= 2S es ‘~— S Vis ee et ' ¢ Mya Se Pate Mt hia a SS hao ne he ae a ag ae aa eh 5 == a. ee oy os eee ap —— ) £ ik i i iy 4 Se pra ase eee iY aga ie Renee Heaters i, aed Pe ny FR: =~ heat \ ior nth { a Hi La “oO fs He * be ‘4 Le = > Se cS ‘ —— ee A Oe > iain a 2% ae |i —_ PASE a ee ara —— “ SS sa ene eS ! 4 4, nA t " 4 4 5, ni Na te ; : h, int 5 . L — per Sys ; 7 = —, area : = = = —_—* re pg ee ae = SC ae = Peal ae Ge eh er ae : ae = : Cpe rea ge age - - a eee —— * — cae sn a valor cla et eal a, tS we “ - oe] ~—— o —- ey eee Se a ED ap! AB Milam Saad ty sin 0 ay one = aan ars - i ‘ - My * ] a ° we 2 . - : Sn BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY VOL. VI 1957-1958 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) LONDON : 1958 DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE PARTS No. 1. 30 November 3 . ? ; . 1955 No. 2. 7 February . : * a ‘ . 1956 No. 3. 27 March . ; : : ; . 1956 No. 4. 18 April : : ‘ ; F . 1956 No. 5. 18 April : : : . . bk LEQRGr: No. 6. 22 May ‘ : ; ‘ i . 1956 No. 7. 24 July “ : , : : - 1956 No. 8. 12 October . . ; ; . 1956 No. 9. 18 January . ; 7 A : . 1957 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE BARTHOLOMEW PRESS DORKING BY ADLARD AND SON, LTD. No. I No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 No. 10 No. II. No. 12. CONTENTS ENTOMOLOGY VOLUME VI . New and little-known species of African Trichoptera. By D. E. KIMMINS . New Hystrichopsyllid Siphonaptera. By F. G. A. M. Smit . Neue Erotyliden aus dem Britischen Museum. 21. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Erotyliden (Col.). By Kurt DELKESKAMP . Lectotypes of Trichoptera from the McLachlan Collection now in the British Museum (Natural History). By D. E. Kimmins . New species of the genus Dicercomozon Demoulin (Ephemeroptera, Fam. Tricorythidae). By D. E. Kimmins . Revision of the Neotropical Acanthocinini (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae). II. The genus Lagocheirus. By LAWRENCE S. DILLON . A contribution to the taxonomy of Stenoponia J. &. R. (1911), a genus of Palaearctic and Nearctic fleas. By KARL JORDAN . The mealy-bugs (Pseudococcidae : Homoptera) described by W. M. Maskell, R. Newstead, T. D. A. Cockerell and E. E. Green from the Ethiopian Region. By D. J. WILLIAMS . Miss L. E. Cheesman’s Expedition to New Hebrides, 1955. Orders Odonata, Neuroptera and Trichoptera. By D. E. KIMMINsS . The identity of Stenopsyche grisetpennis McLachlan (Trichoptera, Family Stenopsychidae). By D. E. KIMMINsS A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part IV. By PAUL FREEMAN New species of Indo-Australian Geometridae. By L. B. Prout Index to Volume VI PAGE z 39 V7 203 237 251 261 305 465 ud ae i Le , NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SPECTES ‘OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA D. E. KIMMINS BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 1 LONDON: 1957 NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA BY D. E. KIMMINS ae Pp. 1-37; 27 Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 1 LONDON : 1957 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) instituted in 1949, is issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6. No. 1 of the Entomological series. 2 0 DEC 1957 Se a PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued December, 1957 Price Ten Shillings NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA By D. E. KIMMINS Department of Entomology, British Museum (Nat. Hist.) THIS paper is based on collections made in East Africa by Dr. N. E. Hickin in 1954 and 1956 and by Dr. P. S. Corbet, 1954-56; in Ghana (Gold Coast) by Professor Lewis Berner in 1950 and upon other small collections made by Mr. Elliot Pinhey and Mr. C. N. Smithers. It includes new species in the families Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Hydropsychidae, Hydroptilidae, Leptoceridae and Lepido- stomatidae, in all, seventeen new species. The types of all new species have been presented to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) by the captors, to whom the author wishes to express his thanks for the opportunity of studying this interesting material. Family PHILOPOTAMIDAE Chimarra cognata sp. n. (Text-figs. 1-2) RHODESIA. Victoria Falls, i.1956, numerous examples, (E. Pinhey). ¢ (in alcohol). General colour ochraceous or very pale fuscous. Antennae and palpi pale fuscous. Legs ochraceous. Spurs fuscous, 1.4.4, those of the anterior leg short. Abdomen ochraceous, apex of aedeagus and inturned claws of claspers piceous. Wings pale fuscous, venation much as in C. intexta Mosely. (It should be noted that the original figure of the anterior wing of C. intexta is incorrect, Cu, being accidentally omitted. A corrected figure will be found in Mosely, 1936, Amn. Mag. n. H., (10) 17 : 446, fig. 35.) 6 GENITALIA. Ninth and tenth segments fused dorsally, ninth sternite with a small, acute process. Tenth segment with two sclerotized lateral lobes, from above sinuous and divergent, from the side slightly down-curved, apices dark brown. Cercus rounded in side view, arising from a thin, plate-like lobe which extends beneath the aedeagus. The latter has a slender stem, and towards the apex on each side is a spatulate, sclerotized lobe, which has a piceous tip. Apex of aedeagus membranous and carrying two fuscous, claw-like spines. Claspers broad, moderately long ; from the side the upper margin is elevated about mid-way in a strong claw, directed inwards across the clasper. There is a second acute process arising from the inner surface, mid-way between the incurved claw and the apex. ENTOM 6, I. I 4 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA COGNATA EVOLUTA RHODES! Fic. 1. Wings of Chimarra cognata, sp. n., C. evoluta sp. n., and C. rhodesi sp. n. Q GENITALIA. Seventh sternite with a small ventral process. Eighth segment forming an almost complete ring, its dorsal surface membranous. Apical margins darkly pigmented, from the side with a median, hyaline area simulating an excision. Subgenital plate triangular from the side, about as long as eighth segment. From NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 5 beneath its lateral margins are convex. Ninth tergite short, saddle-shaped, with two long, basal apodemes. Length of fore wing, 5 mm. $ holotype mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype with abdomen mounted as microscope preparation. Paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.) and National Museum of S. Rhodesia, Bulawayo. This species is closely related to C. intexta Mosely from Sierra Leone, as is obvious from a comparison of the ¢ claspers and the wing venation. The general resemblance in $ genitalia may well be greater than appears on comparing the figures of the two species. Mosely, in describing intexta, states that one superior appendage (lateral lobe of tenth segment) has been broken off in the unique type. I have examined this specimen and I suspect that not only has the tenth segment been rather extensively damaged but the apical part of the aedeagus also appears to be missing. When C. intexta is re-discovered, it is possible that cognata may prove to be a subspecies of it. For the present, the chief differences in cognata are the narrower base of the incurved claw and acute apex of the clasper in side view and the shorter, broader clasper in ventral view. Chimarra evoluta sp. n. (Text-figs. I, 3) S. RHODESIA. Salisbury Experimental Station, light trap, 1, 3.x.1956, 2 gd, 5 2 (C. N. Smithers). 3d (in alcohol). Head piceous or very dark fuscous, warts and front of head a little paler, and with sparse piceous hairs. Antennae and palpi dark fuscous. Thorax fuscous, with paler warts. Legs fuscous, posterior femur with a paler median ring. Spurs1.4.4. Abdomen pale fuscous, genitalia piceous. Anastomosis in fore wing straight, whitish hyaline. In hind wing, venation somewhat reduced, R, obsolete or fused with Sc, which is a strong vein, veins R,,,; and M,,, each unforked (i.e., cells R, and M, are lacking). gd GENITALIA. Ninth segment membranous above, the upper lateral margins each produced caudad in a long, slender spine running alongside the aedeagus. Ventral surface of ninth segment with a small median keel towards the base. Cerci short and moderately broad. Tenth segment forming a pair of stout spines, connected at their bases, situated above and at the side of the aedeagus. The basal half of each spine is produced upwards and outwards in a thin foliate plate, appearing as a lobe in dorsal view, with the spine projecting beyond it. Aedeagus long, slender, lightly sclerotized. Clasper large, in side view somewhat reniform, with its upper basal margin produced upwards and inwards in a broad, thin lobe, fringed with setae. From beneath, the clasper is elongate, with an incurved, tapering, truncate apex. At the base on the inner surface is a slender finger. 2 (in alcohol). Resembling the male, but slightly larger and darker. Abdomen pale fuscous, terminal segments darker. Venation as in male. Q GENITALIA. Seventh segment with a small ventral process. Eighth segment forming a complete ring, although the lateral margins are somewhat excised. Its 6 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA dorsal, apical margin is excised at the centre, the excision continuing basally as a narrow, median, semi-membranous groove. Ventral apical margin produced in a subgenital plate, covering the membranous ninth sternite. From beneath, this plate has a narrow, median, membranous groove running from near the base to the excised apex. Ninth tergite saddle-shaped, from above tapering from mid-way to a bilobed apex. Tenth segment with a pair of semi-membranous processes each carrying a small cercus. Bursa copulatrix very lightly sclerotized and obscure. Length of fore wing 3, 5 mm., 9, 5*5 mm. Fic. 2. Chimarva cognatasp.n. Genitalia. (a), g, lateral; (B), 3, dorsal ; (c), g, right clasper, ventral; (D), 9, lateral. $ holotype (3.x.) mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype (3. x.) in 2% formaldehyde solution, abdomen mounted as microscope preparation. Paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.) and Dept. of Research and Specialist Services, Salisbury, S. Rhodesia. C. evoluta (and another closely allied species being published in the Ruwenzori Expedition Reports, I1) are related to C. georgensis Barnard in the obsolete R, in the hind wing and the straight, white anastomosis in the fore wing. NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 4 They both differ from Barnard’s species in male genitalia, the complete absence of R, and the unforked condition of R,,,; and M,,, in the hind wing. C. evoluta differs from the allied East African species in the longer and more slender spines arising from the ninth segment, the less produced lower lateral margins of the ninth segment and the relatively larger, more elongate claspers. I was at first disposed to place this species and the East African one in Lestage’s genus Chimarrhafra (type species, C. georgensis Barnard). Lestage’s chief character, the obsolescence of R, in the hind wing, is however not restricted to species from Fic. 3. Chimarra evoluta sp.n. Genitalia. (a), g, lateral; (B), 3, dorsal ; (c), g, right clasper, ventral; (p), 9, lateral; (£), 2, ventral. Africa, but occurs also in examples from Fiji, Solomons and Sarawak. The present species carries the reduction of the wing venation two stages further in the hind wing, in the unforked condition of R,,, and M,,5. Rs,3 also occurs in the hind wing in other species of Chimarra (e.g., Australian spp.), but this reduction is not necessarily correlated with reduction of R,. I am therefore in agreement with Ross (1956) that Chimarrhafra Lestage should be synonymized with Chimarra. 8 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA Chimarra rhodesi sp. n. (Text-figs. 1, 4) S. RuHopEsIA. Salisbury Experimental Station, light trap, 3-4.x.1956, 3 2, (C. N. Smithers). ¢ (in alcohol). Head fuscous, occipital warts pale, antennae and palpi fuscous. Thorax fuscous, warts pale. Legs pale fuscous, femora paler than tibiae. Spurs 1.4.4. Abdomen ochraceous, with fuscous genitalia. Wings medium fuscous, with sparse fuscous pubescence. Shape more elongate than in evoluta, venation of the typical Chimarra pattern. Fic. 4. Chimarra rhodesi sp.n. ¢ Genitalia. (a), lateral; (8B), dorsal ; (c), base of right clasper, ventral. $ GENITALIA. Eighth segment rather more sclerotized than basal segments, sternite with a small ventral process. Ninth segment more or less membranous dorsally, with a strong, short ventral process. Tenth segment with the median lobe membranous, lateral lobes blackish, spiniform, their bases attached to the ninth segment. Cercus short, rounded, arising from a thin, plate-like base. Aedeagus terminating in two hooks, the dorsal one directed upwards, the ventral downwards. Within the aedeagus can be seen two pairs of small, slender, curved spines. Clasper robust, in side view somewhat constricted about mid-way, apex tapering to an angled finger. From above, the clasper is incurved, stout, tapering to the apex, a small inner projection near the base. Length of fore wing, 5 mm. 3 holotype mounted as microscope preparations. Paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.) and in Dept. of Research and Specialist Services, Salisbury, S. Rhodesia. This species is not closely related to any African Chimarra known tome. It perhaps comes nearest to C. elga Mosely. Both have processes to the eighth and ninth sternites and the claspers are somewhat similarin shape. The clasper in rhodesz is NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 9 more abruptly angled at the apex and more constricted mid-way. The lateral spiniform lobes of the tenth segment are straight, not upcurved, and the arma- ture of the aedeagus is different. Moreover the head and thorax of C. elga are orange. Family POLYCENTROPODIDAE Nyctiophylax africanus sp. n. (Text-fig. 5) UGANDA. Jinja, at light, ix—-x.1954, I g, 3 9 (P. S. Corbet). g (in alcohol). Head pale fuscous, with fuscous pubescence. Antennae ochraceous, finely annulated with fuscous. Palpi ochraceous. Thorax fuscous above, ochraceous beneath, legs ochraceous with fine fuscous pubescence. Wings brownish, with dense fuscous pubescence. Venation much as in N. orientalis Marlier, cell M, in the fore wing and cell R, in the hind wing sessile. Abdomen reddish ochraceous. Fic. 5. Nyctiophylax africanus sp. n. Genitalia. (A), g, lateral; (B), 3g, claspers and hooks of tenth segment, ventral; (c), 9, lateral, and apex of subgenital plate, ventral ; (D), 2, bursa copulatrix, ventral. ¢ GENITALIA. Eighth tergite overlapping the ninth and tenth, the centre of its apical margin produced in a small rounded lobe. Upper part of ninth segment either membranous or fused with tenth, the centre of the ventral margin produced in a small triangular process. Tenth segment represented by a pair of lightly chitinized plates bearing the cerci, the lower angles of the plates produced downwards 10 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA and outwards in strong hooks, lying beneath the aedeagus. Cerci moderately elongate, fringed. Aedeagus with its dorsal surface lightly sclerotized, forming a saddle-shaped structure covering a mass of membrane within which are enclosed three pairs of straight spines. Clasper widely excised at its apex, from the side appearing as two divergent branches. From beneath, the upper branch curls inward, broad and spatulate, the lower branch slender acute. Q GENITALIA. Eighth sternite with a pair of quadrate lobes, their margins fringed with setae. Subgenital plate roughly triangular in ventral view, sides slightly sinuous, apex rounded ; in side view it is deep at its base, then narrowed to a digitate apex, which reaches almost to apex of abdomen. Bursa copulatrix as shown. Tenth segment with three pairs of short finger-like processes. Length of fore wing, 4 mm. 3 holotype, 2 allotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, one pair of J wings, f and 2 abdomens mounted as microscope preparations. This species differs from both N. occidentalis Ulmer and N. orientalis Marlier in the deeply bifid clasper of the male and from the former also in the spines of the tenth segment being stouter and down- curved. Dipseudopsis capensis Walker KeENnyA. Nzoia R., Lwamba Ferry, 19-20.iv.1956, I g (P. S. Corbet). TANGANYIKA. L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 11-13. viii. 1956, 36 3, 4 2 (P. S. Corbet). Widely distributed in Africa. Dipseudopsis noricis Mosely GoLpD Coast. Volta R., Senchi, 31.vii-2.vili.1950, 19 J, 202; Yeji, 14.x.1950, 245,19 (L. Berner). Dayi R., Kpandu-Hohoe Rd.,17.viii.1950, 1 g (L. Berner). Previous distribution. Gold Coast. Dipseudopsis njalana Ulmer GoLtp Coast. Afram R., Mankrong, 13.ix.1950, 1 ¢ (L. Berner). Previous distribution. Sierra Leone. Family HyDROPSYCHIDAE Subfamily Hydropsychinae Cheumatopsyche falcifera Ulmer (Text-fig. 6) UGANDA. Jinja, at light, 31. xii.1955-24.v.1956, 6 J (P. S. Corbet). I was at first inclined to label these specimens as C. natalensis (Barnard) but as they also showed some resemblance to Ulmer’s figures of falcifera I made a genitalia preparation of the example labelled ¢ye in our collection. To my surprise it proved to be much nearer the Uganda examples than the figures (made from a dried example) suggested. The tenth segment from the side is more tapered and the terminal NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA i Fic. 6. Cheumatopsyche falcifera (Ulmer), g Type. Genitalia. (A), lateral and (B), dorsal. processes do not turn up so much. There is also a setiferous wart on each side. I am taking this opportunity of re-figuring the genitalia of falcifera. The specimen figured is one of three males listed from the Akaki Ravine, and Ulmer states that the type is one of these three. I therefore designate the specimen now figured (abdomen in small tube of glycerine) as the male Lectotype. C. natalensis (Barnard) now seems even more Closely related to C. falcifera (Ulmer) and it must be left to South African entomologists to re-examine the type and decide whether it is truly distinct. Cheumatopsyche uncata sp. n. (Text-fig. 7) UcanpDA. Albert Nile, Pakwach, 29.iv.1956, 3 3, 4 2 (P. S. Corbet). (In alcohol). General colour ochraceous, wings denuded. _ $ GENITALIA. Ninth tergite with apical margin produced in two small, rounded lobes. Tenth segment from the side triangular, upper margin gently convex. Near the apex on each side is an upwardly and basally directed acute hook, and basad of it is a low, setiferous wart. From above, the tenth segment is subquadrate, its apical margin produced centrally in a triangle with rounded apex. Sides of the tenth segment a little convex, apical hooks not conspicuous. Aedeagus terminating in a pair of incurved, convex lobes. Basal segment of clasper slender at its base, dilating to a clavate apex. Terminal segment short and triangular from the side, tapering more gradually to a rounded apex in dorsal view. Q GENITALIA. Eighth sternite divided medially into two sclerites, ventro-caudal angles forming a wide convex sweep. Clasper-receptacle small, circular, ventro- ENTOM 6, I. 1§ 12 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA Fic. 7. Cheumatopsyche uncata sp.n. Genitalia. (A), 3, lateral ; (B), 3, dorsal; (c), 9, lateral. caudal angle of ninth tergite produced in a small upcurved lobe below the clasper receptacle. Length of fore wing, 7 mm. 3 holotype, 2 allotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, each with abdomen mounted as a microscope preparation ; paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). The shape of the tenth segment of the male, with its recurved apical hooks distinguishes this species from any other African Cheumatopsyche known to me. Cheumatopsyche urema Mosely Ucanpa. L. Victoria, Kagera Bay, 12.v.1954, I g, 1 9 (N. E. Hickin) ; Jinja, 5.V.1954, I d (N. E. Hickin). Previous distribution. Kenya, Meru. There are slight differences in the male genitalia compared with the type but I do not consider them to be of specific importance. The female is referred here with some doubt. Cheumatopsyche copiosa Kimmins GoLpD Coast. Volta R., Senchi, 31.vii.1950, 3 J, 1 2 (L. Berner). Previous distribution. Uganda. NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 13 Cheumatopsyche afra Mosely TANGANYIKA. L. Tanganyika, Kigoma, 16.20. viii.1956, 19 J, 8 2 (P. S. Corbet). Previous distribution. Sierra Leone. Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely UcanpAa. Entebbe, 28.30.iii.1956, 4 3, 12 9 (P. S. Corbet). Previous distribution. Tanganyika. Subfamily Oestropsinae (= Macronematinae) Phanostoma senegalense Brauer UGANDA. Butiaba district, iii.1954 ; numerous examples (P. S. Corbet) ; Jinja, 3.i11.1954, 2.28.v.1954, ix-x.1954, numerous examples (P. S. Corbet, N. E. Hickin) ; Ripon Falls, 27.v.1954, numerous examples, (N. E. Hickin). GoLp Coast. Volta R., Senchi, 1.vili.1950, 4 ¢ (L. Berner). Widely distributed in Africa. Polymorphanisus bipunctatus Brauer KENyA. Nzoia R., Lwamba Ferry, 19-20.iv.1956, 2 2 (P. S. Corbet). Widely distributed in Africa. Polymorphanisus ? angustipennis Ulmer GoLp Coast. Volta R., Yeji, 14.x.1950, 1 § (L. Berner). Previous distribution. Cameroons. Aethaloptera dispar Brauer UGANDA. Butiaba district, iii.1954, a number, (P. S. Corbet) ; Jinja, 3.11.1954, 2.V-I.vi.1954, 1x-x.1954, a number, (P. S. Corbet, N. E. Hickin); West Nile, near Laropi, 27-28 .iv.1956, 9 3, 47 9 (P. S. Corbet). TANGANYIKA. L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 11-13. viii.1956, 1 2 (P. S. Corbet). GoLp Coast. Afram R., 13-14.ix.1950, 3 6, 2 2; Volta R., Yeji, 14.x.1950, I § (L. Berner). Widely distributed in Africa. Macronema capense, var. signatum Walker Ucanpa. Kampala, Namogonga R., 4.vi.1954, I ¢ (N. E. Hickin). DISTRIBUTION. Equatorial Africa. Macronema distinctum Ulmer GoLp Coast. Afram R., Mankrong, 14.ix.1950, 2 ¢ (L. Berner). DISTRIBUTION. Equatorial Africa. 14 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA i yn } 4 aaa TTT (RL), right lateral ; Orthotrichia straeleni Jacquemart. ¢ Genitalia. (Lx), left lateral ; (Dp), dorsal and (v), ventral. Fic. 8. NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 15 Macronema alienum Ulmer Gop Coast. Afram R., Mankrong, 13.x.1950, 2 ¢ (L. Berner). Previous distribution. Sudan. Family HyDROPTILIDAE Orthotrichia straeleni Jacquemart. (Text-fig. 8) Ucanpba. L. Victoria, Kagera Bay, 15.v.1954, 1 ¢ (N. E. Hickin) ; Albert Nile, Pakwach, 29.iv.1956, 2 ¢ (P. S. Corbet). TANGANYIKA. L. Tanganyika, Kigoma, 16-20. vili.1956, I ¢ (P. S. Corbet). (In alcohol). Head densely clothed with whitish hairs, a few fuscous hairs on face. Antenna with about thirty-eight segments, fuscous, with a short, pale patch at about two-thirds from base. Palpi with fuscous pubescence. Thorax with fuscous pubescence above, ochraceous beneath. Legs very pale fuscous. Wings with dark fuscous pubescence, a pale fuscous patch in pterostigmatic area of fore wing. A short row of black scales in costal area at base of fore wing. Abdomen with short processes to sixth and seventh sternites. g GENITALIA. Completely asymmetric, as is usual in Orthotrichia. Ninth segment largely withdrawn within the eighth, with deep basal and apical lateral excisions. In side view, the apical angles of the lower part each bearing a stout bristle, the right-hand lobe more inwardly hooked than the left. To the upper part of the ninth segment is fused the tenth, forming an elongate, lightly sclerotized hood bearing three hooks, two directed to the right, one to the left. To the basal angles of this hood (only visible in a cleared example) is attached a transverse plate, the centre of whose apical margin is produced in a long, bifid process, each branch transparent and bearing an apical seta. Basal margin with a long slender apodeme. This structure lies beneath the aedeagus and may represent the fused processes of the tenth segment. Aedeagus long, slender, with a loosely attached spiniform titillator (not shown in figures, to avoid confusion). Claspers fused to form an asymmetric plate set within an excision of the ninth segment, excised at its centre, each half bearing a long seta. The left-hand clasper terminates in a short, sinuous process. Length of fore wing 2 mm. Since this paper was submitted for publication, I have seen a reprint of a paper by M. Jacquemart, in which this species appears under the name of Orthotrichia straeleni Jacquemart. I have therefore supressed the name under which I was proposing to describe it but have left my description and figures. Orthotrichia aequatoriana sp. n. (Text-fig. 9) UGANDA. Jinja, 31.xii.1955, I g, 1 Q (P. S. Corbet). (In alcohol). Antenna with thirty-four segments, pale ochraceous, with three patches of fuscous pubescence in the apical half. Head fuscous, vertex ochraceous 16 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA with fuscous warts, palpi pale fuscous. Anterior legs pale fuscous, clothed with broadened fuscous hairs, median and posterior legs ochraceous. Spurs 0.3.4. Pubescence of fore wing fuscous with paler areas, no black scales at base of subcosta in male. ¢ genitalia of the usual, complex type, asymmetric. Sixth ventral segment with a pointed process, seventh and eighth with tufts of hairs. Ninth segment long dorsally, with a pair of processes on the right-hand side apically, the upper short and claw-like, the lower long, slender, slightly upcurved. Ventral ad Fic. 9. Orthotrichia aequatoriana sp.n. 6 Genitalia. (L), lateral ; (Dp), dorsal; (v), ventral. apical margin of the ninth segment irregular, its centre produced and with short, outspread apical branches; between and above them is an irregularly produced, blackened lobe. Above this lobe is a pair of rounded structures, each carrying a long bristle, their bases fused into a long, slender apodeme. It is possible that these structures may represent the claspers. Tenth segment membranous. Aedeagus long, slender, sinuous in its apical third and with a spiral sheath or titillator. Within NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 17 the ninth segment and above the aedeagus are two spines, fused basally, one short and claw-like, the other long, slender and sinuous. Length of fore wing 2-5 mm. 3d holotype mounted as microscope preparations. This species differs from O. sanya and O. straelent in the absence of a row of black scales along the subcosta of the fore wing of the male and in the form of the male genitalia. Family LEPTOCERIDAE Pseudoleptocerus corbeti sp. n. (Text-figs. Io, 11) UGANDA. Jinja, 7.v—I0.vili.1956, 28 3, 40 2 (P. S. Corbet). (In alcohol). Head fuscous, with whitish and fuscous hairs. Basal segment of antenna fuscous above, paler beneath, remaining segments clothed with medium fuscous, scale-like hairs, joints dark fuscous, bases of segments whitish. These pale Fic. 10. Pseudoleptocerus corbeti sp.n. ¢ Genitalia. (a), lateral (aedeagus omitted) ; (B), aedeagus, lateral ; (c), ninth and tenth segments, dorsal; (D), clasper and process of ninth segment, ventral. annulations become less noticeable towards the apex of antenna. Palpi dark fuscous, maxillary with greyish white and some fuscous hairs. Prothorax and mesothorax fuscous, metathorax ochraceous with fuscous markings. Legs fuscous, 18 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA anterior tibia and tarsus annulated with whitish, posterior femur with pale bluish scales. Abdomen fuscous above, ochraceous beneath, ¢ genital segments brownish, a piceous bifid lobe on ninth sternite. Wings much as in Ps. njalaensis and chirin- densis, anterior with hyaline areas, and clothed with blackish and iridescent pale bluish scales. $ GENITALIA. Dorsal apical margin of ninth segment produced in an excised hood, the U-shaped excision extending almost to the base of the hood, the lateral lobes broad, triangular, with rounded apices. From the side the lateral lobes are slender and slightly down-curved. Ventral margin of ninth sternite produced in a blackened, plate-like lobe, paler at its centre. In side view it is slender and acute, from beneath bifid, the acute angled separated by a wide excision. Tenth segment Fic. 11.—Pseudoleptocerus corbeti sp.n. Q Genitalia. (A), lateral; (B), ventral. with a broad, rounded median lobe, armed with a few stout spines on each side of the apex. From the side, the median lobe appears as a slender curved process, whose apex is truncate. Lateral lobes of tenth segment thin, blunt, scarcely half as long as median lobe. Aedeagus enclosed in a curved basal sheath, whose upper margin projects as a quadrate lobe, the lower margin produced and acute. Aedeagus largely membranous, with two pairs of stout spines. Clasper stout at base, then much constricted in side view, dilating gradually to a digitate apex. From beneath it is also constricted near the base and again beyond the middle. Inner margin strongly spinose. QGENITALIA. Eighth sternite with its apical margin widely and shallowly excised. Ninth and tenth segments fused, dorsal apical margin projecting in a short, excised lobe, which appears as a triangular process in side view. Below it is a pair of short processes (? cerci) armed with a few setae. Lateral gonapophyses short, moderately NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 19 deep in side view, apical margin slightly excised or sinuous. Above them in ventral view is a short triangular plate. Ninth sternite forming a broad ovate plate, its lateral margins more or less fused to the tergite. Length of fore wing, 3, 7°5 mm., 92, 5:5 mm. $ holotype, @ allotype (8.viii.1956) mounted as microscope preparations, para- types in 2% formaldehyde solution. In wing markings and in general structure of g and @ genitalia this species resembles mjalaensis Mosely and chirindensts Kimmins. One obvious distinguishing character is the bifid ventral process of the ninth sternite of the male. (In chivindensis an unpigmented median area of this process may simulate a forked process.) The median lobe of the tenth segment has the spines on each side of the apex (median in mjalaensis and chirindensis). The clasper is more slender than in mjalaensis and the apex less angulated than in chivindensis and is not outspread. In the female, the processes of the tenth segment are short and stout. In mjalaensis they are also short, but more triangular in side view, and from beneath they are strongly transverse. In chirindensis these processes are much more slender, about three times as long as broad in side view. The lateral gonapophyses in corbeti are truncate or slightly excised apically in side view, not rounded as in mjalaensis and chirvindensis. Pseudoleptocerus njalaensis Mosely GoLD Coast. Volta R., Senchi, 2.viii.1950, 1 3, I 9, Yeji, 14.x.1950, 6 J, 2 9; Afram R., Mankrong, 14.i1x.1950, I g (L. Berner). Previous distribution. Sierra Leone. Triaenodes serrata Ulmer (Text-fig. 12) 1912, Deutsch. Zenty.-Afrika-Exped. 4 (Zool. 2) (6): 110; ibid., 1923, Mitt. Minch. ent. Ges. 13 : 20. UGANDA. Jinja, 14.v—8.vili.1956, 2 J, 3 9, (P. S. Corbet). I am taking this opportunity of describing the female genitalia and of re-figuring the male genitalia and also of drawing attention to a curious series of errors in connection with the description of the male genitalia. Originally it was stated that the tenth tergite was divided and that each half bore a long, curved spine. Ulmer subsequently (1923) corrected this, stating that the tenth tergite was not divided and that it bore only a single spine. This correction was overlooked by both Barnard (1934) and myself (1956) and we perpetuated the original error by referring to the paired spines of seyrata in comparative notes. Through the kindness of Dr. Mannheims and Dr. Buchholz, of the Koenig Museum, Bonn, I have been able to examine Ulmer’s type of serrata. To my surprise, I find that it does in fact bear two curved spines at the apex of the undivided tenth tergite! The lateral margins of the latter are more sclerotized and thus give the false impression of being divided. I am of the opinion that the type is probably aberrant in having two spines on the tenth tergite and that there should normally be only one, as appears to have been 20 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 7 Re oe nal Fic. 12. Tvriaenodes serrata Ulmer. Genitalia. (a), 3g, lateral; (8), 3, ninth and tenth segments and aedeagus, dorsal; (c), 3, right clasper, ventral; (D), 9, lateral; (E), 2, ventral. the case in the later specimens from which Ulmer corrected his original description. There are slight differences between the Uganda examples and Ulmer’s type in the shape of the curved spine and of the clasper, but I do not consider them to be of specific importance. Barnard (1934) when describing his Adicella sicula also remarks on its similarity to Triaenodes serrata. The similarity of genitalia, not only in the male, but also in the female sicula to those of the female now described as serrata causes one to wonder whether his sicula is not perhaps a Tviaenodes with abberrant venation. This view is strengthened by the fact the two species of Tviaenodes (legona and wambana) described by Mosely from Kenya and Ruwenzori both show a partly obsolete media in the fore wing, the base only being lacking. 2 GENITALIA. Apical margin of eighth sternite straight, with a large patch of short bristles. Ninth tergite short, more or less fused to the tubular tenth segment. NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 21 Lateral gonapophyses elongate-oval, directed downwards and inwards. Ninth sternite moderately sclerotized, deeply excised at its centre, within which can be seen the internal structure, with a bilobed apex. Triaenodes ghana sp. n. (Text-figs. 13, 14) Gotp Coast. Dayi R., Kpandu-Hohoe Rd., 17.viii. 1950, 1 3 (L. Berner). (In alcohol). Head ochraceous, eyes black, palpi ochraceous. Antenna with long basal segment bearing long silky hairs on its upper surface. Thorax, legs and abdomen ochraceous. Wings with sparse pale fuscous pubescence. ¢ GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed dorsally, the lower part about twice as long as upper and more sclerotized. Dorsal margin produced at its centre in a small, bifid, membranous process. Tenth segment long, spiniform, slightly down- curved. Cerci slender, nearly as long as tenth segment. Aedeagus large, down- GHANA HICKINI Fic. 13. Wings of Tyviaenodes ghana sp. n. and T. hickini sp. n. curved, strongly sclerotized. It takes the form of a trough with asymmetric lateral margins, which are armed with strong spines, closely bunched on the left side, more spread out on the right. Beneath the apex is another bunch of strong spines. Claspers fused at their bases, rather complex. The main or basal part of each is quadrate in side view, with a finger-like process, armed with stout setae, arising from the upper margin towards the apex. Apical margin with an incurved apical hook and a smaller tooth. From beneath the basal part is triangular, the inner margin 22 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA of the upper finger-like process continuing as the inner margin of the clasper. From the upper surface of the clasper arises a bifid process, the upper branch digitate, directed tailward, the lower branch larger, flattened, directed downwards and inwards, apex acute. Length of fore wing 7-5 mm. 3 holotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, one pair of wings and genitalia mounted as microscope preparations. In structure of genitalia this species is related to Triaenodes kimila Mosely from Belgian Congo. It differs in the presence of strong Fic. 14. Tvriaenodes ghana sp.n. 6 Genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), tenth segment, dorsal; (c), left clasper, dorsal; (pD), right clasper, ventral. setae on the lateral margins and apex of the aedeagus and the bifid nature of the process of the clasper. There is no mention of any special tufts of silky hair on the basal segment of the antenna in T. kimila, and one must assume that they were either rubbed off or else naturally absent, since if they had been present, Mosely would certainly have placed the species in his genus Tviaenodella. The specific name of this species is that adopted by the former Gold Coast territories upon attaining self-governing status within the British Commonwealth. Triaenodes hickini sp. n. (Text-figs. 13, 15) KENYA. Kipkurere R., Timboroa Forest Reserve, Austins Bridge, 8,500 ft., emerged 20.x.1956, I g, I.xi.1956, 2 g, I 9, 7.xi.1956, I J, I 9, 9.xi.1956, 2 P (N. E. Hickin) NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 23 (In 2% formaldehyde solution). Head yellowish, fuscous above, antenna fulvous with fuscous annulations, basal segment of male elongate, dorsal surface with a pale longitudinal flap covering a tuft of hairs. Palpi pale fuscous with darker pubescence. Thorax yellowish, with faint fuscous streaks above, sides ochraceous. Legs very pale fuscous. Abdomen ochraceous, genitalia yellowish-brown. Wings with pale fuscous pubescence, with faint indications of transverse bands. $ GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrow dorsally, side-pieces triangular with rounded apices. Tenth segment with a pale trifid median lobe, the centre branch clavate and setose. Side lobes of tenth segment asymmetric, blade-like, the left lobe much longer than the right. Aedeagus arched, trough-like, apex directed downwards, excised and somewhat membranous. Clasper with a basal branch, the main part subtriangular from beneath, apex rounded, inner margin sinuous and armed with Fic. 15. Tvriaenodes hickini sp. n. Genitalia. (a), g, lateral; (B), g, tenth segment, dorsal; (c), g, ventral; (D), 2, lateral; (£), 9, from beneath and behind. short spines or teeth. The basal branch is directed upwards and then bent abruptly tailwards as a strong spine. Just below the angle is a second more slender spine, curving downwards. 24 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 2 GENITALIA. Ninth tergite with a weak median carina. Lateral gonapophyses elongate, foliate, somewhat incurved and acute apically. Beneath them is a broad, bifid structure, deep in side view, the branches appearing as upwardly directed fingers. From beneath, these branches are separated by a deep excision. Tenth segment more or less fused to ninth, from the side moderately broad at its base (which carries a low setiferous wart), then narrowed to a slender digitate apex, slightly down-curved. From below it is spatulate, shallowly concave above. Length of fore wing Io mm. 3 holotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, abdomen and one pair of wings mounted as microscope preparations. This species may be compared with Tviaenodes difformis Mosely from Uganda. The median lobe of the tenth segment is shorter, view less elongate and with the basal branch stouter, more abruptly angled, its trifid, centre branch clavate. Clasper in ventral view more triangular, in lateral upper branch not clavate. TJ. difformis may have a longitudinal flap on the basal segment of the antenna but the specimen is in poor condition. Athripsodes jinjana sp. n. (Text-figs. 16, 17) UcanpDA. Jinja, 1956, 27 3, 22 92; L. Victoria, Bukakata, 13.i.1956, 2 9; Kampala, Port Bell, 6~-7.iv.1956, 2 g, 1 2; Entebbe, 28-30.iii.1956, 2 3, I Q, (P. S. Corbet). a Fic. 16. Wings of Athripsodes jinjanasp.n. 4. (In alcohol). Head ochraceous, warts fuscous, hairs whitish. Antenna ochraceous, annulated with dark fuscous. Maxillary palpi dark fuscous, with whitish hairs, labial pale fuscous. Thorax dull brownish, hairs whitish. Legs ochraceous, anterior femur ventrally, and most of anterior tibia and tarsus, pale fuscus. Abdomen whitish (? greenish in life), male genital segment yellowish brown. Fore wing with brownish pubescence, mottled with greyish, stigma dark brown. NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 25 Membrane pale smoky brown, with hyaline areas and, in male, venation much as in “ Homilia’’ lomia Mosely. $ GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed dorsally, ventral apical margin not produced. Tenth segment forming a pair of long, curved spines, fused basally, apices divergent. Cerci slender, about two-thirds as long as tenth segment. Aedeagus short, abruptly angled downwards between the bases of claspers, where its apex can be seen in ventral view as a rounded lobe. Lateral margins of aedeagus produced upwards in vertical flanges. Claspers forming a pair of slender calipers arising from stout bases. From the side there is a triangular projection arising on the upper surface at the base, and beyond it is a stout, hooked process on the inner margin near the base. Q GENITALIA. Ninth sternite tapering towards its apex, apical margin straight, excised at its centre, the excision bordered by two rounded lobes, base of the excision Fic. 17. Athripsodes jinjana sp. n. Genitalia. (a), ¢, lateral; (B), ninth and tenth segments, dorsal; (c), 3, claspers and aedeagus, ventral; (D), 2, ventral. convex. Lateral gonapophyses dilated mid-way in ventral view, roundly quadrate in side view. Length of fore wing 3, 7 mmm., 9, 7-5 mm. 26 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 3 holotype mounted as microscope preparations, ? allotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, with one pair of wings and abdomen mounted as microscope preparations, paratypes in 2% formaldehyde solution. This species can be grouped with Athripsodes moselyt Kimmins and A. curvata (Ulmer) (and also with “ Homilia”’ lomia Mosely) on the structure of the male genitalia. It is perhaps closest to A. moselyt, from which it differs in the less elevated flanges of the aedeagus, stouter cerci, divergent spines of the tenth segment and hooked process on the inner, lower margin of clasper. The female may be distinguished by the blunter cerci, absence of the scabrous lobes in the excision of the ninth sternite and broader internal structure. The general similarity of the male genital structure to that of Homilia lomia is striking and strengthens the probability that the female of lomia will be found to have typical Athripsodes venation. Oecetis berneri sp. n. (Text-figs. 18, 19) GoLpD Coast. Dayi R., Kpandu-Hohoe Rd., 17.viii.1950, 1 g (L. Berner). (In alcohol). Head ochraceous, antenna. very pale fulvous with fine fuscous BERNERI RETICULATA Fic. 18. Wings of Oecetis berneri sp. n. and O. reticulatella sp. n. annulations, palpi pale fuscous. Thorax pale brownish above, ochraceous at sides, legs very pale fuscous. Wings hyaline, fore wing with fulvous pubescence, pale fuscous over cross-veins and forks. Venation as figured. Abdomen pale fuscous, tergites 5-8 with reticulate patches. NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 27 ¢ GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed above. Tenth segment represented by two slender, asymmetric spines, down-curved, the left-hand spine in side view sinuously bent. Between their bases arises a pair of short, clavate appendages (? cerci), each with a tuft of setae at the base. Median lobe of tenth segment apparently obsolete. Aedeagus slender, bent downwards about mid-way, channelled on its upper surface, lateral margins of basal half expanded upwards in thin rounded plates. Clasper stout, bifid apically, upper branch arising about mid-way along dorsal surface, curving obliquely upward and tailward, slightly clavate. Main branch Fic. 19. Oecetis bernevisp.n. 6 Genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), dorsal ; (c), left clasper, ventral. tapering to an acute apex, which is slightly hooked. In ventral view the clasper is narrowly triangular, inner margin forming a sinuous ridge and with a blunt triangular tooth on the lower surface. Length of fore wing 4:5 mm. 3 holotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, one pair of wings and abdomen mounted as microscope preparations. This species does not seem to have any very close relationship with the other African species of Oecetis having reticulate patches on the male tergites. The dilated lateral margins of the basal half of the aedeagus, the absence of the median lobe of the tenth segment and the structure of the clasper should make its recognition easy. Oecetis reticulatella sp. n. (Text-figs. 18, 20) GoLp Coast. Volta R., Yeji, 14.x.1950, 1 f (L. Berner). (In alcohol). Head fulvous with brownish pubescence. Antennae (incomplete) fulvous with fuscous pubescence. Palpi pale fuscous. Thorax fulvous, sides and 28 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA centre of mesonotum brownish. Legs fulvous. Wings hyaline, pubescence of anterior pale fuscous, slightly darker at cross-veins and arculus. Venation as figured. Abdomen ochraceous, tergites 5-8 in male with reticulate patches on each side. $ GENITALIA. Ninth segment short, apical margin from the side shallowly excised, from above also with a rounded median excision, the rounded lobes on each side possibly representing the cerci and lateral lobes of tenth segment, fused to the margin of the ninth. Median lobe forming a long, slender finger. Aedeagus large, Fic. 20. Oecetis reticulatellasp.n. @ Genitalia. (A), lateral; (B), tenth segment, dorsal; (c), left clasper, dorsal arched downwards, forming an asymmetric trough enclosing a single, curved spine. Claspers stout, fused basally, upper apical angles extended in strong calipers. Length of fore wing 5 mm. g holotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, one pair of wings and abdomen mounted as microscope preparations. The presence of reticulate areas on the fifth to eighth tergites links this species with O. choa Mosely and O. setifera Ulmer. The tenth segment is however more reduced, since there appears to be no trace of the lateral lobes and the apices of the claspers are more acute. Oecetis africana sp. n. (Text-figs. 21, 22) UcanpDA. Mengo, Entebbe, 28-30. iii.1956, 9 3, 5 2 (P. S. Corbet). TANGANYIKA. L. Victoria, Mwanza Pier, 11-13. viii.1956, 2 3, 1 9 (P. S. Corbet). (In alcohol). General colour light fuscous or dull ochraceous. Antenna annulated with piceous. Wings sparsely pubescent, fore wing with anastomosis, bases of discoidal and thyridial cells and arculus marked with fuscous. Abdomen with tergites six to eight with reticulate areas. NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 29 $ GENITALIA. Ninth segment narrowed above, dorsal apical margin produced at centre in two small, semi-membranous fingers. Ventral apical margin triangularly produced. Cercus narrowed at base, foliate. Tenth segment forming two spatulate lobes, slender and spiniform from above. Aedeagus membranous, set in a down- AFRICANA DECORA Fic. 21. Wings of Oecetis africana sp. n. and O. decora sp. n. curved, sclerotized trough and with a membranous, extensile sheath arising near its base. This sheath terminates in a divergent, horn-like structure. Clasper short, subtriangular from beneath, apex hooked inward. From the side, the upper margin is strongly convex, apex concave. QGENITALIA. Eighth sternite produced in a large, subgenital plate with a rounded slightly down-curved apex. Tenth segment fused to ninth, tubular, lower margin projecting beyond the upper, bilobed. On each side of the tenth segment is a large, low, setiferous wart. Lateral gonapophyses short, ovate from the side, tapering towards apex from beneath. Length of fore wing 7 mm. $ holotype with wings and abdomen mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype with abdomen mounted as microscope preparation and paratypes, all in 2% formaldehyde solution. This species is related to O. aganda Mosely and 0. 30 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA anomala Marlier. All have the deeply bifid tenth segment in the male and the single extensile sheath of the aedeagus, terminating in divergent horns. (Mosely suggests that in aganda this process is normally paired, one being broken away, but I think Fic. 22. O6ccetis africana sp.n. Genitalia. (A), g, lateral; (B), g, dorsal ; (c), g, claspers, ventral; (D), 9, lateral; (£), 9, ventral. that this is a misinterpretation). O. africana differs from both the above species in the short claspers and broader, foliate cerci. Oecetis decora sp. n. (Text-figs. 21, 23) TANGANYIKA. L. Tanganyika, Kigoma, 16-20. viii.1956, numerous ¢ Q (P. S. Corbet). (In alcohol). General colour ochraceous. Back of head pale fuscous, antenna annulated with fuscous. Dorsum of abdomen pale fuscous. Wings sparsely pubescent (? denuded), ochraceous and fuscous, membrane of fore wing strongly marked with fuscous as follows: An oblique, transverse band close to base from NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 31 costa to anal angle, interrupted at radial area; a small spot at base of discoidal cell ; a large spot over cross-vein between Sc and R,, extending to R, ; a large spot over the base of cell Cu,, and arculus; small spots at junction of 1A and 2A, at anastomosis and apices of veins. Venation as figured, cell R, in hind wing present. $ GENITALIA. Ninth tergite produced at its centre in a small, bifid process. Cerci short, broad and ovate, closely appressed but not fused with the tenth segment, Fic. 23. O8ecetis decorasp.n. Genitalia. (A), 3, lateral; (B), g, dorsal ; (c), 9, lateral; (D), 9 ventral. which is lightly sclerotized, about twice as long as cercus, narrow and truncate. Aedeagus large, globose, apex hooked downward, with a curved, internal spine. Claspers slender, incurved, upper margin humped about mid-way. 2 GENITALIA. Ninth tergite produced at the centre of its apical margin in a narrow triangle. Tenth segment short, tubular, with a large setiferous wart on each side. Lateral gonapophyses of the ninth segment short, deep and concave, 32 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA apical margin sinuous, fringed. Eighth sternite (or subgenital plate) tapering to a narrow base, apex covered by the lateral gonapophyses. Length of fore wing 3, 6 mm. 3 holotype mounted as microscope preparations, 2 allotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, apex of abdomen mounted as microscope preparation, paratypes in 2% formaldehyde solution. In male genital structure this species closely resembles O. maculata Kimmins, differing in the shorter cerci, truncate tenth segment and more slender claspers. The pattern of the fore wing is very striking and entirely different from O. maculata. O. hulstaerti Navas and O. janseni Navas have strongly patterned wings but the arrangement of the spots and bands is different. The resemblance in male genital structure of this species and O. maculata to species of Setodellina gives rise to doubts whether the fusion of the cerci with the tenth segment to form a hood is a sufficiently good distinguishing character. In the present species the distinction is by no means clear-cut. Setodellina maculipennis Ulmer GoLD Coast. Volta R., Senchi, 2.viii.1950, 2 d (L. Berner). Dayi R., Kpandu-Hohoe Rd., 17. viii. 1950, 1 9 (L. Berner). Previous distribution. Sudan, Uganda. Ptochoecetis africana Ulmer GoLp Coast. Volta R., Yeji, 14.x.1950, I 3, 1 9 (L. Berner). Previous distribution. Sierra Leone. Setodes baccata sp. n. (Text-figs. 24, 25) UGANDA. Jinja, 9.v—15. viii.1956, 17 g, 7 2 (P. S. Corbet). (In alcohol). Head piceous, with piceous and silvery hairs. Antenna fuscous, annulated with whitish in basal half. Palpi fuscous, with grey pubescence. Thorax dark fuscous above, ochraceous on sides. Legs fuscous, anterior tibia with dense blackish pubescence, base and apex of anterior tarsus with blackish pubescence, intermediate segments whitish. Abdomen ochraceous. Fore wing with dense brownish pubescence, decorated with five conspicuous, iridescent, pearly white patches of hairs, each ringed with dark brown. One is near the base of Cu, one on Rs, one near arculus and two near apex of discoidal cell. Venation fairly typical of genus, in fore wing cells R, and M, reaching anastomosis. $ GENITALIA. Ninth segment short, its dorsal apical margin slightly produced at its centre. Tenth segment fused to ninth, forming a hood, whose lower apical angles are extended in thin spatulate lobes, set on edge. Cerci flattened, triangular in dorsal view. Aedeagus short and stout, concealed, its apex curving downward NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 33 between the bases of the claspers. On the upper surface of the aedeagus near the base is a single blade-like process, directed tailward. Clasper trifid, the two outer branches widely divergent, the upper of these two curving inward, the lower directed tailward, broad in ventral view. The third branch arises from the inner surface at the base. It is triangular in side view, directed upward and tailward. Q GENITALIA. Eighth sternite extended in a subgenital plate, broad and convex at its base, hairy, tapering to a narrow rounded apex. Lateral gonapophyses of BACCATA Fic. 24. Wings of Setodes baccata sp. n. and S. trifida sp. n. ninth segment large, convex, upper apical angle rounded, heavily fringed with hairs, lower angle projecting in a small, rounded, spinose process. Tenth segment fused to ninth, hood-like, bifid. Length of fore wing, 3, 5-5°5 mm. 3 holotype and @ allotype mounted as microscope preparations, paratypes in 2% formaldehyde solution. The pearly spots on the fore wing of this species should make it easily recognizable. The male genitalia are lightly sclerotized and with the rather concealed aedeagus, the male might easily be passed over as a female, as indeed did both Dr. Corbet and myself at first glance. It is quite distinct from the other described African species of Setodes and comes nearest to S. excisa Kimmins. The male genitalia also show considerable resemblance to those of Hemileptocerus gregarius Ulmer, from which it is separated by the narrower wings and pattern of the fore wings. 34 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA Fic. 25. Setodes baccata sp. n. Genitalia. (a), g, lateral; (B), g, ninth and tenth segments, dorsal; (c), g, ninth segment, claspers and aedeagus, ventral; (p), 9, lateral; (E), 2, ventral. Setodes trifida sp. n. (Text-figs. 24, 26) Kenya. Nzoia R., Lwamba Ferry, 19-20.iv.1956, 24 g, 3 9 (P. S. Corbet). (In alcohol). The specimens are much rubbed, but the general colour is ochraceous, eyes reddish black. Antenna rather broadly annulate with fuscous. The fore wing shows traces of fulvous pubescence and a suggestion of numerous hyaline spots Venation much as in S. sguamosa Mosely, but in the fore wing cells R, and R; + My,» with shorter foot-stalks. In hind wing cell R, + M,,, nearly as long as its foot-stalk. d GENITALIA. Ninth segment very short, apical dorsal margin slightly produced in a shallow lobe at its centre, ventral margin not produced. Tenth segment fused to ninth, hooded, tapering to a bilobed apex, and with a setiferous wart on each side NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 35 at base. Aedegus sharply angled downwards, the deflected portion divided into two parallel, narrow lobes. Claspers with their fused bases closing most of the lower half of the ninth segment. From each half of the base arise three distinct branches, the lowest directed tailward, narrow from the side, broader from above, apex narrowed. The median branch is rather foliate, narrow at base and curved inward. From above, its inner margin is serrate and armed with bristles. Between the two median branches are a pair of short, setiferous fingers. The upper branch is long and slender, directed upwards on each side of the tenth segment. Fic. 26. Setodes trifida sp.n. Genitalia. (a), 3, lateral; (B), 3, dorsal ; (c), 9, lateral; (D), 9, ventral. Q GENITALIA. Ninth segment forming a complete sclerotized ring. Dorsal apical margin triangularly produced. Tenth segment forming a broad, rounded plate, appearing as a narrow triangular projection in side view. At its base on each side is a small setiferous wart. Ventral margin of ninth segment with a U-shaped excision at its centre, between two triangular lobes. Lateral gonapophyses each in the shape of two overlapping narrow plates, joined at their lower angles, which are spiny. The inner plate is fringed with hairs. Length of fore wing, 3, 7°5 mm. 36 NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 3 holotype and @ allotype in 2% formaldehyde solution, abdomen of latter mounted as microscope preparation, § paratype mounted as microscope preparation, others in 2% formaldehyde solution. The nearest African relative of this species is S. sguamosa Mosely, from which it differs in the male in having three main branches of the claspers, and in the shorter tenth tergite without long spines. The female differs in the simple tenth tergite, the excised ninth sternite and the different form of the lateral gonapophyses. Trichosetodes lacustris Kimmins Trichosetodes lacustris Kimmins, 1953, Entomologist, 86 : 278. Trichosetodes victoriana Kimmins, 1956, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 108 : 139-140 (Syn. nov.). Further material from Jinja, collected by Dr. Corbet, has shown variation in the ~ number of spines on the outer branch of the tenth segment of the’male (two, one or none, even differing on opposite sides of the same specimen) and in the degree of production of the inner apical angle of the clasper. The degree of variation brings T. victoriana within the limits of 7. lacustris and victoriana must therefore be treated as a synonym. Family LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE Pisulia pinheyi sp. n. (Text-fig. 27) S. RHopEsIA. Chirinda Forest, xi.1955, I ¢. dS (pinned). Eyes hairy. Head piceous on vertex, with a small ochraceous spot between the basal ocelli, face and palpi ochraceous. Antenna short, piceous. Thorax piceous above, ochraceous laterally and beneath. Legs ochraceous, with fuscous pubescence, inner apical spur of posterior tibia glabrous, slightly curved and acute. Abdomen fuscous, slightly paler beneath, anal appendages dull ochraceous. Wings fuscous, with fuscous pubescence, venation as figured. 6 GENITALIA. Seventh sternite triangularly produced at its centre, apex rounded. Ninth segment narrowed above and below. Tenth segment divided into a median and two lateral lobes. Lateral lobes each comprising a digitate process, slightly down-curved, arising from a broadened base, which also carries a setiferous wart and another short process. From above, the digitate process is slightly clavate. The median lobe lies at a lower level between the lateral lobes. It is lightly sclerotized, tapering to an apex with a V-shaped excision. Aedeagus short, with an excised apex. Clasper trifid, the upper branch foliate, its outer lateral margin strongly upcurved and covered with long setae, lower margin longitudinally keeled. From above or below it tapers to a rounded apex. Median branch a little lower but about as long as upper branch, narrower in side view and with an acute apex. From beneath, moderately broad at base and apex, slightly constricted mid-way and obliquely rounded at apex. Lower branch not extending as far as other branches, cylindrical and with an apical tuft of long setae. Length of fore wing, 6-5 mm. NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN TRICHOPTERA 37 3 holotype (with one pair of wings mounted dry, abdomen in glycerine) presented by E. Pinhey, Esq., of the National Museum of S. Rhodesia. This species differs from P. glabra Marlier in venation and in male genitalia. In the fore wing the discoidal cell is relatively narrower, the thyridial cell more elongate and cell Cu,, narrower. In genitalia the lateral lobes of the tenth segment are narrower and more arched in side view, the upper branch of the clasper is more dilated, the median branch differently formed in ventral view and the lower branch much shorter. Fic. 27. Pisulia pinheyi sp.n. 4 Wings (A) and genitalia. (B), lateral ; (c), dorsal; (pD), ventral. I differ slightly from Dr. Marlier in my interpretation of the wing venation, with the result that I consider the forks to be R,, R,, M, and Cu,, in the fore wing (forks I, 2,3 and 5) and forks R, and Cu,, in the hind wing (forks 2 and 5). This difference arises from the probability that the facetic point is always between veins R, and R;,, even if this involves the assumption that at times R, doubles back and fuses with the anterior branch of M for a greater or lesser distance. iS Ay 2 0 DEC 1957 ZB s/ Z 2 Ay OF ENTOM 6, I. a : a. ae et ee aD 2 ae 7 £ 1p - ‘ * r. F ad Se so 7 Se I . = f e ee: c< ss j > oe | =e es 4 re f . ca ‘ é id 4 1 4) ‘ 1s J) " = @ . = ‘ y ‘ ie om P 4 ‘e we rinees " ' ' ' 7 in 7 , aa es i : ae Ab “ ae “a1 ‘a a ; ¢ 7 | 5 5 i i ‘ a i ‘ ' i ri J i i i i a ro awl , t 4 1 . ‘ = - : eM + 4 i 1 F 7 : A ; ‘ id aa Dr ’ 7 ee ft - bl 4 ‘ As t rex rt ew i - = - 7 » it < f e hs a P 7 ty y UI i i j ; ' : ' J 7 7 i Rae od _s ig 5% ; ; i 4 “aie . — wf, = Tab 2° uy - ie pee ar : *: 7 . a e's i ’ . ee te ee be 1 hy - 7 , 7 : 5 ls i i 0 hrm) i 7 th d J d > ~~ oa ad g , , bd - Ph ‘ i in Pi he moe ¥ i “a ; ' : ’ T at 2 ; ; ¥ 3 fen al) eo 5 ¢ ; AT al AS i> a ere * A ’ l eal ati Oe, ar, } : eo 5 * its - 4 \ te, pes, fi, Pat ee as eal * . , Peed < NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA F. G. A. M. SMIT BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 2 LONDON : 1957° NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA BY F. G. A. M. SMIT ~ ot. Pp. 39-76; 75 Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 2 LONDON : 1957 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted im 1949, 1s issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become veady. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 2 of the Entomological series. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued December, 1957 Price Ten Shillings NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA By F. G. A. M. SMIT THE new fleas dealt with in this publication all belong to the family Hystricho- psyllidae. A new subfamily with a new genus and a new species is erected ; seven new species and one new subspecies of Rhadinopsylla, subgenus Actenophthalmus, are described, one species of the same subgenus is redescribed and another is recalled from synonymy and attention is drawn to the taxonomic value of the structure of the metathorax in Rhadinopsylla. Holotypes are in the British Museum (Natural History), unless stated otherwise. Family HYSTRICHOPSYLLIDAE ACEDESTIINAE subfam. nov. Separable from any other Hystrichopsyllidae by the oblique genal ctenidium consisting of four pointed spines, and from all except certain genera of Anomio- psyllinae (Anomiopsyllus, Stenistomera, Eopsylla, Callistopsyllus and Megarthroglossus) by having only one row of setae on the thoracic and abdominal terga (with the partial exception of tergum I in one of the two known representatives). Club of antenna composed of eight or nine segments. Antennal fossa closed. Eye much reduced or vestigial. Labial palp short, consisting of four or five segments. Central tuber absent. Genal ctenidium oblique. Pronotal ctenidium present. Prosternosome without a sinus for the reception of the first link-plate. One dorsal and one subyentral pseudoseta each side under the collar of mesonotum. Inner internal rod of mid and hind coxae short. Inner and outer surfaces of femora without lateral setae. The three nota and terga I (or II) to VII with only one row of setae ; anterior terga each with an inconspicuous subdorsal spinelet each side. Sternum VIII of female with an acute ventro-posterior angle and without setae. The two included genera are both monotypical and only known from the female sex ; they occur in Australia where they are the only representatives of the family Hystrichopsyllidae. The simplified structure of these fleas indicates that they are true nest-fleas, as would be suspected from their apparent rarity. Genus ACEDESTIA Jordan, 1937 Acedestia. Jordan, 1937, Novit. zool. 40: 312. Type species: A. cherva Jordan. Head integricipit, shorter than high. Frontal tubercle small, contained in a pit. No arch of tentorium visible in front of the eye. Maxillary and labial palps short, ENTOM. 6, 2, 2 42 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA the latter five-segmented. Eye reduced. Preantennal and postantennal regions of head each with one row of setae. Antennal club consisting of nine segments. Genal ctenidium composed of four sharply pointed spines. Pronotum short; pronotal ctenidium consisting of sharply pointed spines, the more dorsal of which are far longer than the pronotum. All nota and terga II-VII each with only one row of normal setae, tergum I with an incomplete additional row (as in Pulicidae). Metepi- meron extending far dorsad of its spiracular fossa ; metasternum with a squamulum. A subapical patch of small spiniform setae on inner side of hind coxa. Segment V of all tarsi with four lateral pairs of setae, fore and mid tarsi also with a pair on the planta between the members of the first lateral pair. Spiracles of metepimeron and terga II-VII ovate, subacuminate posteriorly. Female with two antesensilial setae ; sensilium extremely slightly convex dorsally, with about 14 trichobothria each side ; anal stylet long and slender, with a long apical seta and two minute subapical ones. The only known species, A. chera Jordan, occurs in West Australia (Mahogany Creek, Perth) and South Australia (Yorke Peninsula),! and only two females of it have been obtained. Both were collected from members of the marsupial family Peramelidae (bandicoots). IDILLA gen. nov. The following generic description is based on the female sex only. Head markedly fracticipit, longer than high. Frontal tubercle absent. No arch of tentorium in front of the eye, but the basal portion of the tentorial rod present. Maxillary and labial palps short, the latter four-segmented. Eye vestigial. Preantennal region of head with one row of setae and a large additional seta some distance above the eye. Antennal club consisting of eight segments. Postantennal region with one seta obliquely above the antennal scape, the posterior row represented by only one fairly large ventro-marginal seta. Genal ctenidium consisting of four pointed spines. Pronotum very short; pronotal ctenidium present, its spines much longer than the pronotum. All nota and terga I-VII each with only one row of strongly reduced setae. Metepimeron not extending far dorsad of its spiracular fossa ; metasternum without a squamulum; no subapical setae on inner side of hind coxa ; segment V of all tarsi with three lateral pairs of plantar setae and one pair on the planta between the members of the first (basal) pair. Spiracles of metepimeron and terga II-VII circular. Two antesensilial setae. Sensilium distinctly convex dorsally. Anal stylet fairly long, with a short apical seta and two minute subapical ones. Type species: J. caelebs sp. n. 1 Jordan (1937, Novit. zool. 40 : 315) gives the data of the paratype as “‘ Queensland: Yorke Pen., off Parameles gunnei.’’—Yorke Peninsula (not Cape York Peninsula, which is in Queensland) is in South Australia, and the host was presumably misdetermined, since Perameles gunni is known only from eastern Victoria and Tasmania. Dr. G. M. Dunnet, of Canberra, very kindly informed me (a) that, as far as is known, the collector of the paratype (Professor Wood Jones) never collected on the Cape York Peninsula, and (b) that the host will very likely have been Perameles myosura, which is the form of Perameles occurring in South Australia and west to Western Australia, NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 43 Idilla caelebs sp. n. (Text-figs. 1-8) TYPE MATERIAL. Female holotype collected at Colo Vale, near Mittagong, New South Wales, Australia, from Antechinus flavipes, on 2.vi.1954, by A. L. Dyce. Di1aGnosis. This new species is easily recognizable by the shape of the genal and pronotal ctenidia, the fracticipit head, the absence of a pleural arch of the metathorax, the three lateral pairs and one basal plantar pair of setae on all last tarsal segments and the exceptionally strongly reduced chaetotaxy. DESCRIPTION. HEAD (Text-fig. 1). Markedly fracticipit. Frontoclypeal margin smoothly and fairly strongly rounded, without an angle or a frontal tubercle. Oral margin very short. Preoral tuber hardly differentiated from the rest of the frontal incrassation, which is fairly thick and even throughout. Preantennal part of head with one row of four setae, two of which are of moderate length, the other two short and thin ; an additional fairly large seta between the uppermost seta of the row and the vestigial eye. Genal ctenidium oblique, consisting of four sharply pointed spines of which the third is very slightly spatulate. Genal process short, its tip visible below the fourth genal spine. Eye vestigial. Maxillary palp even a little shorter than the labial palp ; the latter consists of only four segments and reaches to about two-fifths the length of the fore coxa. Stipes, laciniae and epipharynx also very short. Antennal club consisting of eight segments, the first two segments apparently being amalgamated ; scape and pedicel each with only one small posterior seta. The tentorial rod is short, only its basal portion being retained, and it does not reach the preantennal part of the head. Interantennal suture and ridge very well developed. Postantennal region of head with only one strongly shortened (hence spiniform in appearance) seta above the antennal pedicel and two minute setae bordering the antennal fossa ; of the usual posterior row of setae only a minute dorsal seta and a normal-sized ventral seta are retained, but the latter seta is most unusually placed, namely marginal and in a small sinus. The true occiput is teat- shaped and extends to the posterior margin of the pronotum. THORAX (Text-figs. 1, 2). Pronotum very short, with one row of six strongly reduced setae on each side. Pronotal ctenidium consisting of 16 spines which are distinctly curved ; the dorsal spines are more than thrice as long as the pronotum anterior to these spines. Mesonotum with one row of four very small setae each side ; with a dorsal and a subventral short pseudoseta under its collar. Mesepister- num with only one subspiniform ventral seta, mesepimeron with three ventral setae, the first of which is marginal and spiniform, the second very long and the third short. Metanotum also with one row of four strongly reduced setae each side, metepisternum with one short seta, its semicircular posterior margin not connecting up dorsally with the lower end of the ventral margin of the metanotum. Metasternum with two fairly stout and short setae and without a squamulum, metepimeron with two setae obliquely below the rounded spiracular fossa and a vertical subventral row of three setae, the lowest of which is the longest. Pleural arch of metathorax absent ; the furca long and narrow and bent backwards. ENTOM. 6, 2, 3§ 44 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA Fics. 1-6. Idilla caelebs gen. n., sp. n. (holotype). 1. Head, prothorax and fore coxa. 2. Mesothorax, metathorax and tergum I. 3. Mid coxa. 4. Hind coxa. 5. Hind tibia. 6. Fifth hind tarsal segment. NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 45 Lecs. Outer surface of the broad fore coxa (Text-fig. 1) with about a dozen very small lateral setae ; mid and hind coxae (Text-figs. 3, 4) without lateral setae on either inner or outer side, but with a few short preapical and apical setae. Outer internal ridge of mid and hind coxae somewhat shorter than the inner internal rod. All femora without lateral setae and the outer of the two dorso-apical setae very short, especially on the fore femur. Tibiae without lateral setae on the anterior longitudinal half (Text-fig. 5) ; fore tibia with five groups of dorso-marginal setae, consisting of 2, 3, 3, 2 and 4 setae respectively, mid tibia with six groups of 2, 2, 2, 3, 2 and 4 setae, and hind tibia (Text-fig. 5) also with six groups, consisting of 2, 2, 2, 4, 2 and 4 setae respectively. Ratio of lengths of tibiae and tarsal segments (petiolate bases omitted) : Tarsal segments fea cat a | Leg Tibia I II III IV V Fore ‘ 41 ‘ 12 13 12 12 28 Mid : 57 : 17 17 15 12 29 Hind : 62 ; 34 25 18 14 30 All tarsal setae are rather short and none of the apical setae of the second hind tarsal segment reaches beyond the apex of the third segment. Fifth segment of all tarsi with only three pairs of lateral plantar setae but with a basal plantar pair between the members of the first lateral pair; the two preapical lateral setae very short and on the distal two-thirds of the planta only a few minute setae (Text-fig. 6). UNMODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS (Text-fig. 7, part). Terga I-VII each with only one row of extremely short setae ; the rows of the two sides of each tergum do not reach the dorsal margin ; on each side of terga I-VI these rows consist of three setae (excluding intercalary setae) ; tergum VII with only two setae each side. Terga I-III each with one subdorsal small marginal spinelet per side. Female with two antesensilial setae on a very short pedestal, the upper seta two-fifths the length of the lower. Spiracular fossa of terga II-VII rounded and situated a little above the lowest seta of the row. Basal sternum without lateral setae and with only one ventral seta each side ; sterna IIIJ-VI each with a very short subventral row of three smallish setae per side. MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA OF FEMALE (Text-figs. 7, 8). Posterior margin of sternum VII forming a subventral lobe with a convex upper and a short and slightly concave lower margin ; with only two setae, one near and one at the ventral margin. Spiracular fossa of tergum VIII large, its dorsal half much wider than the ventral half; posterior margin of tergum VIII with two groups of two setae each ; six slender genital setae on the inner side of the apical portion of tergum VIII. Sternum VIII rather high, with an acute ventro-posterior angle and without setae. Sensilium dorsally distinctly convex. Anal stylet nearly thrice as long as its maximum width, with a strongly oblique apex and one fairly long and two minute apical setae. Anal segment pyriform, as in Text-fig. 8, with relatively few but long and slender setae. Spermatheca with a narrow bulga and a shorter and narrower hilla ; there are only a few indications of some ventral internal striae NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 46 7. Abdominal segments V-VIII and , anal segment, sternum VIII and genitalia. Fics. 7, 8. Idilla caelebs gen. n., sp. n. (holotype). 8. Sensilium spermatheca. NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 47 at the place where the bulga merges into the hilla. Ductus spermathecae and ductus bursae rather short; the bursa copulatrix is poorly preserved and the junction of the ductus spermathecae with the bursa is invisible ; there is no trace of a ductus obturatus. LENGTH. 9 14mm. REMARK. After the figures had been drawn the specimen was remounted in order to make certain details more clearly visible. Asa result the position of certain structures, e.g. the mouthparts, prosternosome and fore coxa are now slightly different from those shown in the figures. Subfamily RHADINOPS YLLINAE Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesoides sp. n. (Text-figs. 9, II, 13) ”? Rhadinopsylla ‘‘ mesa Jord.”” Jordan, 1938, Novit. zool. 41: 110. TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype from near the Gave [ = mountain stream] d’Ossone, above Gavarnie, Hautes-Pyrénées, France, 1460 m., Talpa europaea [accidentally ; true host Pitymys savii pyrenaicus], 13.vil.1936, K. Jordan. Diacnosis. The new species is related to Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesa Jordan & Rothschild, but readily distinguishable from the latter by having five narrow genal spines instead of six broader ones. The movable process of the clasper is also much narrower in the new species. DESCRIPTION. HEAD (Text-fig. 9). Frontal tubercle well developed. Sub- marginal frontal row with six setae; in R. mesa (Text-fig. 10) this number varies from five to six. Between this row and the genal ctenidium two long setae and several scattered minute setae. Genal ctenidium of five narrow sharply-pointed spines, the uppermost of which reaches to about three-fifths the dorsal length of its neighbour. In R. mesa this ctenidium consists of six (in two of the II specimens examined there are five spines on one side of the head) much broader and blunter spines, and the uppermost is basally distinctly broader than its neighbour. The five-segmented labial palp does not quite reach the apex of the fore coxa. THORAX. Pronotum ventrally nearly twice as long as dorsally, with a main row of five setae per side, the lower of which being situated anterior to the midline of the notum (Text-fig. 9) ; in R. mesa the pronotum is ventrally less long. Pronotal ctenidium with 21 spines, the more ventral of which decrease progressively and considerably in size ; in R. mesa the number of pronotal spines, which are blunter, varies from 21-22, only in one male the number is 20. Mesonotum with a main row of five setae each side, mesosternosome with four setae; metanotum with a main row of five setae per side, metepisternum with three setae, metasternum with one and metepimeron with five setae. Metathorax as in R. mesa (Text-fig. 66), with 1 The specimen was obtained on a mole, but this is almost certainly accidental. Jordan (1938 : 108) records obtaining Pitymys savii pyrenaicus at the same place and altitude and notes that one of them was trapped ina mole-run. There can be but little doubt that the Pitymys is the true host. 48 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA a long suture along the dorso-anterior margin of the metepimeron extending down- wards to about the middle of the metepisternum. Lecs. Hind tibia without setae on the inner side. Longest apical seta of the second hind tarsal segment not quite reaching to the apex of the third segment (in i l2 1 ae $ Fics. 9, 11. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesoides sp. n. (holotype). 9. Head and prothorax. 11. Sternum VIII. Figs. 10, 12. Rhadinopsylia (Actenophthalmus) mesa J. & R. (Steingletscher, B.O., Switzerland). 10. Preantennal part of head, ¢. 12. Sternum VIII, ¢. R. mesa well beyond this apex). Fifth segment of all tarsi with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. UNMODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS. Numbers of setae per side in the main row of terga I-VII: 4, 6, 6, 6,6, 6,5; only one seta below the spiracle on terga ITI-VI. Numbers of spinelets at each side of the posterior margin of terga I-VI: 2, 3, 3, 2 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA Fic. 13. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesoides sp. n. (holotype). Clasper and sternum IX. Fig. 14. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesa J. & R. (Steingletscher, B.O., Switzerland). Clasper and sternum IX. 49 50 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA or 3, I or 2, 1. Numbers of setae per side on sterna II-VII: 0, 3 or 4, 3, 3, 3, 2 or 3. MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA OF MALE (Text-figs. 11, 13). Tergum VIII without setae. Posterior margin of sternum VIII broadly but not very strongly rounded (Text-fig. 11) ; in R. mesa (Text-fig. 12) this margin forms a more distinct bulge and in the latter species the setae are placed farther away from the posterior margin. Clasper (Text-fig. 13), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, about two and a half times as long as the movable process ; fixed process of clasper with a less acute dorso-posterior angle than in R. mesa (Text-fig. 13, cf. Text-fig. 14), and the manubrium is markedly longer than in the latter species ; the acetabular seta is placed below the lower end of the movable process. Movable process narrow, of equal width from base to near apex, only slightly curved; the fovea is situated a little above the middle of the anterior margin, in R. mesa a little below the middle. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 13) more or less as that of R. mesa (Text-fig. 14), but relatively shorter and more setose. Sensilium with 12 trichobothria each side; this is also the usual number in R. mesa. The phallosome, which is so inconveniently uniform in the genus, does not differ much from that of R. mesa; only its overall length is less than that of R. mesa and the dorsal wall of the aedeagal inner tube is thinner. LENGTH. ¢ nearly 24 mm. (R. mesa 3 2-23 mm.). Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacantha continentalis subsp. n. (Text-figs. 15, 68) Rectofrontia isacanthus Roths. Smit, 1950, Ent. Ber. 13 : 63, fig. 1. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacanthus (Rothschild) (part). Smit, 1954, Danm. Fauna, 60 : 50, figs. 46, 53, 54; Smit, 1957, Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins. 1 (16) : 34, 35, figs. 55, 62, 63. The figure of the clasper in these two publications were made from a specimen from Buré d’Orval, France (now a paratype of R. (A.) i. continentalis) and those of the head and segment VII of the female from a specimen from Wageningen, Netherlands, since until a recent donation by Mr. R. B. Freeman there were only a few specimens from England in the Tring collection and these were not well mounted and not ideal for drawing purposes. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacantha (Rothschild). Smit, 1957, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 10: fig. rr. TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype and 4 3, 8 2 paratypes from Buré d’Orval, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France, from nests of Clethrionomys glareolus (except for 1 9 collected off a specimen of C. glareolus, and 3 2 from “‘ nest of mice ’’), holotype and allotype collected on 3.i.1934, paratypes: I g, 1 9, 2.i1.1934; 1 4, 2 9, 3-1.1934; 19, 6.i1.1934; Ig, IQ, 31.i1.1934; 3 2, 29.11.1934; I f14.iv.1934; all collected by H. Heim de Balzac. DESCRIPTION. The new species only differs in the male from the nominate form, which is only known from England, by having a much shorter movable process of the clasper which consequently does not reach the apex of the fixed process, and by the distal arm of sternum IX being relatively slightly narrower (Text-fig. 15, cf. Text-fig. 16). NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA Fic. 15. Rhadinopsylia (Actenophthalmus) isacantha continentalis ssp. n. (holotype). Clasper and sternum IX. Fig. 16. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacantha isacan- tha (Rothschild) (Compton, Berkshire, England). Clasper and sternum IX. ENTOM. 6, 2. 388 51 52 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA LENGTH. ¢ 2-2} mm., 2 2}-2? mm. (same as nominate subspecies). REMARKS. Text-fig. 16 was drawn from a specimen which had hardly been cleared or flattened ; Text-fig. 17 represents the clasper of the same specimen, but after treatment with caustic potash and consequent greater flattening—in this remounted specimen the movable process appears to be shorter than it was before, but this is only due to a slight moving downwards of the process ; also the position of the acetabular portion of the movable process has changed in relation to the main part of the process. This illustrates clearly the desirability always to clear and mount fleas in a similar way, and when observing minor discrepancies between uncleared mounted and cleared mounted fleas of a certain form one should bear in mind that the differences may be more apparent than real. Fic. 17. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) tsacantha tsacantha (Rothschild) (Compton, Berkshire, England). Clasper. The great rarity of this winter flea of voles is evident from the fact that the Tring collection contains only the type series of the new subspecies, and a sole female from The Netherlands, while Professor F. Peus informs me that he has not yet succeeded in collecting R. tsacantha in Germany ; of the nominate subspecies there are only 12 specimens in the Tring collection. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) strouhali sp. n. (Text-figs. 18, 20, 21) Rhadinopsylla (Rectofrontia) ‘‘ isacanthus Roths.”” Wagner, 1936, Konowia, 15 : 98, 1o1. Rhadinopsylia (Actenophthalmus) ‘‘ isacantha (Rothschild) ’”’. Smit, 1955, Cat. Faun. Ausir. XITXzZ : 2. TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype from Moosbrunn, Lower Austria, from a nest of Talpa europaea, 1.iii.1927, M. Beier and H. Strouhal; in the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna. . NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 53 Dr1acnosis. The new species appears to be related to R. isacantha and differs from the latter by having a broader uppermost spine of the genal ctenidium, a shorter clasper and a truncate apex of the distal arm of sternum IX of the male. Female as yet unknown. , DESCRIPTION. The uppermost of the five genal spines is distinctly broader than its neighbour and its apex reaches to about two-thirds the length of the latter spine al 22 $ Fics. 18, 20, 21. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) strouhali sp. n. (holotype). 18. Pre- antennal part of head. 20, Clasper and sternum IX. 21. Sternum VIII. Figs. 19, 22. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacantha isacantha (Rothschild), ¢ (Compton, Berkshire, England). 19. Preantennal part of head. 22. Sternum VIII. 54 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA (Text-fig. 18, cf. Text-fig. 19). The five-segmented labial palp is rather short and reaches to about two-thirds the length of the fore coxa. Pronotal ctenidium con- sisting of 23 spines. Metathorax virtually the same as that of R. isacantha (see Text-fig. 68). One seta on the inner side of the hind tibia. The longest apical spine of the second hind tarsal segment reaches to about the apex of the third seg- ment. Last tarsal segment of all legs with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. Only one seta below the spiracle on terga III-VI. Number of marginal spinelets per side on terga I-VI, 3: 3 or 4, 3 or 4, 4, 3, 2 or 3, I or 3 respectively. Sensilium with 12 trichobothria each side. Modified abdominal segments of male (Text-figs. 20, 21). Tergum VIII without setae. The row of four strong setae on sternum VIII (Text-fig. 21) is placed rather distantly from the convex posterior margin; in R. isacantha the posterior margin of sternum VIII below the angle is concave (Text-fig. 22). Clasper (Text-fig. 20, cf. Text-figs. 15, 16), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, a little over twice as long as the movable process. Fovea of movable process situated in the apical portion of the process. Manubrium rather short. Acetabular seta placed well above the ventro-posterior angle of the clasper. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 20, cf. Text-figs. 15, 16) about thrice as long as broad, with a markedly truncate apical margin which meets the dorsal margin at about a right angle; the distal arm bears relatively few setae. LENGTH. ¢ 14mm. Remarks. The occurrence of the specimen described above in the nest of Talpa europaea is doubtless accidental ; the true host is presumably a microtine rodent. I have pleasure in naming this new species after Professor H. Strouhal, Director of the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, whose unstinted efforts in obtaining material of fleas for the preparation of the flea-list in the Catalogus Faunae Austriae greatly increased our knowledge of the flea-fauna of his country, and who was one of the two collectors of the holotype. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) pitymydis (Zavattari), 1914 (species revo- cata) Neopsylla pitymydis. Zavattari, 1914, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Genova, 46: 144, fig. (Cascinelle, Borzoli, Liguria, from Pitymys savii and Pitymys subterraneus multiplex). Neopsylla pitymydis Zavattari. Jordan, 1921, Ectoparasites, 1: 141 (considered a synonym of Rhadinopsylla isacanthus). Since I found that records of R. isacantha from Austria and Yugoslavia refer to misdetermined specimens of respectively R. strouhali and R. dolomydis, and that R. tsacantha proved to consist of two subspecies which are only known from England, Holland and northern France, the suggested synonymy of R. pitymydis with R. tsacantha is now very doubtful, and I regard R. pitymydis as a good species. Dr. C. Conci, of Genoa, very kindly searched for the r g 1 2 syntypes (no other specimens being known) of Zavattari’s species, but unfortunately they appear to have been lost. Zavattari’s description and figure are very unsatisfactory, but the drawing shows a definite widening of the apex of the distal arm of sternum NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 55 IX; in R. isacantha this apex is never widened. Jordan (1921) examined the male syntype of pitymydis and commented on the greater width of the apex of sternum IX as compared with British specimens of R. isacantha. Zavattari’s figure shows that the body of the clasper of R. pitymydis is broader and blunter than that of R. tsacantha, but the drawing is very sketchy and may not be wholly correct ; Jordan did not remark on any differences in the clasper. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) orama sp. n. (Text-figs. 23-28, 75) Rectofrontia “ fraterna (Baker) ’’. Fox, 1940, Fleas eastern United States : 38, 39, Pl. X, fig. 47 (Kensington, Maryland). MATERIAL EXAMINED. From the collection of Lt.-Col. R. Traub: Male holotype and female allotype, Jonesville area, Lee Co., Virginia, U.S.A., from a nest of Microtus pennsylvanicus, 25.xi1.1947, D. W. Pfitzer; 1 2 paratype, Covington, Virginia, from nest of Neotoma magister, 14.xi.1951, V. J. Tipton and J. J. O’Keefe (this specimen has been kindly presented by Lt.-Col. Traub to the Tring collection) ; I 2 paratype, Giant City State Park, Illinois, from debris, 6.iii.1945, H. Ross and M. Sanderson. From the U.S. National Museum collection : 1 $ paratype, Kensing- ton, Maryland, from Microtus pennsylvanicus, 22.11.1924, H.S. Barber ; 1 9 paratype Glen Mills, Delaware Co., Pennsylvania, from Blarina brevicauda talpoides, 28 .i.1948, F. Harper; 1 g paratype, U. T. farm, deciduous wood near orchard, Knox Co., Tennessee, 7.i1i.1947, Pitymys pinetorum, D. W. Pfitzer (this specimen has been donated to the Tring collection by the U.S.N.M.). On Lt.-Col. Traub’s request the holotype and allotype have been deposited in the U.S. National Museum collection, Washington D.C. Diacnosis. The new species is easily distinguishable, apart from the small size, from other North American representatives of the genus in the male by the distinct widening of the apical half of the distal arm of sternum IX, and in the female by the shape and striation of the spermatheca and the presence of one or two strong setae anterior to the widened part of the spiracular fossa of tergum VIII. The structure of the metathorax also forms a useful diagnostic character, and the number of marginal spinelets on terga I-VI is greater than in related North American species. DESCRIPTION. Genal ctenidium normally consisting of five spines (in one male and one female there are only four spines on one side of the head), the uppermost of which is basally not very much broader than the neighbouring spine and its tip reaches to two-thirds the length of the latter spine (Text-figs. 23, 24). The five- segmented labial palp reaches to about four-fifths the length of the fore coxa. Pronotal ctenidium usually consisting of 20 or 21 relatively short spines (in one female 22, in another 24 spines). Metanotum without a vertical sclerotized ridge underlying the main row of setae and with a very short pale suture between the ventral margin of the collar and the dorso-anterior margin of the metepimeron (Text-fig. 75). There are no setae on the inner side of the hind tibia. The longest apical seta of the second hind tarsal segment reaches at most to the middle of the 56 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SITPHONAPTERA Fics. 23-28. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) ovama sp. n. 23. Preantennal part of 24. Preantennal part of head (allotype). 25. Clasper and sternum head (holotype). IX (holotype). (paratype, Illinois). 26. Sternum VIII (holotype). 27. Dorsal part of tergum VIII, 9 28. Segment VII and spermatheca (allotype). NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 57 fourth segment. Last tarsal segment of all legs with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. Only one seta below the spiracular fossa on terga III-VI. Number of marginal spinelets on terga I-VI, 3: 3 (4), 4 (5), 3 or 4, 2 or 3, 2 or 3, 2 0r3; @: 3 (2), 4 (2), 3 or 4, 2 or 3, 2, Tor 2. Sensilium with 12 trichobothria each side. Mate. Tergum VIII without setae. Sternum VIII (Text-fig. 26) with a rounded posterior margin and only three setae each side; these setae are situated quite distantly from the posterior margin. Clasper (Text-fig. 25), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, thrice as long as the movable process. The faintly marked angle in the anterior margin of the movable process (at level with the most ventral point of the fovea) is situated at three-sevenths the length from the apex of the movable process. One fairly long acetabular seta at level of, or a little above, the ventral end of the movable process. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 25) markedly widened in its apical half, its setae not very long ; the apical margin forms a right angle with the dorsal margin of the arm. FEMALE. Posterior margin of tergum VII as in Text-fig. 28 ; posterior margin of sternum VII with a rather small subventral sinus, above which a broadly rounded lobe ; the sternum with a row of only 3 or 4 setae per side (Text-fig. 28). Tergum VIII (Text-fig. 27) with a row of 2 or 3 setae below the large spiracular fossa, and one or two in front of the fossa; the latter is large but its tubular part is short (Text-fig. 27). Anal stylet about four times as long as its maximum width. Ductus bursae a little shorter than the fifth (uppermost) genal spine. Spermatheca with a wide bulga and only a rather narrow band of internal striations (Text-fig. 28). LENGTH. ¢ 14 mm., 9 14-2 mm. REMARK. This species appears to be a winter flea and restricted geographically to the eastern United States ; microtine rodents are very likely the true hosts. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) fraterna (Baker), 1895 (Text-figs. 29-33, 48, 60) Typhlopsylla fraterna. Baker, 1895, Canad. Ent. 27 : 189, 190 (Brookings, South Dakota, host not recorded). Ctenophthalmus fraternus Baker. Baker, 1904, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 27 : 420, 423, 450. Typhlopsylla fraterna Baker. Rothschild, 1913, Entomologist, 46: 297 (referred to Rhadino- psylla). Neopsylla hamiltoni. Dunn, 1923, in Dunn & Parker, Publ. Hlth Rep., Wash. 38 : 2770, 2775 (Spoon Creek, southwest of Darby, Montana, from Neotoma cinerea). Rhadinopsylla fraternus Baker. Jordan, 1929, Novit. zool. 35 : 184. Rectofrontia fraternus Bak. Wagner, 1936, Canad. Ent. 68 : 203. Rectofrontia fraterna Baker. Jordan, 1937, Novit. zool. 40:270 (N. hamiltoni placed as a synonym). Rectofrontia fraterna (Baker). Ewing & Fox, 1943, (part) Misc. Publ. U.S. Dep. Agric. (500) : 80, fig. 9D. Rectofyontia fraterna (Baker). Hubbard, 1947, (part) Fleas western N. America : 355, fig. 218. Rectofrontia fraterna (Baker). Holland, 1949, (part) Siphonaptera of Canada : 91, figs. 97-99, map II. Rhadinopsylla (Rectofrontia) fraterna (Baker). Morlan & Prince, 1955, Texas Rep. Biol. Med, 12 : 1045, fig. 3. 58 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA MATERIAL EXAMINED. From the collection of the U.S. National Museum: 1 4, Grand Forks, North Dakota, from Citellus sp., 20.v.1937, J. M. Davis; 1 9, Kremling, Colorado, from Wyoming ground squirrel (= Citellus richardson elegans), 13.iv.1939, N. B. Migutoff ; 1 g, Hanna, Alberta, Canada, from Citellus richardsoni, I.vi.1939, G. P. Holland; 1 9, High River, Alberta, from Citellus richardsoni, 28. viii.1938, G. P. Holland.—From the collection of the Tring Museum: 1 4, Ravalli Co., Montana, from Neotoma cinerea, 10.iii.1934, R. R. Parker; 1 Q, Ravalli Co., Montana, from Citellus columbianus, 23.vi.1932, R. R. Parker; 6 ¢, 6 9, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, from Citellus richardsont, 12.iv.1g01, G. F. Dippie ; I 9, Calgary, Alberta, from Mustela frenata longicauda, 12.iv.1901, G. F. Dippie ; 2 6, 89, Calgary, Alberta, from Citellus richardsont, 11.iv.1907, G. F. Dippie; 1 9, Calgary, Alberta, from Cuztellus richardsoni, 17.iv.1907, G. F. Dippie; 2 dg, 2 9, Calgary, Alberta, from Mustela frenata longicauda, 1910, G. F. Dippie; 2 4, 2 9, Calgary, Alberta, from Mustela sp., 20.viii.1913, Mackay and G. F. Dippie: 2 4, 3 9, Alberta, from Mustela frenata longicauda, 21.ix.1900, G. F. Dippie; 1 g, Alberta, from Thomomys sp., 1906, A. D. Gregson ; 1 9, Alberta, from Mustela sp. ; I 9, Canadian National Park, Alberta, from Ochotona princeps, 26.viii.1899, G. F. Dippie; 2 3g, 2 2, Blackfalds, Alberta, from Thomomys sp., 1910, A. D. Gregson ; t 9, Red Deer, Alberta, from Microtus drummondi, G. F. Dippie; 1 9, Park Co., Wyoming, from Cynomys leucurus, 20.vii.1940; I 9, Jackson Co., Colorado, from Cynomys leucurus, 20.vii.1940 ; I 9, Jackson Co., Colorado, from Cynomys leucurus, 15. vii. 1937, F. M. Prince. DiaGnosis. The male differs from related North American species by having a seta on tergum VIII and by details of the modified segments ; both sexes usually “possess two setae below the spiracle on several terga, while the other species des- cribed here have only one such seta. The female may be distinguished from that of other North American species by the fairly small size of the expanded part and of the tubular portion of the spiracular fossa of tergum VIII. REDESCRIPTION. Genal ctenidium (Text-figs. 29, 30) consisting of five (occa- sionally six) spines, the upper of which is basally much broader than the lower four and reaches to about two-thirds the length of its neighbour. The five-segmented labial palp does not quite reach the apex of the fore coxa. The number of spines in the pronotal ctenidium varies from 21 to 27, the usual number being 24. Metano- tum with a dorsal remnant of the vertical sclerotized ridge; the suture between the ventral margin of the collar and the dorso-anterior margin of the metepimeron is fairly long (Text-fig. 60). Usually two setae on the inner side of the hind tibia. The apex of the longest apical seta of the second hind tarsal segment does not reach the apex of the fourth segment, but usually to about the middle of the fourth segment or a little beyond. Fifth segment of all tarsi with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. Usually two setae below the spiracular fossa on terga [II-VI in either sex. Number of marginal spinelets on terga I-VI, J: 3 (2-4), 2 or 3 (1-4), 2 (1-4), 2 (I-3), I or 2 (3), 0 (1); Q: 3 (2-4), 2 or 3 (1-4), 2 (1), I or 2, I, 0 (1) respectively. The upper of the two antesensilials in the female is a little longer than the lower; the margin of tergum VII below these setae forms about a right angle (Text-fig. 33). Sensilium apparently with 14 trichobothria each side in both sexes, NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 32 Fics 29-33. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) fraterna (Baker) (Ravalli Co., Montana). 29. Preantennal part of head, ¢. sternum IX. 32. Sternum VIII. 30. Preantennal part of head, 9. 31. Clasper and 33. Abdominal segment VII and spermatheca, 59 60 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA Male (Text-figs. 31, 32). Tergum VIII normally with one longish seta below the level of the spiracular fossa. Sternum VIII (Text-fig. 32) rather variable, with 5-8 long setae. Clasper (Text-fig. 31), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, a little over twice as long as the movable process. Fovea of movable process situated at about one-fourth the length of the anterior margin from the apex. Manubrium not very long. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 31) with a straight apical margin which forms about a right angle with the dorsal margin. Female (Text-figs. 33, 48). Posterior margin of sternum VII (Text-fig. 33) with a fairly large ventral sinus; the sternum with 5-10 setae each side. Tergum VIII (Text-fig. 48) without setae anterior to the expansion of the spiracular fossa, but with a row of 3-6 setae below the spiracle. Anal stylet about four times as long as broad. Spermatheca as in Text-fig. 33. LENGTH. 4 2-24mm.; 2 2-3 mm. REMARK. This species is obviously a parasite of ground squirrels. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) arborea sp. n. (Text-figs. 34-38, 50) TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype and 10 J, 18 9 paratypes from Red Deer River, Canadian Rocky Mountains, from Tamiasciurus hudsonicus baileyi, 1907, A. D. Gregson. Diacnosis. Differing from related species by the greater relative height of the genal ctenidium ; the male differs from R. fraterna by the absence of a seta on tergum VIII, from R. orama and R. media by having a lateral seta on the inner side of the hind tibia and from R. difficilis and R. linta by the structure of the modified segments. The female may be distinguished from that of related species by the high genal ctenidium and the long tubular portion of the spiracular fossa of tergum VIII. DESCRIPTION. Genal ctenidium of five spines which do not touch each other at their bases; the height of the ctenidium is greater than in related species; the apex of the uppermost genal spine reaches to about two-thirds the length of the following spine (Text-figs. 34, 35). The five-segmented labial palp reaches to about four-fifths the length of the fore coxa. Pronotal ctenidium consisting of 22 spines (varying from 21 to 23). Metathorax of the fraterna type (see Text-fig. 60). Hind tibia with one lateral seta on the inner side. The longest apical seta of the second hind tarsal segment usually reaches to about the middle of the fourth segment. Fifth segment of all tarsi with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. Only one seta below the spiracular fossa on terga III-VI. Number of marginal spinelets on terga I-VI, $3: 2 or 3 (1), I or 2 (3), I or 2 (3), I (2), I (0), 0 (1); 2: 3 (2), 2 or 3 (1-4), I or 2 (3), I (2), I (0), 0 (I) respectively. Margin of tergum VII of the female below the two antesensilial setae distinctly concave (Text-fig. 38) ; the upper of these two setae is as long as or slightly longer than the lower. Male (Text-figs. 36, 37). Tergum VIII without setae. Sternum VIII (Text-fig. 37) forming a broadly rounded lobe, with 4-7 long setae. Clasper (Text-fig. 36), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, a little over twice as long NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA Fics. 34-38. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) arborea sp. n. (Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada). 34. Preantennal part of head (holotype). 35. Preantennal part of head (allotype). 36. Clasper and sternum IX (holotype). 37. Sternum VIII (holotype). 38. Abdominal segment VII and spermatheca (paratype). 61 62 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA as the movable process. FFovea of the movable process at about the middle of the anterior margin of the process. Manubrium short. The very short acetabular seta is situated near the ventral end of the movable process. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 36) with a very oblique apical margin. Female (Text-figs. 38, 50). Posterior margin of sternum VII with a ventral sinus, above which a well-developed rounded lobe; with 4 or 5 setae each side (Text-fig. 38). A vertical row of 3 or 4 setae below the spiracular fossa of tergum VIII; the apical expansion of the fossa is rather small, but the tubular portion is long (Text-fig. 50). Anal stylet about thrice as long as its maximum width. Spermatheca as in Text-fig. 38. LENGTH. ¢ 2-24 mm., 9 2}-3 mm. REMARK. The occurrence of the representatives of this new species on a tree- squirrel is most unexpected since no other species of the genus occur on arboreal hosts ; in view of the fact that it is so abundantly different from the ground-squirrel species R. fraterna, the tree-squirrel may indeed be the true host for R. arborea—it is worth noting that a long series was collected from (presumably the nest of) that host. } Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) media sp. n. (Text-figs. 39, 40) TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype and two ¢ paratypes from Mingan, Quebec, Canada, from Clethrionomys gapperit proteus, 31.x.1947, R. Traub. Holotype in the U.S. National Museum, one paratype in the collection of Lt.-Col. R. Traub, one paratype in the Tring collection. Diacnosis. The male of this new species differs from that of related forms by the combination of the fovea of the movable process of the clasper being situated at about the middle of the anterior margin of the process and the rounded-off apex of the distal arm of sternum IX. Female not known. DESCRIPTION. Genal ctenidium of the fraterna type, consisting of five spines, the apex of the uppermost spine reaching to about three-fifths the length of the fourth spine. The five-segmented labial palp reaches nearly to the apex of the fore coxa. Pronotal ctenidium with 21-22 spines. Metathorax of the fraterna type (see Text-fig. 60). No lateral setae on the inner side of the hind tibia. Longest apical seta of the second hind tarsal segment reaching only a little beyond the apex of the third segment. Fifth segment of all tarsi with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. One seta below the spiracular fossa on terga III-VI. Numbers of marginal spinelets on terga I-VI, g: 2 or 3, 2, 2, 2 (1), I or 2, I (0) respectively. Sensilium with apparently 12 trichobothria per side. Male. Tergum VIII without setae. Posterior margin of sternum VIII (Text- fig. 40) forming a projecting lobe ; the sternum normally with five long setae each side. Clasper (Text-fig. 39), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, a little over twice as long as the movable process. Angle of anterior margin of movable process situated a little below the middle of the margin, the fovea being NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 63 at about the middle of the anterior margin. Manubrium fairly slender, but in one specimen somewhat shorter than in the specimen drawn. The acetabular seta is placed well above the level of the ventral margin of the movable process. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 39) only a little widening towards the apex, which bears Fics. 39, 40. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) media sp. n. (holotype). 39. Clasper and sternum IX. 40. Sternum VIII. rather few setae ; the apical margin of this arm is smoothly rounded. LENGTH. ¢ 2-2} mm. REMARK. In the Rothschild collection are a few specimens from Alberta and British Columbia (Kicking Horse Canyon) which agree fairly well with the Mingan males, but in view of geographical considerations I refrain as yet from identifying these west Canadian specimens as belonging to R. media. 64 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA Fics. 41-43. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) difficilis sp.n. 41. Clasper and sternum IX (holotype). 42. Sternum VIII (holotype). 43. Abdominal segment VII and spermatheca (allotype). NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 65 Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) difficilis sp. n. (Figs. 41-43, 47) TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype and one female paratype from Kelowna, British Columbia, from Mustela sp., collected on 24.xii.1919 (holotype) and xii.1922-1.1923 (allotype and paratype) by A. Tate; 1 2 paratype, Cedar Creek, Upper Columbia Valley, from Putorius cicognani, 26.v.1g10, W. Wenmann. Diacnosis. The male can be distinguished from that of related forms by the structure of the modified abdominal segments ; the female resembles that of R. fraterna, but it has only one seta below the spiracle of terga III—-VI and the spiracular fossa of tergum VIII is somewhat larger. DESCRIPTION. Genal ctenidium consisting of five spines, the uppermost of which is basally distinctly broader than the other four spines and its apex reaches to about two-thirds or five-eighths the length of the neighbouring spine. The five- segmented labial palp reaches to about three-fourths the length of the fore coxa. Pronotal ctenidium with 21 spines in the single available male, 21 to 23 in the female. Metathorax of the fraterna type (see Text-fig. 60). Hind tibia with or without a seta on the inner side. Longest apical seta of the second hind tarsal segment reaching to a little beyond the middle of the fourth segment. Fifth segment of all tarsi with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. One seta below the spiracular fossa in terga III-VI. Numbers of marginal spinelets on terga I-VI, $: 2 or 3, 2, I or 2,1,1,0; 9: 2 or 3, 2-4, I or 2, I or 2, I, 0 (1) respectively. Tergum VII of female as in Text-fig. 43. Male. Tergum VIII without setae. Posterior margin of sternum VIII (Text- fig. 42) very broadly rounded, the sternum with 5-8 long setae per side. Clasper (Text-fig. 41), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, two and a half times as long as the movable process. Fovea situated at the middle of the anterior margin of the movable process, the latter rather broad and short. The acetabular seta is placed at the level of the lower end of the movable process. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 41) about thrice as long as wide, with a fairly oblique apex. Female. Posterior margin of sternum VII with a large ventral sinus ; the sternum has a row of 4-6 setae each side (Text-fig. 43). A row of 3-4 setae below the spiracu- lar fossa of tergum VIII, the fossa rather large (Text-fig. 47). Anal stylet about four times as long as broad. Spermatheca as in Text-fig. 43. LENGTH. 3g 1? mm., 2 24} mm. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) linta sp. n. (Text-figs. 44-46, 49) TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype and one female paratype from Atlin, British Columbia, from Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni (holotype) and Neotoma cinerea saxamans, 1933, H. S. Swarth. Diacnosis. The male differs from that of related species with no setae on tergum 66 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA Fics. 44-46. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) linta sp. n. 44. Clasper and sternum IX (holotype). 45. Sternum VIII (holotype). 46. Abdominal segment VII and spermatheca (allotype). NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 67 VIII by the shape of sternum VIII, movable process and sternum IX ; the female may not be easily distinguishable from that of related species. DESCRIPTION. The upper of the five genal spines (in one female six on both sides) is basally broader than the other four spines and its apex reaches to about two-thirds the length of the neighbouring spine. The five-segmented labial palp reaches to about three-fourths the length of the fore coxa in the male, and to near 49 5O $ Fics. 47-50. Dorsal part of tergum VIII, 9, of: 47. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) difficilis sp. n. (paratype). 48. R. (A.) fraterna (Baker) (Montana). R. (A.) linta sp. n. (allotype). 50. R. (A.) arborea sp. n. (allotype). the apex of the fore coxa in the female. Pronotal ctenidium consisting of 22-23 spines. Metathorax of the fraterna type (see Text-fig. 60). One or two setae on the inner side of the hind tibia. Longest apical seta of the second hind tarsal segment reaching to the middle of the fourth segment. Fifth segment of all tarsi with four pairs of lateral plantar setae. One seta below the spiracular fossa on terga III-VI. Numbers of marginal spinelets on terga I-VI, 3: 2 or 3, 2, 1, I or 2, I,1; 2: 3 or 4, 2 (3), 2, I (2), I (0), o (1) respectively. Tergum VII of the female as in Text-fig. 46. Sensilium with 12 trichobothria each side. 68 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA Male. Tergum VIII without setae. Sternum VIII (Text-fig. 45) with six setae each side and a rounded posterior margin. Clasper (Text-fig. 44), measured from tip of manubrium to apex of fixed process, twice as long as the movable process. Angle of anterior margin of movable process placed a little above the middle of this margin. Manubrium fairly long. No trace of an acetabular seta could be found in the male, but this is no doubt an abnormality. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text- fig. 44) distinctly and gradually narrowing towards the oblique apex. Female. Posterior margin of sternum VII with a fairly large ventral sinus ; the sternum with 7-11 setae each side (Text-fig. 46). In one female (Text-fig. 49) there are 2 or 3 setae below the spiracle of tergum VIII, in the other 7 (this may be ab- normal). Apical expansion of the spiracular fossa of tergum VIII very small (Text-fig. 49). Anal stylet four times as long as broad. Spermatheca as in Text- fig. 46. LENGTH. 4 24} mm., 2 24-3 mm. The Taxonomic Value of the Metathorax in RHADINOPSYLLA In general little use has been made of the structure of the metathorax of fleas for taxonomic purposes. Admittedly, in a number of genera the metathorax appears to be rather uniform in structure in all the members of a particular genus, but the members of Rhadinopsylla demonstrate a great variety in this segment, serving as an important aid in the identification of these fleas which on the whole are not easy to identify. The metathorax is practically not sexually dimorphic. The main points of taxonomic interest in the metathorax of species examined! are : I. The development of the internal sclerotized vertical ridge of the metanotum situated under the main row of setae ; the following degrees of development can be distinguished : (a) The ridge is complete and its ventral end joins the upper part of the posterior vertical ridge of the metepisternum ; (5) the ridge extends downward to about the lowest seta of the main row ; (c) the ridge extends at most to about the middle of the main row of setae ; _(d) the ridge is absent. II. Number of setae on the metasternum ; there is always one large seta (a), but in a number of species there is an additional shorter seta above it (0). III. Suture between the ventral margin of the metanotal collar and the dorso- anterior margin of the metepimeron ; the following degrees of development can be enumerated : (a) The suture extends downwards to below the dorso-posterior angle of the metepisternum ; ; 1 No specimens of the following species and subspecies of Rhadinopsylla have been available for study : subgenus Ralipsylla: li li Argyropulo, li transbaikalica Ioff & Tiflov, semenovi Argyropulo, ventricosa murium loft & Tiflov; subgenus Actenophthalmus : accola Wagner, acuminata loft & Tiflov, altaica (Wagner), aspalacis loff & Tiflov, dahurica diclinica Tiflov, d. tjanshan Ioff & Tiflov, d. vicina Wagner, caucasica Argyropulo, mexicana Barrera, pilosa loft & Tiflov, pseudodahurica Scalon and rothschildi loft, NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 69 (b) the suture reaches to or almost to that angle ; (c) the suture reaches to about the middle or two-thirds of the distance to the dorso-posterior metepisternal angle ; so sewnseveenenee sri aer™ etna nenen sent - at a 54 Nee SS Fics. 51, 52. Metathorax of g of: 51. Rhadinopsylia (Micropsylla) sectilis goodi (Hubbard) (Vancouver, British Columbia). 52. Rhadinopsylla (Rhadinopsylla) cedestis Rothschild (near Panfilov, S.E. Kazakhstan). Fig. 53. Rhadinopsylla (Rhadinopsylia) masculana J. & R. (allotype, 9, Khenchela, Algeria). Figs. 54, 55. Metathorax of : 54. Rhadinopsylla (Micropsylloides) jaonis Jordan (9, Ilan, NW. Sunkiang prov., Manchuria). 55. Rhadinopsylia (Ralipsylia) ventricosa loff & Tiflov (g, Ottuk, Tyan-Shan). 79 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA (d) the suture reaches at most to half that distance but continues as a faint thin line ; (e) the suture reaches at most to half the distance but does not usually con- tinue as a faint thin line. e ee a cna \eera “ff oe 59 F/ Fics. 56-59. Metathorax of ¢ of: 56. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) pentacantha (Rothschild) (Tring). 57. R. (A.) japonica Sakaguti & Jameson (paratype, Mt. Kurama, Japan). 58. R. (A.) dives Jordan (paratype, Tsienkiatien, 25 miles E. of Tungliao, Manchuria). 59. R. (A.) dahurica dahurica J. & R. (paratype, Manchouli (= Lupin), Manchuria). NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 71 IV. The dorsal horizontal ridge of the metepisternum. This is absent only in the subgenus Micropsylla (Text-fig. 51) ; in the species of the other subgenera it is developed in a variety of ways, see Text-figs. 52-75. V. The junction between the dorsal and the posterior ridge of the metepisternum ; only in three species of Rhadinopsylla s. str. (cedestis, socia and ukrainica) these two ridges do not join up. AL , ome = ee, ee —— — ‘an SA] = Sh as : 7T.WAG _ LE > 6l | Ss * — = - 62 63 Fics. 60-63. Metathorax of: 60. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) fraterna (Baker) (g, Ravalli Co., Montana). 61. R. (A.) integella J. & R. (g, Schwarzwald Alp, B.O., Switzerland). 62. R. (A.) valenti Darskaya (2, Taegu, Korea). 63. R. (A.) insolita Jordan (g, Ta-Lin, near Tsienkiatien, Manchuria). 72 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA = > 2 Aes HER) Fics. 64-67. Metathorax of fg of : 64. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) multidenticulata Morlan & Prince (Greenlee Co., Arizona). 65. R. (A.) tof Wagner (Katon-Karagai, 66. R. (A.) mesa J. & R. (near Wengen, B.O., Switzerland). Altai, E. Kazakhstan). 67. R. (A.) heiseri (McCoy) (Washington Co., Utah). NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 73 VI. Number of setae on the metepisternum ; the normal number is three, but there are only two setae in the subgenera Micropsylla and Micropsylloides and in R. (A.) tenella, while in the one specimen of R. (A.) strouhali studied there is only one seta on either side, but that may be abnormal. VII. Shape of metepisternum ; this varies a great deal and I refer to Text-figs. 51-75 since the different shapes would be difficult to describe. —— ——S— 297. Fics. 68-71. Metathorax of g of: 68. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) isacantha con- tinentalis ssp. n. (Buré d’Orval, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France). 69. R. (A.) dolomydis Smit (paratype, Mt. Trebevi¢, Bosnia, Yugoslavia). 70. R. (A.) concava loff & Tiflov (Korea). 71. R.(A.) angusta Tiflov (Trans-Ili Alatau, south of Alma Ata, Kazakhstan). 74 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA VIII. The shape of the metasternum and of the metepimeron differs considerably in the various species ; see Text-figs. 51-75. IX. The chaetotaxy of the metepimeron varies somewhat ; see Text-figs. 51-75. X. The shape and length of the furca are individually too variable to be of much use for taxonomic purposes. Fics. 72-75. Metathorax of: 72. Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) tenella Jordan (holotype g, near Tsienkiatien, Manchuria). 73. R. (A.) attenuata Jameson & Sakaguti (?, Ohara, Honshu, Japan). 74. R. (A.) bureschi Jordan (holotype 4, Cam-Kuria, Bulgaria). 75. R. (A.) orama sp. n. (holotype g, Lee Co., Virginia, U.S.A,). NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA 75 Table of Characters I-III of the Metathorax in Rhadinopsylla. I(a) I(b) (ce) Id) Ii(a) IT(b) IUI(a) IIT(b) Il1(c) II1(d) 11 (e) ibgenus Micropsylla sectilis sspp. (Text-fig. 51) . + - = - ++ — ~ + — — — bgenus Rhadinopsylla no culana Text-fig. 53) + re a: | Ne as yivirgis : ; ’ - cedestis (Text-fig. 52) . — ++++ | | I | +++ 1 | +++44+ | | | | Rrainica . ; ; ot bgenus Micropsylloides jaonis (Text-fig. 54) . iar a | | +4 | se | | | | b genus Ralipsylla v. ventricosa (Text-fig. 55) . + _ = = ae = = a - - be genus Actenophthalmus bentacantha (Text-fig. 56) + japonica (Text-fig. 57) . . + lives (Text-fig. 58) _ > : dahurica (Text-fig.59) . — fraterna ets 60) . _- _ woorea ; ee = nedia . : : = = dif ilis : : F -_ — ntegella (Text-fig. 61) . ._- — lalenti (Text-fig. 62) . = — q msolita (Text-fig. 63) . — =_ ultidenticulata (Text-fig. 64) _ — offi (Text-fig. 65) ‘ ._ = _— sa (Text-fig. 66) ‘ = _ Bsoides ‘ ; = _ _ seri (Text-fig. 67) P _ _ — acantha sspp. (Text-fig. 68). - — — tro hai. _ _ — olomydis (Text-fig. 69) —— _ = mcava (Text-fig. 70) . = _ — ta (Text-fig. 71) . = _ -- a (Text-fig. 72) . = — — } ata (Text-fig. 73) _ = — _ ureschi (Text-fig. 74) . _- _ _ a (Text-fig. 75). _= _ _ | | eat es a wo a a A al | | | | ~ | iby waa hat are aia neh se a ee | beatal te ee a ed ee a) | [++ | | | | Meo aoe ae i a | t+++t+++++44+44 | I | +++ et4+4+4+44 | ee | ie iid +1 | L+++1 76 NEW HYSTRICHOPSYLLID SIPHONAPTERA © ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply indebted to the following colleagues for the loan or donation of specimens: Dr. G. M. Dunnet (loan of the holotype of Idilla caelebs), Mr. R. B. Freeman (donation of two pairs of R. 7. tsacantha), Professor H. Strouhal (loan of the holotype of R. strouhali), Dr. P. T. Johnson (loan of paratypes of R. orama), Capt. V. J. Tipton (loan of R. valenti and gift of R. concava) and Lt.-Col. R. Traub (loan and gift of type material of R. orama and R. media). NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21. BEL:wkwAG ZUR KENNTNIS DER EROTYLIDEN (COL) KURT DELKESKAMP BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 3 LONDON : 1957 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITSICHEN MUSEUM 21. BEITRAG ZUR KENNTNIS DER EROTYLIDEN (COL.) VON KURT DELKESKAMP ( Berlin we : Pp. 77-90; 5 Text figures BULLETIN “OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 3 LONDON: 1957 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), «stituted in 1949, 1s issued tn five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Paris appear at irregular intervals as they become veady. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 3 of the Entomological serves. 2 0 DEC 1957 ae Qe WSS PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued December, 1957 Price Five Shillings NEVE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 2t. BEITRAG ZUR. KENNINIS DER. EROTYLIDEN (COL.) Von KURT DELKESKAMP SYNOPSIS This paper is based mainly on material in the British Museum (N.H.). Two new species and one new subspecies of Amblyopus are described. The name Scelidopetalon is proposed for Petaloscelis Gorh. 1896 (nec. Bergroth 1893) and a new species of Scelidopetalon is described. One new species and one new subspecies of Aulacochilus are described and also a new species of Tamboria. The holotypes of the new species, with the exception of Amblyopus niger, A. cinctipennis Lac. ssp. trimaculatus and Tamboria coerulea are in the British Museum (N.H.). Vom Britischen Museum, London, erhielt ich eine kleine Kollektion von Erotyliden, deren Bearbeitung sich Herr G. J. Arrow vorgenommen hatte, aber leider nicht mehr durchfiihren konnte, weil ihm der Tod am 4.x.1948 die Feder aus der Hand nahm. Daich mit Herrn G. J. Arrow stets in bestem Einvernehmen stand und mich seiner besonderen Unterstiitzung nach Beendigung des 2. Weltkrieges erfreuen durfte, komme ich der Bitte von Fraulein C. M. F. von Hayek um Bearbeitung des Nachlasses gern nach und teile im folgenden das Ergebnis meiner Untersuchungen mit. Die aethiopischen Vertreter der Gattungen Amblyopus Lac. und Amblyscelis Gorh. werden im folgenden nicht behandelt, da sie in einer gesonderten Publikation Beriicksichtigung finden, die Herr H. Philipp, mein Diplomand in der Coleopteren Abteilung hiesigen Museums, in Kiirze herausbringen wird und die eine Revision beider Genera zum Thema hat. Zusdtzlich werden ausser einigen systematischen Richtigstellungen 2 neue Arten und 1 neue Rasse aus dem Zoologischen Museum zu Berlin beschrieben, die sich in den Rahmen der von Arrow hinterlassenen Arten zwanglos einfiigen bzw. von ihm gedusserte Ansichten bekraftigen. Amblyopus palliditarsis sp. n. Lange 4,5-6,2 mm., Breite 2,5-3,7 mm. Korper gewolbt, Farbung pechbraun bis schwarz, nur Fiihler, Mundteile und Tar- sen gleichwie bei A. pallidicornis Arrow rotlichgelb. Kopf und Halsschild dicht punktiert, schwach chagriniert und daher matt glanzend. Fliigeldecken mit starker eingeritzten Punktstreifen und sehr fein punktulierten Interstitien, nicht chagri- ENTOM. 6, 3. 4 80 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 niert, daher lackglanzend. Augen gross und grob fazettiert, ihr Abstand voneinander gleich 1,6 mal der von vorn sichtbaren Augenbreite. Halsschild: Seiten gerundet, fein gerandet und nach vorn konvergierend ; Vorderrand doppelbuchtig, in der Mitte leicht konvex, zu beiden Seiten leicht konkav; Vorderecken verrundet, Hinterecken stumpfwinklig mit grossem Porenpunkt. Scutellum zart punktiert, Lange: Breite wie 1: 1,7. Prosternum median im vorderen Teil schwach gekielt, der Vorderrand in der Mitte winklig vorspringend. Die Tangentiallinien des Proster- num erstrecken sich tiber $ seiner Lange, verlaufen im vorderen Teil fast parallel und sind an der Spitze hakenformig einwarts gebogen. Tangentiallinien der Mittel- und Hinterhiiften vorhanden. Fiihler zart, das 3. Glied so lang wie das 4. + 5. zusammen, 4. — 6. Glied gestreckt, 7. + 8. Glied perlférmig, Fiihlerkeule schmal, letztes Glied klein und zugespitzt. Tibien normal, gegen die Spitze nicht auffallend verbreitert. Endglied des Maxillar-Palpus doppelt so breit wie lang. Die Lacinia ist unbewehrt. Von palliditarsis ist der ihm sehr ahnliche A. pallidicornis Arrow durch folgende Merkmale leicht zu unterscheiden: die Glieder der Fiihlerkeule sind sehr kurz und breit (strongly transverse). Die Augen stehen nicht so eng, ihr Abstand betragt das Doppelte der Augenbreite. Die Seiten des Halsschildes sind nur ganz schwach gerundet, fast gerade verlaufend; die Vorderecken treten nicht hervor und liegen mit dem Vorderrand in gleicher Ebene. Kopf und Halsschild sind viel zarter punktiert, nicht chagriniert und daher gleichwie die Elytren lackglanzend. Das Schildchen ist schmaler und nicht punktiert. Die Punktulierung der Interstitien auf den Elytren ist so zart, dass sie fast glatt erscheinen. Die Tangentiallinien der Vorderbrust verlaufen nicht parallel, sondern konvergieren nach vorn, so dass die Tangentialfigur glockenférmig erscheint. Holotypus im Britischen Museum, London. Fundort: Tonkin, A de Cooman, 1929. 28 Paratypen vom gleichen Fundort. Amblyopus niger sp. n. Lange 4,2-5 mm., Breite 2,3-2,7 mm. Obwohl die Art nicht zum Nachlass von Arrow gehért, erfolgt ihre Neubeschreibung gleichwohl in dieser Arbeit, da das Zoologische Museum zu Berlin dem Britischen Museum, London, 2 Exemplare dediziert, um die 3 oberseits gleichférmig schwarzen und auf den ersten Blick einander sehr ahnlichen Arten der Gattung Amblyopus (pallidicormis Arrow, palliditarsis sp. n. und niger sp. n.) wenigstens an einer Stelle an Hand der Tiere selbst miteinander vergleichen und die massgeblichen Unter- schiede erkennen zu kénnen. Korper gleich der vorhergehenden Art gewdlbt. Farbung: Oberseite schwarz, Unterseite braunschwarz und + ausgedehnt rétlich-braun. Mundteile, Fiihler und Beine von wechselnder Farbe: gelb iiber gelblich-rot bis braunschwarz. Die Tarsen kontrastieren also nicht wie bei palliditarsis durch helle (rétlich-gelbe) Farbung von den iibrigen Beinabschnitten, sondern haben + die gleiche Farbung wie diese. Kopf und Halsschild schwacher als bei palliditarsis punktiert, nicht NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 81 chagriniert, sondern gleich den Elytren glaénzend. Diese mit starker eingeritzten Punktstreifen und deutlich punktulierten Interstitien. Abstand der grobfazettierten Augen grosser als bei palliditarsis, gleich 2 mal der von vorn sichtbaren Augenbreite. Form des Halsschildes gleich der von pallidicornis Arrow, also mit fast geradem Vorderrand ohne hervortretende Vorderecken. Scutellum deutlich punktuliert, schmaler als bei palliditarsis, ca ebenso lang wie breit. Prosternum median im vorderen Teil nicht gekielt, der Vorderrand in der Mitte nicht winklig vorspringend. Die Tangentiallinien des Prosternum erstrecken sich tiber # seiner Lange und verlaufen im vorderen Teil fast parallel, die des Metasternum fehlen oder sind nur ganz schwach angedeutet und die des 1. Abdominalsegmentes sind vorhanden und deutlich sichtbar. Fiihler zart, das 3. Glied so lang wie das 4.-+ 5. zusammen, 4. — 6. Glied gestreckt, 7. + 8. kugelig, die Glieder der Fiihlerkeule kurz und breit (strongly transverse), entsprechen also denen von fallidicornis. Tibien gegen die Spitze eckig erweitert, die der Mittel- und Hintertibien sogar unter Bildung eines vortre- tenden Zahnes. Endglied des Maxillar-Palpus mehr als doppelt so breit wie lang (2,5: I). Von dem ihm sehr &hnlichen fallidicornis Arrow unterscheidet sich niger in erster Linie durch die gegen die Spitze eckig erweiterten Tibien, sodann durch die deutlich sichtbare Punktulierung der Interstitien auf den Elytren, durch grdéssere K6rpermasse (4,2-5 mm. gegen 3,8 mm.) und durch die Tangentiallinien : die des Prosternum verlaufen im vorderen Teil fast parallel, die des Metasternum fehlen oder sind nur schwach angedeutet. Holotypus im Zoologischen Museum, Berlin. Fundort: India or.: Nagpore. 8 Paratypen vom gleichen Fundort. Zur leichteren Unterscheidung der 3 oberseits gleichformig schwarzen Arten lasse ich eine Bestimmungstabelle folgen. BESTIMMUNGSTABELLE Fiihlerkeule schmal, ihr Endglied zugespitzt : palliditarsis sp. n. — Fiihlerkeule breit, ihre 3 Glieder kurz und breit (strongly transverse) ; 2 Tibien gegen die Spitze auffallend eckig erweitert, die der Mittel- und Hinterbeine auf der Aussenkante mit Zahnbildung. Interstitien der Elytren deutlich sichtbar punktuliert. Tangentiallinien der Vorderbrust verlaufen fast parallel, die der Hinterbrust fehlend oder nur schwach angedeutet . . niger sp. n. — Tibien gegen die Spitze nicht auffallend erweitert, keine Zahnbildung der Mittel- und Hintertibien. Interstitien der Elytren so schwach und zart punktuliert, dass sie fast glatt erscheinen. Tangentiallinien: die der Vorderbrust nach vorn konvergierend, ee daher sissies die der Hinterbrust gut sichtbar ausgebildet . , , ‘ : , pallidicornis Arrow al nN Amblyopus cinctipennis trimaculatus ssp. n. Lange 6,2 mm., Breite 3,2 mm. Die Rasse unterscheidet sich von der von Arrow 1925 (p. 95) erneut beschriebenen und abgebildeten Nominatform dadurch, dass die Fliigeldecken in vollem Umfange schwarz sind und nicht mehr ringsherum von einem gelben Band umflossen werden. Trotz dieser Verdunklung sind die Epipleuren in ihrer ganzen Linge rotbraun. Die 82 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 Unterseite des K6rpers ist ebenfalls dunkler als bei der Nominatform. Von der Grundlinie des Mesosternum ist nach vorn alles rétlich-braun, nach hinten alles schwarz bis braun-schwarz. Dementsprechend sind auch die Beine der Vorderbrust rotlich-braun, die Mittel- und Hinterbeine braunschwarz. Die Tangentiallinien der Vorderbrust sind verglichen mit denen der Nominatform etwas linger. Von besonderem Interesse ist, dass sich im Zoologischen Museum zu Berlin unter den insgesamt 35 Exemplaren der Nominatform 1 Exemplar von Ceylon befindet, welches farblich auffallend in Richtung der neuen Rasse tendiert und somit eine Mittelstellung zwischen beiden Rassen einnimmt. Bei ihm ist die Unterseite gleich- wie bei trimaculatus von der Grundlinie:des Mesosternum bis zur Spitze in voller Breite dunkel (ohne seitliche, -- ausgedehnte rote Einfassung wie bei cinctipennis), die Fliigeldecken sind nur basal ein kurzes Stiick langs der Naht und der Aussenkante gelb eingefasst, im tibrigen ist die gelbe Umrahmung bis auf die rotlich-gelbe Aussenkante verschwunden. Die kiirzeren Tangentiallinien der Vorderbrust und die Gelbfarbung aller Beinpaare entsprechen denen der Nominatform. Der Holotypus stammt aus der coll. Kuhnt, der die Rasse seinerzeit zwar als nigripennis benannt und auch mit einem Typus-Etikett versehen, aber nicht mehr beschrieben hat. Da der Name inzwischen von Arrow fiir eine andere Art der Gattung Amblyopus vergeben ist, bezeichne ich die Rasse als A. c. trimaculatus ssp. n. Holotypus im Zoologischen Museum, Berlin. Fundort : Mandar. SCELIDOPETALON nom. nov. proPETALOSCELIS Gorh., 1896 (nec Bergroth, 1893) Im Jahre 1945 hat Arrow (p. 117) festgestellt, dass der von Gorham 1896 zur Bezeichnung einer Erotyliden-Gattung aufgestellte Name Petaloscelis praeokkupiert ist, da 3 Jahre friiher Bergroth den gleichen Namen fiir eine Rhynchoten-Gattung gewahlt und publiziert hat. Eine Neubenennung hat Arrow nicht vorgenommen, da er die Gattung Petaloscelis als synonym zu Amblyscelis Gorh. (1888) ansah. Beide Gattungen sind jedoch grundverschieden. Ein unfehlbares und von Arrow selbst in seiner Bestimmungstabelle (1925, p. 92) verwandtes Unterscheidungsmerkmal stellt die Fazettierung der Augen dar, die bei allen Arten von Amblyscelis grob, bei denen von Petaloscelis sehr fein ist. Das von Gorham errichtete Genus muss daher erhalten bleiben und mit einem neuen Namen versehen werden. Ich schlage als nomen novum “ Scelidopetalon’’ vor, um die Kennzeichnung der plattenférmig verbreiterten Tibien beizubehalten, durch die sich der Genotypus S. instabile Gorh. auszeichnet. Scelidopetalon arrowi sp. n. (Abb. 1 und 2) Lange 4,8-5,2 mm., Breite 2,9-3,2 mm. K6rper gewolbt, Farbung rot, nur die Elytren mit Ausnahme einer basalen roten Makel (Abb. 1 + 2) schwarz und die Fiihler vom 6. bis zur basalen Halfte des 11. Gliedes dunkelbraun bis schwarz. Bei 3 Exemplaren ist auf dem roten NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 83 Halsschild auf der Mitte des Basalteiles oberhalb des Schildchens ein Anflug von Schwarzfarbung zu konstatieren. Kopf und Halsschild sehr fein und weitlaufig punktiert, glanzend. Clypeus vorn dreieckig ausgeschnitten. Halsschild: Seiten gerundet und fein gerandet, der Vorderrand in der Mitte leicht vorgezogen, leicht konvex, Vorderecken verrundet, Hinterecken stumpfwinklig mit grossem Poren- punkt. Fliigeldecken glénzend mit stark eingeritzten Punktstreifen, von denen die ersten 5 bis zur Basis durchlaufen, der 6. bis 8. vor oder auf der Schulterbeule endet und der g. nur im vorderen Drittel entwickelt ist. Die Abbildungen 1 + 2 zeigen die beiden Extreme, zwischen denen Form und Ausdehnung der roten Elytren- Makeln schwanken. Scutellum zart punktuliert, Lange : Breite wie 1: 1,5. Pro- sternum median im vorderen Teil schwach gekielt, der Vorderrand in der Mitte 1 2 ApB. 1 und 2. Scelidopetalon arrowi sp. n. von Singapore. Die Elytrenmakeln beider Vertreter stellen die Extreme dar, zwischen denen beim vorliegenden Material Form und Ausdehnung schwanken. winklig vorspringend. Tangentiallinien aller 3 Hiiftpaare vorhanden, die der Vorderbrust erstrecken sich tiber # von deren Linge, verlaufen im vorderen Teil fast parallel und sind an der Spitze hakenf6rmig einwarts gebogen. Fiihler gleich der von Arrow fiir imstabile Gorh. abgebildeten Form (1295, p. 101, Fig. 20) kurz und gedrungen, das 3. Glied so lang wie das 4. + 5. zusammen, das 4. — 7. perlf6rmig, das 8. quer, die Fihlerkeule stark abgesetzt und ihre Glieder sehr kurz und breit (strongly transverse). Die Tibien gegen die Spitze auffallend verbreitert. End- glied des Maxillar-Palpus ca 14 mal so breit wie lang. Die Lacinia unbewehrt. Die Art adhnelt dem von Gorham beschriebenen und von Arrow (1925, p. IOI, fig. 20) abgebildeten zmstabile weitgehend. Dieses unterscheidet sich von ihr durch folgende Merkmale: Es ist flacher, nicht so gewélbt. Kopf und Halsschild sind dichter punktiert und zumeist mit schwarzen Flecken versehen. Die rote Makel der Fliigeldecken hat X-formige Gestalt. 84 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 Holotypus im Britischen Museum, London. Fundort: Singapore, C. F. Baker, 1918. 8 Paratypen. Fundort: Singapore, coll. Pascoe (1 Expl.), C. F. Baker 1918 (1 Expl.), C. J. Saunders 1922 (3 Expl.) und ohne Angabe des Sammlers (3 Expl.). Aulacochilus biplagiatus sp. n. Lange 9 mm., Breite 4,2 mm. Die glanzend schwarze Art unterscheidet sich von den bisher bekannten Arten der Gattung Awlacochilus auf den ersten Blick dadurch, dass die Elytren im Spitzenteil je einen langlichen gelben Fleck aufweisen, der sich iiber etwas mehr als 4 der Fligeldeckenlange erstreckt und in der Breite schwankend kurz vor der Spitze, die er nicht erreicht, zwischen 1. und 8. und im vorderen Teil zwischen 3. und 8. Punktstreifen liegt. Clypeus dicht, Stirn weitléufiger punktiert. Halsschild in der Mitte sehr zart und weitlaufig, auf beiden Seiten kraftiger und dichter punktiert, die Seiten kraftig gerandet, kurz vor der Spitze einwarts gebogen, im iibrigen Teil fast gerade und zur Basis divergierend verlaufend. Fliigeldecken mit gut sichtbaren, aber nicht kraftigen Punkstreifen versehen. 3. Fiihlerglied nicht ganz so lang wie das 4.-+ 5. (9: 10), Glied 4 — 8 perlférmig, Fiihlerkeule fast doppelt so lang wie breit (18: 10). Tangentiallinien aller 3 Hiiftpaare vorhanden, die der Vorderbrust erstrecken sich tiber fast ? von deren Lange, sind zur Spitze einwarts gebogen und weit voneinander getrennt, so dass eine breite glockenférmige Tangentialfigur entsteht. Die Vorderbrust ist in der Mitte unpunktiert, auf beiden Seiten wie bei den Aulacochilus-Arten tiblich sehr grob punktiert, in der Mitte nicht gekielt, ohne knopfformige Spitze in der Mitte des Vorderrandes, dieser vielmehr gleichférmig gerundet, in der Mitte vor der Tangentialfigur héchstens ganz schwach konvex. Endglied der Maxillarpalpen beilférmig, relativ klein und etwa doppelt so breit wie lang (15: 7). Holotypus im Britischen Museum, London. Fundgebiet : Philippinen. Aulacochilus erythroperonus quadriplagiatus ssp. n. (Abb. 3) Lange 7,5-9,5 mm., Breite 3,5-4,5 mm. Die Rasse unterscheidet sich von der Nominatform lediglich dadurch, dass der rote Langsstreifen auf den schwarzen Fliigeldecken jeweils auf ein kurzes Basal- und Apikalstiick reduziert ist (Abb. 3). Das Basalstiick verlauft im 5. Interstitium in einer Ausdehnung von ca doppelter Lange der Schulterbeule, biegt alsdann hakenfoérmig in das 4. Interstitium ein und erlischt hier. Der rote Apikalfleck steht kurz vor der Spitze der Fliigeldecken, ist von wechselnder Breite und kann vom 4. Insterstitium nach aussen bis in das 5., nach innen bis in das 2. Interstitium reicher. Gleichwie bei der Nominatform ist auch bei quadriplagiatus auf beiden NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 85 Seiten des Halsschildes ein Anflug von Rotfarbung + deutlich erkennbar. Weitere Rotfarbungen sind auf der Oberseite nicht vorhanden. Im iibrigen entspricht die Rasse vollauf der Nominatform, so dass sich eine Wiederholung meiner fiir diese 1935 gegebenen Beschreibung eriibrigt. Holotypus im Britischen Museum, London. Fundort : NW. Rhodesien, Kashitu, N. of Broken Hill, xi.1914, H. C. Dollman. 2 Paratypen vom gleichen Fundort, iv.1915. ABB. 3. Aulacochilus erythroperonus quadriplagiatus ssp. n. von Rhodesien: Kashitu. Aulocochilus capensis Lacord. (1842) = angolensis Schklg. (1919) [SYN. NOV] Ein Vergleich des im Deutschen Entomologischen Institut befindlichen Typus von Aulacochilus angolensis Schklg. mit Vertretern von Aulacochilus capensis Lacord. ergab, dass beide Arten identisch sind. Die von Schenkling (1919, p. 78) hervorgehobene unterschiedliche Punktierung auf Halsschild, Brust und Abdomen sowie das unterschiedliche Ausmass der Verschmdlerung des Ké6rpers gegen das Hinterende bei beiden Arten erweisen sich als nicht stichhaltig. Ob rassische Verschiedenheiten zwischen den Vertretern von Angola auf der einen Seite und denen des siidlichen und éstlichen Afrika auf der anderen Seite vorhanden sind, lasst sich z. Zt. nicht festellen, da von Angola nur ein einziges Exemplar vorliegt. Zu den von mir im Jahre 1933 (p. 141) angegebenen Fundorten fiir die Art kommen folgende hinzu: Angola: Bailundo (1 Expl.) und Rhodesien (A. Bodong, 3 Expl.). Alle 4 Exemplare befinden sich im Deutschen Entomologischen Institut zu Berlin. 86 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 Aulacochilus murrayi (Crotch)—nec Amblyopus Lange 7,8 mm., Breite 3,8 mm. Die Untersuchung des Typus ergab die tiberraschende Feststellung, dass Crotch bei Eingliederung der von ihm vor 81 Jahren beschriebenen Art murrayi in die Gattung Amblyopus ein Irrtum unterlaufen ist. Sie stellt einen echten Vertreter der Gattung Avwlacochilus dar und gehért somit zur Unterfamilie Encaustinae und nicht zu den Tritominae. Alle fiir die Gattung Aulacochilus massgeblichen Merkmale finden sich bei murrayi realisiert, so dass an seiner Unterbringung bei dieser Gattung kein Zweifel besteht. Nach Beschreibung des ersten afrikanischen Vertreters der in der orientalischen Region nach bisherigen Befunden weit arten- reicheren Gattung Aulocochilus seitens Lacordaire im Jahre 1842 (capensis Lac.) stellt der 34 Jahre spdter beschriebene murrayi den zweiten bekannt gewordenen Vertreter der Gattung dar, der nur infolge einer falschen Eingruppierung erst heute als solcher in Erscheinung tritt. Zu der von Crotch gegebenen Beschreibung sind folgende Erganzungen hinzuzu- fiigen. Kopfund Halsschild rotbraun, Unterseite rétlich, Elytren gelb (Westafrikaner) mit 3 braunen bis braunschwarzen Langsstreifen und einer ebenso gefarbten Schul- termakel. Der Nahtstreifen ist 2 Interstitien breit, greift in seinem frontalen Verlauf + auf das 3. Interstitium iiber und erweitert sich unmittelbar vor der Basis—weit ausladend—bis zum 4. Punkstreifen ; apikal erreicht er nicht die Spitze, sondern erlischt kurz vor ihr. Die weite Ausladung des Nahtstreifens vor der Basis der Fliigeldecken kommt dadurch zustande, dass er sich hier—wie vergleichsweise Exemplare von A. sexguttatus Delk. deutlich demonstrieren—mit einem im 4. Interstitium befindlichen Fleck vereinigt. Gleichwie bei sexguttatus werden zweifellos auch bei murrayi Exemplare vorkommen, die Ubergange sichtbarer Trennung von Nahtstreifen und Fleck iiber beginnende Vereinigung bis zu volliger Verschmelzung beider Zeichnungselemente aufweisen und die Ent- stehung der auffallenden Erweiterung des Nahtstreifens vor der Basis verstand- lich machen. Der Mittelstreifen beginnt mit dem 2. Viertel vor der Mitte der Elytren und erlischt vor der Spitze in gleicher Hohe wie der Nahtstreifen. Er ist 3 Interstitien breit, reicht vom 4. bis 7. Punktstreifen, wird vor der Spitze schmaler und tritt hier in das 4. Interstitium iiber. Er kann als eine Verbindung der beiden dunklen Flecke angesehen werden, die bei A. sexguttatus Delk. im 5. Insterstitium stehen, der eine vor der Mitte, der andere kurz vor der Spitze der Fliigeldecken. Der Seitenstreifen fiillt den Raum vom 9g. Punktstreifen bis zur Seitenkante aus, reicht von der Basis bis zur Spitze, biegt hier hakenférmig nach vorn um, eine kurze Strecke langs der Naht vorstossend, ohne jedoch den breiten Nahtstreifen zu erreichen. Der dunkle Fleck der Schulterbeule reicht vom 5. bis 7. Punktstreifen. Halsschild auf der Mitte zarter und weitlaufiger, auf beiden Seiten viel kraftiger und dichter punktiert, glanzend. Holotypus im Britischen Museum, London. Fundort: Old Calabar, Murray. NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 87 Aulacochilus sexguttatus Delk. (1933) =interruptus Deelder (1942) [SYN. NoV.] In der taxonomischen Beurteilung der als “ Amblyopus murrayt Crotch var. interruptus nov.” beschriebenen Varietat ist Deelder ein zweifacher Irrtum unter- laufen. (1.) Gleichwie murrayi Cr. gehért auch var. interrupta Deelder nicht zur Gattung Amblyopus, sondern zur Gattung Avlacochilus, also nicht zur Subfamilie Tritominae, sondern zu den Encaustinae. (2.) Var. interruwpta Deelder stellt kein novum fiir die Wissenschaft dar, sondern ist identisch mit dem von mir 1933 beschriebenen Axlacochilus sexguttatus und verfallt somit der Synonymie. Zu diesen Feststellungen gelangte ich auf Grund des giinstigen Umstandes, dass ich die Typen obiger Namenstrager persénlich untersuchen und miteinander vergleichen konnte. Ich registriere daher wie folgt : Aulacochilus sexguttatus Delk. (1933) = interruptus Deelder (1942) (nec Amblyopus) Ob sexguttatus Delk. (= interruptus Deelder) als eigene Art oder als eine Varietat von murrayi Cr. (sensu Deelder) anzusehen ist, lasst sich z. Zt. nicht entscheiden, da (I.) von murrayi nur ein einziges Exemplar vorliegt und (2.) als Herkunft dieses Exemplares ‘‘ Old Calabar (Murray) ;’”’ verzeichnet ist, ein Fundort, der sich schon des 6fteren zum mindesten als fragwiirdig erwiesen hat. Ich selbst méchte sexguttatus vorerst als selbstandige Art ansehen und zwar aus folgenden Griinden : Im Vergleich zu murrayi ist der Halsschild von s. weniger glanzend, matt, der Seitenrand weniger gebogen, die Seitenteile und ebenso die Punktstreifen der Elytren sind schwacher punktiert. Samtliche 10 mir vorliegenden Exemplare von s. (6 von Kamerun und 4 von Belg.-Congo: Mayumbe) erweisen sich in den angefiihrten Merkmalen als konstant, kein einziges von ihnen zeitigt Ubergange oder gar Ubereinstimmung mit murrayi. Das gleiche gilt fiir die Elytrenzeichnung. Holotypus im Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden. Tamboria coerulea sp. n. (Abb. 4 u. 5) Lange 8-9 mm., Breite 3,2-3,6 mm. Im Jahre 1944 berichtete Arrow (p. 53) von “ association between geographical distribution and coloration ’’ und teilt seine sowohl bei Erotyliden wie auch bei Coccinelliden und Halticiden gemachte Beobachtung mit, indem er sagt: “ Blue or metallic colours in the Papuan species generally replace the black ground colour of most Indo-malayan representatives ’’. Wenn auch die vorliegende neue Art nicht zum Nachlass von Arrow gehdért, sondern Eigentum des Berliner Zoologischen Museums ist und diesem in liebenswiirdiger Weise von Herrn Leopold Mader, Wien, dediziert wurde, wofiir ich ihm auch an dieser Stelle meinen herzlichsten Dank ausspreche, so lasse ich gleichwohl ihre Neubeschreibung an dieser Stelle folgen, da sie einen weiteren eindeutigen Beweis fiir die Richtigkeit der von Arrow getroffenen Feststellung liefert. Zur Unterfamilie Dacninae gehGérig, hebt sie sich ¢ 88 NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 durch ihre leuchtend metallisch blaue Farbung in so auffallender Weise von den ausnahmslos schwarzen Vertretern der orientalischen Region ab, dass sie auf den ersten Blick ihre Zugeh6rigkeit zur australischen Region erkennen lasst. Korper langgestreckt, schlank. Farbung metallisch blau mit einem breiten gelben Band auf den Elytren (Abb. 4), das sich quer itiber deren ganze Breite bis zu den Aussenkanten zieht, auf die Epipleuren aber nicht tibergreift, so dass diese in ihrer ganzen Lange blau bleiben. Kopf im vorderen Teil dichter, im hinteren Teil weit- laufiger punktiert, ohne Stridulationsleisten im hinteren Teil. Halsschild: basal 4 ABB. 4. Tamboria coerulea sp. n. von Brit. N. Guinea: Edie Creek. ABB. 5. Tamboria coerulea sp. n., rechter Fiihler. in seiner ganzen Breite, frontal nur von den Vorderwinkeln bis kurz hinter den Innenrand der Augen fein gerandet; basal auf beiden Seiten oberhalb des 4. Interstitium der Elytren mit je einem flachen Griibchen und einigen grésseren Punkten ; Seitenrand schmal, kurz vor der Spitze etwas verbreitert und in den Vorder- und Hinterwinkeln mit je einem grdsseren Porenpunkt ; Vorderecken etwas vorgezogen. Scutellum zart punktiert, stark quer, Lange: Breite wie I: 1,75. Elytren ohne Basalrandung und mit sehr feinen Punktstreifen, die nur auf der gelben Querbinde gut sichtbar sind. Fihler (Abb. 5) kraftig, das 3. Glied etwas langer als das 4. (10:8), das 4. bis 7. gestreckt, langer als breit, das 8. als Uber- gangsglied dreieckig verbreitert, aber noch nicht die dichte weisslich-graue Behaarung aufweisend, durch die sich die 3 Glieder der Fiihlerkeule auszeichnen und sichtbar von den tibrigen abheben. Tangentiallinien aller 3 Hiiftpaare fehlen. Vorderbrust NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 89 gleichmassig gerundet mit geradem Vorderrand, nicht gekielt, seitlich grdber als auf der Mitte punktiert. Hinterbrust: ihr Vorderrand zwischen den Mittel- hiiften konkav, kurz hinter dem Vorderrand mit einer Querdepression; auf der Mitte mit einem feinen Laingsgrat, der kurz vor der Querdepression in die fein eingekerbte Rinne einer Langsdepression einmiindet. Lacinia gleich wie bei Neothallis Fauv. mit 2 sehr dicht beieinander stehenden Haken bewehrt, die bei Ventral- oder Dorsal- ansicht einander decken. Glossae von den Paraglossae erheblich tiberragt. Endglied der Maxillartaster zugespitzt, das der Labialtaster beilf6rmig verbreitert und nicht mit der Mitte, sondern seitlich dem 2. Gliede aufsitzend. Mentum gross, dreieckig, stark quer, doppelt so breit wie lang. Augen im Gegensatz zu denen bei Episcapha Lac. und Episcaphula Cr. auffallend klein, in der Starke der Fazettierung ihnen entsprechend. Beine schlank; Tarsenglieder schmal, mit behaarter Unterseite, das 4. Tarsenglied sehr klein, das 3. nur wenig tiberragend. Die Art zeigt in ihren wesentlichen Merkmalen mit der von Heller 1920 (p. 62) beschriebenen Tamboria sumbavana, deren Typus ich dank des lebenswiirdigen Entgegenkommens von Herrn R. Reichert, Dresden, vergleichend untersuchen konnte, eine so weitgehende Ubereinstimmung, dass der grisste Teil der oben hervorgehobenen Merkmale auch fiir swmbavana zutrifft und ich somit nicht zégere, coerulea der Gattung Tamboria zuzuordnen. Abgesehen von der Farbung und Zeichnung (Elytren mit je 2 gelben Makeln auf schwarzem oder braunem Grund) unterscheidet sich sumbavana von coerulea im wesentlichen durch folgende Merkmale : sie ist schlanker, lauft nach hinten spitzer zu. Der Seitenrand des Halsschildes ist kurz vor den Vorderecken weit auffallender verbreitert. Die Elytren sind basal fein gerandet. Die Glieder 5-7 der Fiihler sind perlférmig, die Glieder der Fiihlerkeule kirzer. Die Hinterbrust ist im vorderen Teil ohne Langs- und Querdepression, aber median ebenfalls mit einem feinen Langsgrat versehen. Das Mentum ist kiirzer. Holotypus im Zoologischen Museum, Berlin. Fundort: Brit. N. Guinea, Edie Creek, 7,000 Fuss. 2 Paratypen vom gleichen Fundort. VERZEICHNIS DER NEUBESCHREIBUNGEN 1. Amblyopus palliditarsis Shits, x : ; . Tonkin. 2. Amblyopus niger sp. n. : . India or.: Nagpore. 3. Amblyopus cinctipennis Lac. ssp. trimaculatus n. . Celebes: Mandar. 4. Scelidopetalon arrowt sp. n.° ; : , . Singapore. 5. Aulacochilus biplagiatus sp.n. . . Philippinen. 6. Aulacochilus mney Delk. ssp. quadri- plagiatusn. . ‘ R . NW. Rhodesien: Kashitu. 7. Tamboria coeruleasp.n. . : : . Brit. N. Guinea: Edie Creek. SYSTEMATISCHE BERICHTIGUNGEN 1. Scelidopetalon n. n. pro Petaloscelis Gorh. 1896 (nec Bergroth, 1893). Genotypus: S. instabile Gorh. fore) NEUE EROTYLIDEN AUS DEM BRITISCHEN MUSEUM 21 2. Aulacochilus capensis Lac. (1842) = angolensis Schklg. (1919). [SYN. NOV.] 3. Aulacochilus murrayi Crotch (nec Amblyopus). 4. Aulacochilus sexguttatus Delk. (1933) = interruptus Deelder (1942) [SYN. NOV.] (nec Amblyopus). LITERATURVERZEICHNIS Arrow,G. J. 1925. The Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Clavicornia, Erotylidae. London. 1-156. pl. 1, figs. 5-9. 30 text-figs. 1944. On Erotylid beetles belonging to Spondotripblax and some allied genera, with descriptions of a few new species (Coleoptera). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 13, pts. 5-6 : 53-57: —— 1945. Systematic notes on a few genera of Erotylid Coleoptera. Jbid. 14, pts. 9-10: 117-118. DEELDER, C. L. 1942. Revision of the Erotylidae (Coleoptera) of the Leiden Museum. Zoolog. Meded. 24. Afl. 1-2 : 49-115, 5 text-figs. DELKESKAMP, K. 1933. 2. Mitteilung aus der Familie der Erotyliden (Col.). Mitt. D. ent. Ges. 4, Nr. 9 : 139-142. 1935. Neue Erotyliden aus Afrika. IV. (Col.). Ibid. 6, Nr. 3-4 : 29-33, 5 Abb. HELLER, K. M. 1920. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Erotyliden der indoaustralischen Region mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der philippinischen Arten. Arch. Naturg. (A) 84, H.8: I-I2I. 1918 (1920). SCHENKLING, S. 1919. Erotyliden-Studien I. Jbid. 83, H.11: 77-93. 1917 (1919). (Es sind nur diejenigen Literaturzitate angegeben, die im Coleopterorum Catalogus von Junk und SCHENKLING vol. XV, ps. 34, 1911 Erotylidae nicht mehr verzeichnet sind.) LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM THE McLACHLAN COLLECTION NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) D. E. KIMMINS BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 4 LONDON : 1957 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM THE MCLACHLAN COLLECTION NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) BY D. E. KIMMINS wf Pp. 91-126 BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 4 LONDON :1957 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 4 of the Entomological series. fg” Les 2 0 DEC 1957 y 3 Rea, oF PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued December, 1957 Price Nine Shillings LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM THE MCLACHLAN COLLECTION NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) By D. E. KIMMINS In common with other workers of his time, the distinguished ‘‘ Neuropterist ’’ Robert McLachlan, when describing a new species from more than one example, did not normally indicate a single specimen as the “‘type’’ of the species, but placed ‘‘ Type’’ labels on all (or at least some) of that series upon which he was working. At various times, types have been designated for certain species, and it has now been considered desirable to collect together such information and to re- publish it together with designations of lectotypes for other species in his collection not already dealt with. In most cases the species concerned were described by McLachlan himself, but in the later years of his life he sent material to the Rev. A. E. Eaton and to Mr. K. J. Morton for study, and lectotypes of species described by these authors have also been included. The McLachlan Collection was purchased by the British Museum (Natural History) in 1938, upon the death of Mr. H. McLachlan, nephew of the entomologist. Mr. Martin E. Mosely was then in charge of the Trichoptera at the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) and undertook the incorporation of the McLachlan Trichoptera into the main Museum Collections. McLachlan kept two collections, one of European and exotic material and one of British Trichoptera. Specimens in the latter collection bore no locality labels, but only a small, circular label with two numbers on it, referring to the year and accession number in his accession register, in which was entered details of locality, date, captor, etc. This register fortunately came to the Museum with his collection and details from it have been printed or transcribed and attached to the specimens. Before incorporation of material from either collection, the following labels were attached to the specimens by Mosely. A printed B.M. registration label on blue paper, “‘ McLachlan Coll., B.M. 1938-674’ and in most cases also a printed label on blue paper, giving the name over which it was found in the McLachlan Collection. McLachlan usually indicated his type-series with minute labels on pink or mauve paper, with the word “‘ Type’”’ printed on them. I do not think that the actual colour of the paper had any special significance. Standard British Museum type- labels (as used in the Entomological Dept.)—a circular label with the word “‘ Type ”’ encircled with a red ring—have since been added by Mosely or myself, and in the case of species dealt with in this paper I have added my own label, LECTOTYPE or LECTOALLOTYPE, D. E. Kimmins det. 1956. The species are dealt with under their ENTOM. 6, 4. 5 94 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION original generic-specific combinations and the present combination, if different, is indicated under the original combination and is also cross-indexed under the present combination. This has been done because the original combination is fixed and definite, whereas the present combination is sometimes a matter of opinion. Species are arranged alphabetically under genus and species in families. Family RHYACOPHILIDAE Agapetus pactus McLachlan, 1879, p. 481. Kimmins, 1949, p. 37 (¢ holotype, 9 allotype = LECTOTYPE g and LECTOALLOTYPE ¢). Synonym of Agapetus laniger (Pictet). Agapetus celatus McLachlan, 1871, p. 139. Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 112 (Type 2 = LECTOTYPE 9). Agapetus delicatulus McLachlan, 1884, p. 67. LECTOTYPE ¢. Pyrenees, 16/6. Eaton, 1878. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Agapetus delicatulus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Agapetus nimbulus McLachlan, 1879, p. 479. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Bourg d’Oisans. Label in McL.’s writing, Agapetus nimbulus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Agapetus nimbulus McLach., det. McLachlan. This specimen has had the abdomen removed, cleared and placed in a small tube of glycerine. Catagapetus nigrans McLachlan, 1884, p. 68. LecToTYPE ¢g. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882. 27.vii.82. Label in McL.’s writing, Catagapetus nigrans McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Catagapetus nigrans McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTo- ALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Glossosoma privatum McLachlan, 1884, p. 65. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Villa Real, 24/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Glossosoma privatum McL. Printed label (blue), Glossosoma privatum McLach., det. McLachlan. Glossosoma spoliatum McLachlan, 1879, p. 473. LEcTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pau, 18/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, Glossosoma spoliatum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Glossosoma spoliatum McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION — 95 Hydrobiosis frater McLachlan, 18684, p. 207. LEcToTYPE ¢. Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label in McL.’s writing, Hydro- biosis frater McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Lectotype ¢ with right wings between celluloid sheets, abdomen mounted in canada balsam, lectoallotype 2 with abdomen mounted in canada balsam. Hydrobiosis umbripennis McLachlan, 1868a, p. 208. Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 413 (Type ¢ = LECTOTYPE). LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label in McL.’s writing, Hydrobiosis umbripennis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Right wings between celluloid sheets, abdomen mounted in canada balsam. Neurochorema confusum (McLachlan). See Psilochorema. Pseudagapetus diversus McLachlan, 1884, p. 67. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Cea, 4/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Pseudagapetus diversus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Pseudagapetus diversus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE Q. Villa Real, 22/6, otherwise as in male. The lectotype 3 now lacks its head. Present combination. Synagapetus diversus (McL.). Pseudagapetus insons McLachlan, 1879, p. 487. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 6/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, Pseudagapetus insons McL. B.M. 1938-074. Printed label (blue), Pseudagapetus insons McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Present combination. Synagapetus insons (McLachlan). | Psilochorema confusum McLachlan, 1868a, p. 210. LECTOTYPE g. New Zealand. Label in McL.’s writing, Pstlochorema confusum McL., Type. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. The lectotype now lacks both anterior and left posterior wings, the lectoallotype both left wings. Present combination. Newrochorema confusum (McL.). Psilochorema mimicum McLachlan, 1866), p. 274. Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, pp. 426-428 ((Type ¢ = LECTOTYPE 4). LECTOALLOTYPE 9. N. Zeal., 54.4. None of the type-series bears a determination label by McLachlan, that on the lectotype ¢ being in W. F. Kirby’s writing. 96 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Ptilocolepus extensus McLachlan, 1884, p. 70. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Cea, 11/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Pézlocolepus extensus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Ptilocolepus extensus McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcToALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Rhyacophila adjuncta McLachlan, 1884, p. 63. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Villa Real, 25/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Rhyacophila adjuncta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila adjuncta McLach., det. McLachlan. Lecto- ALLOTYPE 9. Date, 23/6, otherwise as in male. The lectotype has had the right clasper removed (? by McLachlan). Rhyacophila albardana McLachlan, 1879, p. 437. LEcToTYPE 4. McL. type-label (mauve). La Grave. Labelin McL.’s writing, albardana McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila albardana McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTOTYPE 9. Same data. Lectotype with right clasper missing. Rhyacophila aquitanica McLachlan, 1879, p. 457. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Mt. Mezenc, 2/8. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, aguitanica McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila aquitanica McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcCTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Rhyacophila contracta McLachlan, 1879, p. 449. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 12/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, contracta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila contracta McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan, 1879, p. 443. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 2/7. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, denticulata McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyaco- phila denticulata McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data, except date, 21/6. Rhyacophila eatoni McLachlan, 1879, p. 463. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 6/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, eatont McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila eatoni McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 97 Rhyacophila evoluta McLachlan, 1879, p. 438. LectoTyPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Le Lioran, 27/7. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, evoluta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila evoluta McLach., det. McLachlan. Rhyacophila fraudulenta McLachlan, 1879, p. 450. LEcToTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Le Lioran, 25/7. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, fraudulenta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila fraudulenta McLach., det. McLachlan. The two paratypes from Monte Rosa, collected by Staudinger, are no longer in the McLachlan collection. Rhyacophila glareosa McLachlan, 1867, p. 62. LECTOTYPE $. McL. type-label (mauve). Stelzing, Jul. 61. 23. Zeller. Label in McL.’s writing, glareosa (Type). B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyaco- phila glareosa McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcCTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data but no number (23). Rhyacophila hageni McLachlan, 1879, p. 447. LEecTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Altvater. Label in McL.’s writing, hageni McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila hageni McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Rhyacophila intermedia McLachlan, 1868, p. 306. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Bruck a/M., Aug. 67. Label in McL.’s writing, intermedia McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila intermedia McLach., det. McLachlan. Rhyacophila lusitanica McLachlan, 1884, p. 63. LecToTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Cea, 9/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Rhyacophila lusitanica McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila lusitanica McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Rhyacophila munda McLachlan. 1862, p. 309. Kimmins, 1949, p. 37 (6 type = LECTOTYPE @). Rhyacophila obliterata McLachlan, 1863), p. 134. Kimmins, 1949, p. 37 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @). Rhyacophila obtusidens McLachlan, 1879, p. 440. LECTOTYPE g. Pyrenees, 30/5. Eaton, 1878. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila persimilis McLach., det. McLachlan. 98 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION In his original description, McLachlan quotes examples from Gave de Pau, Orthez, Basses Pyrenees, 30th May and Défilé de Pierre Lis, near Quillan, Aude, Eaton. He also mentions ‘‘ Switzerland (stated by Meyer-Dur to be general and to occur from the beginning of March up to the end of November) ’’. This quotation suggests that McLachlan had no actual specimens from Switzerland at that time. He certainly received some later, one of which is dated 5/92, the others without year date. If, as I believe, they were all received subsequently, then the type-series must be those quoted above, and in 1880, p. lxxv, he transfers these specimens to R. persimilis, which explains the persimilis determination label. Both obtusidens and persimilis are now considered to be synonyms of R. dorsalis Curtis. Rhyacophila occidentalis McLachlan, 1879, p. 438. LEcTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 8/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, occidentalis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila occidentalis McLach., det. McLachlan. Rhyacophila persimilis McLachlan, 1879, p. 440. LECTOTYPE 4. K6nigsee, Brauer. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila persimilis McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. See remarks about R. obtusidens McL., above. Rhyacophila philopotamoides McLachlan, 1879, p. 463. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 24/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, philopotamoides McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila philopotamoides McLach., det. McLachlan. Rhyacophila praemorsa McLachlan 1879, p. 447. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (mauve). Spa. Label in McL.’s writing, praemorsa McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila praemorsa McLach., det. McLachlan. Rhyacophila proxima McLachlan, 1880, p. lxxvi. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (mauve). Tanninges, Savoy, 9/9/1879. Label in McL.’s writing, proxima McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyaco- phila proxima McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Samoens, 5/9/1879, other data as in male. Rhyacophila relicta McLachlan, 1879, p. 442. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 17/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, velicta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyaco- phila relicta McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION) 99 Rhyacophila rectispina McLachlan, 1884, p. 60. LecToTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Val Anzasca 22.vii.82. Label in McL.’s writing, rectispina McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila rectispina McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Rhyacophila rupta McLachlan, 1879, p. 450. LEecTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 26/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, rupta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Rhyacophila rupta McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Date 20 /6, otherwise as in male. . Rhyacophila septentrionis McLachlan, 1865, p. 157. Kimmins, 1949, p. 37 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE 3). Synagapetus diversus (McLachlan). See Pseudagapetus. Synagapetus dubitans McLachlan, 1879, p. 484 (2) ; 1880, p. lxxviii (3). HoLotyPE 9. McL. type-label (mauve). Autun. Label in McL.’s writing, Synagapetus dubitans McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Synagapetus dubitans McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTOALLOTYPE g. St. Aubin, 29/8. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Synagapetus dubitans McLach., det. McLachlan. Synagapetus insons (McLachlan). See Pseudagapetus. Family PHILOPOTAMIDAE Dolophilus copiosus McLachlan, 1868, p. 303. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Zeller, Carinthia. 27/5/67. Label in McL.’s writing, copiosus McL. B.M. 1938-674.. Printed label (blue), Dolophilus copiosus McLach., det. McLachlan. LrEcTOALLoTYPE 9. McL. type-label (mauve). Date, 20/7/57. Otherwise as in male. The lectotype has had the abdomen cleared and mounted as a microscope preparation in canada balsam. Present combination. Wormaldia copiosa (McL.). Dolophilus corvinus McLachlan, 1884, p. 49. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Cea, 9/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Dolophilus corvinus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Dolophilus corvinus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. The lectotype has had the abdomen removed, cleared and mounted as a microscope preparation. Present combination, Wormaldia corvina (McL.). 1oo0 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Dolophilus pullus McLachlan, 1878, p. 389. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Meyer-Dur, Helvet. Label in McL.’s writing, Dolophilus pullus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Dolophilus pullus McLach., det. McLachlan. The abdomen has been mounted as a microscope preparation. Present combination. Wormaldia pulla (McL.). Philopotamus amphilectus McLachlan, 1884, p. 48. LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Cea, 4/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Philopotamus amphilectus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Philopotamus amphilectus McLach., det. McLachlan. Philopotamus ludificatus McLachlan, 1878, p. 382. Kimmins, 1949, p. 35, (¢ holotype, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 3, LECTOALLOTYPE 9). Philopotamus montanus (Donovan), var. cesareus McLachlan, 1884, p. 47. LECTOTYPE g. Jersey. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Philopotamus montanus, var. cesareus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE?. Same data. Philopotamus variegatus (Scopoli), var. hispanicus McLachlan, 1878, p. 386. LECTOTYPE 2. Spain, Sierra de Gredos. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Philopotamus variegatus Scop., var. hispanicus McLach., det. McLachlan. Philopotamus insularis McLachlan, 1878, p. 384. LECTOTYPE g. Guernsey. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Philopotamus insularis McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. It may be pointed out that mixed with McLachlan’s type-series, were two male Rhyacophila septentrionis and one male Plectrocnemia geniculata. Philopotamus perversus McLachlan, 1884, p. 46. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Villa Real, 25/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Philopotamus perversus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Philopotamus perversus McLach., det. McLachlan. LercrTo- ALLOTYPE 2. McL. type-label (pink). Ruivaées, 29/6. Other data as in male. Wormaldia copiosa (McLachlan). See Dolophilus. Wormaldia corvina (McLachlan). See Dolophilus. Wormaldia pulla (McLachlan). See Dolophilus. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION tor Wormaldia subnigra McLachlan, 1865, p. 142. LECTOTYPE ¢. N. Wales, P. C. Wormald. 35/64. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Wormaldia subnigra McLach., det. McLachlan. This specimen is the only one from any of the original localities mentioned by McLachlan. The abdomen has been removed, cleared and preserved in a small tube of glycerine, attached to the staging pin. Family PoLyCENTROPODIDAE Cyrnus cintranus McLachlan, 1884, p. 54. LecroTyPe ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Cintra, 29/4. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Cyrnus cintranus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Cyrnus cintranus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Cyrnus flavidus McLachlan, 1864, p. 29. Kimmins, 1949, p. 36. (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @). Cyrnus insolutus McLachlan, 1878, p. 406 ; 1898, p. 50. Holotype is unique @. Kimmins, 1949, p. 36 (¢ allotype = LECTOTYPE 4). Dipseudopsis collaris McLachlan, 1863, p. 496. LECTOTYPE ¢. Circular blue label, on one side 61.49. The second example mentioned by McLachlan (North China) is a female, and in the absence of any evidence that it is correctly associated with the lectotype, I do not propose to designate it as the allotype. ce Hong Kong ’’, on other side, Dipseudopsis indica McLachlan, 1875a, p. 18. LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). India. Label in McL.’s writing, Dipseudopsis indicus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Label in Ulmer’s writing, Dipseudopsis indica McL. 2 Siticke. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data, but lacking Ulmer’s label. The lectotype male now lacks both left wings and most legs. The lectoallotype has lost metathorax and abdomen. Dipseudopsis stellata McLachlan, 18752, p. 16. The McLachlan collection contained seven examples labelled Shanghai, 4 3 2 2 and one damaged specimen. His description applies only to the male sex and only one male example bears one of his type-labels. This suggests that the females at least are not of the type-series. Comparison of the writing on the determination labels confirms this and I am of the opinion that McLachlan only had the one ENTOM., 6, 4. 5§ 10o2 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION example before him when drawing up his description, which specimen automatically becomes the HOLOTYPE. Plectrocnemia apennina McLachlan, 1884, p. 52. LrecToTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882. 27.vii.82. Label in McL.’s writing Plectrocnemia appennina McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Plectrocnemia appennina McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. The lectotype male has had the abdomen removed, cleared and preserved in a small tube of glycerine. The spelling of the specific name in the original publication and on McLachlan’s labels was appennina. A Latin dictionary gives the spelling of the locality with only one “‘ p’’, as is the case with the printed locality labels. I therefore consider the spelling appennina to be a lapsus calami and have emended it as above. Plectrocnemia brevis McLachlan, 1871a, p. 145. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Sedrun, 27 July. Label in McL.’s writing, brevis McL. Printed label (blue), Plectrocnemia brevis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Plectrocnemia conspersa Curtis, var. breviuscula McLachlan, 1884, p. 51. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Lago Silissi, 29.vii.1881. Label in McL.’s writing, breviuscula. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Plectrocnemia conspersa Curt., var. breviuscula McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. The female type has the abdomen detached and gummed on card. Plectrocnemia geniculata McLachlan, 18714, p. 145. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Sedrun, 27 July. Label in McL.’s writing, geniculata McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Plectrocnemia geniculata McLach., det. McLachlan. Plectrocnemia laetabilis McLachlan, 1880, p. 1xxiii. LecToTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 24/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, Plectrocnemia laetabilis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue) Plectrocnemia McLach., det. McLachlan. Plectrocnemia scruposa McLachlan, 1880, p. lxxii. LECTOTYPE 4. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 26/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, Plectrocnemia scruposus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Plectrocnemia scruposa McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 103 Polycentropus corniger McLachlan, 1884, p. 53. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Villa Real, 23/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Polycentropus corniger McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Polycentropus corniger McLach., det McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Polycentropus kingi McLachlan, 18814, p. 254. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Inverness-shire, Strathglass, vii— viii. 1880, J. J. F. X. King. 146. 1/81. Label in McL.’s writing Polycentropus kingt McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Polycentropus kingi McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Polycentropus puerilis McLachlan, 18682, p. 204. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label in McL.’s writing, Polycentropus puerilis McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Present combination. Polyplectropus puerilis (McLachlan). Polycentropus subnebulosus McLachlan, 1865, p. 146. Kimmins, 1949, p. 36 (g¢ type = LECTOTYPE @). Synonym of Holocentropus dubius (Rambur). Polycentropus telifer McLachlan, 1884, p. 54. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Cintra, 31/5. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Polycentropus telifer McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Polycentropus telifer McLach., det. McLachlan. Polyplectropus puerilis (McLachlan). See Polycentropus. Family PSyCHOMYIDAE Ecnomus deceptor McLachlan, 1884, p. 55; Mosely, 1948, p. 103. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Bouillon, 9/7. Label in McL.’s writing, Ecnomus deceptor McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Ecnomus deceptor McLach., det. McLachlan. The lectotype male has had its abdomen removed, cleared and mounted in canada balsam. It is from this specimen that Mosely’s description and figures of the male genitalia were made. Lype auripilis McLachlan, 1884, p. 58. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Monchique, 19/5. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Lype auripilis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Lype auripilis McLach., det. McLachlan. 109 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Psychomyia ctenophora McLachlan, 1884, p. 59. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Ponte de Morcellos, 12/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Psychomyia ctenophora McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Psychomyia ctenophora McLach., det. McLachlan. Psychomyia (Homoeocerus) derelicta McLachlan, 1863a, p. clii. Kimmins, 1949, p. 37 (2° type = LECTOTYPE 9). Tinodes assimilis McLachlan, 1865, p. 133. Kimmins, 1949, p. 36 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE Q). Tinodes consueta McLachlan, 1871, p. 138. Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 116 (g type = LECTOTYPE @). Tinodes foedella McLachlan, 1884, p. 57. LECTOTYPE 3g. McL. type-label (pink). Cea, 11/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Tinodes foedella McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Tinodes foedella McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Tinodes merula McLachlan, 1882, p. 160. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (mauve). Madeira, 23/11. Label in McL.’s writing, ZTinodes merula McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Tinodes merula McLach., det. McLachlan. Tinodes pallidula McLachlan, 1878, p. 419. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Saxony. Label in McL.’s writing, Tinodes pallidula McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Tinodes pallidula McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Tinodes pusilla MacLachlan, 1865, p. 132. The type of this species has not been traced in McLachlan’s collection. The specific name is available to replace Tinodes aureole McLachlan nec Zetterstedt. Tinodes rostocki McLachlan, 1878, p. 420. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Saxony. Label in McL.’s writing, Tinodes rostocki McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Tinodes rostocki McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Tinodes zelleri McLachlan, 1878, p. 420. LECTOTYPE §. Carinthia, Raibl Valley, 12 June 1867, Zeller. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (mauve). Zeller, Carinthia, 12/6/67. Label LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 105 in McL.’s writing, Tinodes zelleri McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Tinodes zelleri McLach., det. McLachlan. The lectotype male has been mounted as a microscope preparation. Family HyDROPSYCHIDAE. Amphipsyche proluta McLachlan, 1872, p. 70. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Amur Land. Label in McL.’s writing, Amphipsyche proluta McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Amphipsyche proluta McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Cheumatopsyche albofasciata (McLachlan). See Hydropsyche. Chloropsyche evanescens McLachlan, 1880. p. lxix. LecToTyPE g. Amur Land. Label in McL.’s writing, Chloropsyche evanescens McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Chloropsyche evanescens McLach., det. McLachlan. The second male mentioned by McLachlan is no longer in his collection. Diplectrona felix McLachlan, 1878, p. 376. Kimmins, 1949, p. 35 (¢ type, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 4, LECTOALLOTYPE 9). Hydropsyche albofasciata McLachlan, 1872, p. 68. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Amur Land. Label in McL.’s writing, albofasciata McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydropsyche albofasciata McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Chewmatopsyche albofasciata (McLachlan). Hydropsyche bulbifera McLachlan, 1878, p. 362. Kimmins, 1949, p. 35 (2 allotype = LECTOALLOTYPE 9). Hydropsyche colonica McLachlan, 1871, p. 131. Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 320 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE Q). LECTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label in McL.’s writing, Hydropsyche colonica McL. B.M. 1938-674. The lectoallotype female is the specimen referred to by Mosely (1953) as a paratype. Hydropsyche consanguinea McLachlan, 1884, p. 42. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Persien. Label in McL.’s writing, Hydro- psyche consanguinea McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydropsyche consanguinea McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. The lectotype male has had the abdomen removed, cleared and preserved in a small tube of glycerine. 106 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Hydropsyche fimbriata McLachlan, 1862, p. 309. Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 318 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @). LECTOALLOTYPE 9. N. Zeal. 54.4. Hydropsyche ornatula McLachlan, 1878, p. 363. Kimmins, 1949, p. 35 (3 type, @ allotype = LECTOTYPE 3, LECTOALLOTYPE 9). Hydropsyche stimulans McLachlan, 1878, p. 370. LECTOTYPE §g. McL. type-label (mauve). Turkestan. Label in McL.’s writing, Hydropsyche stimulans McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydropsyche stimulans McLach., det. McLachlan. Abdomen of lectotype in small tube of glycerine. Macronema lautum McLachlan, 1862, p. 308. LECTOTYPE 9. Hong Kong. 61.49. Label in McL.’s writing, M. lauta McL. The lectotype has the right wings expanded and right antenna damaged. Macronema polygrammatum McLachlan, 1871, p. 129. Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 121 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @). Synonym of Macronema transversum (Walker). Macronema radiatum McLachlan, 1872. p. 66. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Sibir. Or., Maack. Label in McL.’s writing, Macronema radiatum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Macronema radiatum McLach., det. McLachlan. Smicridea fasciatella McLachlan, 1871, p. 136. Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 120 (¢ holotype, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 4, LECTOALLOTYPE 9). Smicridea murina McLachlan, 1871, p. 137. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Chili. Label in McL.’s writing, Smicridea murina McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. The abdomen of the male has been mounted in canada balsam as a microscope preparation. Smicridea saucia McLachlan, 1871, p. 137. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Peru. Label in McL.’s writing, Smicridea saucia McL. B.M. 1938-674. The abdomen of the lectotype has been cleared in caustic potash solution and placed in glycerine in a small tube attached to the pin. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 107 Family HyDROPTILIDAE Agraylea pallicornis Eaton, 1873, p. 148. LEecToTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Turin, Ghiliani. Label in McL.’s writing, pallicornis Ein. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Agraylea pallicornis Eaton, det. McLachlan. Present combination. Allotrichia pallicornis (Eaton). Allotrichia pallicornis (Eaton). See Agraylea. Hydroptila angustella McLachlan, 1865, p. 95. LECTOTYPE 9. Middlesex, R. Thames, Nr. Hampton, 12.vii.1865, R. McLachlan.. 26/65. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Orthotrichia angustella McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Orthotrichia angustella (McLachlan). Of the three original specimens mentioned by McLachlan, only the example mentioned above can now be traced in his collection. This specimen now lacks the metathorax and abdomen. Hydroptila campanulata Morton, 1896, p. 103. LECTOTYPE g. Algeria, Eaton. Biskra, 8.ii.94. Label in Morton’s writing, campanulata. B.M. 1938-674. Lectotype male mounted as a microscope preparation in canada balsam by M.E. Mosely. Hydroptila femoralis (Eaton). See Phrixocoma. Hydroptila forcipata (Eaton). See Phrixocoma. Hydroptila fortunata Morton, 1893, p. 76. LECTOTYPE g. Grand Canary, 11/12/80. Label in Morton’s writing, Hydroptila fortunata. B.M. 1938-674. Specimen mounted in canada balsam as a microscope preparation by M. E. Mosely. Hydroptila longispina McLachlan, 1884, p. 71. LECTOTYPE $. McL. type-label (pink). Near Ambleside, viii.1881, J. J. F. X. King. 160. Label in McL.’s writing, longispina McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydroptila femoralis Eaton, det. McLachlan. LEcCTOALLOTYPE Q. Same data. Synonym of Hydroptila tineoides Dalman. Hydroptila occulta (Eaton). See Phrixocoma. 108 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Hydroptila serrata Morton, 18082, p. 108. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Béne, 7.iv.96. Algeria, Eaton. Label in Morton’s writing, Hydroptila serrata. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydroptila serrata Mort., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Hydroptila stellifera Morton, 1893, p. 75. LECTOTYPE g. Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882. 27.vii.82. Label in Morton’s writing, Hydroptila stellifera. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882. 27.vii.82. Label in Morton’s writing, Hydroptila stellifera. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydroptila stellifera Mort., det. McLachlan. I have selected as the lectotype male a specimen mounted in canada balsam as a microscope preparation by M. E. Mosely. Hydroptila uncinata Morton, 1893, p. 77. LECTOTYPE g. Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 1882. 26.vii.82. Label in Morton’s writing, Hydroptila uncinata. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydroptila uncinata Mort., det. McLachlan. The lectotype consists of two preparations, made by Morton, mounted between cover-glasses. These were originally attached to a pin, but have now been fastened by gummed strips to a microscope slide. The other two specimens mentioned have not been traced in the McLachlan collection. Ithytrichia lamellaris Eaton, 1873, p. 140. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Derbyshire, Sandy Brook, near Hanging Bridge, 14.vi.1871, A. E. Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, lamellaris Ein. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Ithytrichia lamellaris Eaton, det. McLachlan. The type has been reduced by the action of pests to a thorax and one pair of wings. The paratype has been similarly affected. Orthotrichia angustella (McLachlan). See Hydroptila. Oxyethira spinosella McLachlan, 1884, p. 72. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Madeira, 25/11/80. Label in McL.’s writing, Oxyethira spinosella McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Oxyethira spinosella McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 92. Same data. Oxyethira unidentata McLachlan, 1884, p. 73. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Silves, 17/5. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Oxyethira unidentata McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Oxyethira unidentata McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION tog Phrixocoma femoralis Eaton, 1873, p. 137. LecToTyPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Derbyshire, Mappleton, 9-10. vi.1871, A. E. Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, femoralis Etn. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydroptila femoralis Eaton, det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE @. Same data. Present combination. Hydroptila femoralis (Eaton), synonym of Hydroptila tineoides Dalman. Phrixocoma forcipata Eaton, 1873, p. 135. LecrotyPe ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Derbyshire, Mappleton, 9-10. vi.1871, A. E. Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, forcipata Etn. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label -(blue), Hydroptila forcipata Eaton, det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE Q. Same data. Present combination. Hydroptila forcipata (Eaton). Phrixocoma occulta Eaton, 1873, p. 135. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Label in McL.’s writing, occulta Ein. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Hydroptila occulta Eaton, det. McLachlan. The type and three paratypes were found, without any locality labels, in McLach- lan’s British Trichoptera collection. Present combination. Hydroptila occulta (Eaton). Family PHRYGANEIDAE Neuronia stalii McLachlan, 1868, p. 289. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Sweden. Label in McL.’s writing, stalit McL. (Type). B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Oligostomis stalii McLach. Present combination. Oligostomis stalit (McLachlan). Oligostomis stalii (McLachlan). See Neuronia. Phryganea obsoleta McLachlan, 1865, p. 16. Kimmins, 1949, p. 33 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE 4). Phyrganea japonica McLachlan, 1866a, p. 248. LECTOTYPE ¢. Hakodadi. Label in McL.’s writing, Phryganea japonica McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Japan. Other data as in male. None of the specimens bears either a McL. type-label or has been marked as “type”? by him. The lectotype male has been chosen from three males to which Mosely had attached co-type labels, two from McLachlan’s collection and one from the British Museum series. I did not select the latter (although I have no doubt that it is one of the type series) because it does not bear a determination label by 110 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION McLachlan, only a hand-written label (not McLachlan, I believe) “‘ Gen. Holostomis, new sp.” The female allotype I have chosen from two in McLachlan’s collection, whose determination labels are in writing which I think belongs to about the right period. I have rejected the specimens collected by Pryer, since at the time of publi- cation of japonica he would only have been about sixteen years old. Family LIMNEPHILIDAE Allogamus hilaris (McLachlan). See Halesus. Allogamus ligonifer (McLachlan). See Halesus. Allogamus mendax (McLachlan). See Halesus. Anabolia dualis (McLachlan). See Arctoecia. Anabolia nervosa (Curtis), var. putoni McLachlan, 1884, p. 7. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Vosges, 1883, Label in McL.’s writing, var. putoni McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Anabolia nervosa (Leach) Curtis, var. putoni McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as male, but lacking McL. type-label and McL. MSS. label. Anabolia soror McLachlan, 1875, p. 104. LECTOTYPE ¢. 29/9/60, Zeller. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Anabolia soror McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Zeller. B. M.1938-674. Printed label (blue), Anabolia soror McLach., det. McLachlan. Anabolia sororcula McLachlan, 1876, p. viii ($) ; 1880, p. xxiv (9). LECTOTYPE ¢. Minsk. Wankowicz. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Anabolia sororcula McLach., det McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Finland, Sahlberg. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Anabolia sororcula McLach., det. McLachlan. Synonym of Anabolia soror McLachlan. Anisogamus difformis (McLachlan). See Stenophylax. Anisogamus noricanus McLachlan, 1875, p. I10. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Alp. noric., Nassfeld, Palmén. Label in McL.’s writing, Anisogamus noricanus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Anisogamus noricanus McLach., det. McLachlan. Annitella (Praeannitella) obscurata (McLachlan). See Chaetopteryx. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 111 Apatania eatoniana McLachlan, 1880, p. xlv. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Mt. Mezenc, 2/8. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, Apatania eatoniana McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue) Apatania eatoniana McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type- label (mauve). Haute Loire, 1/8. Other data as in male. Apatania frigida McLachlan, 1867, p. 57. Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 121 (g$ holotype, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE Q, LECTOALLOTYPE 9°). Synonym of Apatania stigmatella (Zetterstedt). Apatania majuscula McLachlan, 1872, p. 66. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Irkutsk, 20.v.66. Sibir. orient., Maack. Label in McL.’s writing, Apatania majuscula McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Apatania majuscula McLach., det. McLachlan. Apatania meridiana McLachlan, 1880, p. xliv. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 10/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing Apatania meridiana McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Apatania meridiana McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Apatania muliebris McLachlan 1866, p. 113 ; 1876, p. 215. LECTOTYPE 9. Sussex, Arundel, 22.viii.1865, R. McLachlan. 32/65. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Apatania muliebris McLach., det. McLachlan. The abdomen of the type has been made into a microscope preparation and attached to the pin of the specimen. In 1865 (footnote, p. 75) McLachlan gave a brief diagnosis of the species, without giving it a name; in 1866 he gave it the provisional name muliebris, and in 1876 he gave the first full description. I am of the opinion that the name should date from 1866. Apatania wallengreni McLachlan, 18710, p. 281. Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (3 type, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 3, LECTOALLOTYPE 9). Arctoecia dualis McLachlan, 1875, p. 108. LECTOTYPE 92. McL. type-label (pink). Sweden. Label in McL.’s writing, Arctoecia dualis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Arctoecia concentrica Zett., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Anabolia dualis (McLachlan), synonym of Anabolia concen- trica (Zetterstedt). Asynarchus fusorius (McLachlan). See Stenophylax. Catadice estrellensis McLachlan, 1884, p. 13. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Sabugueira, 5/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Catadice estrellensis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed 112 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION label (blue), Catadice estrellensis McLach., det. McLachlan. LEcTOALLOTYPE Q. McL. type-label (pink), otherwise as in male. Present combination. Drusus estrellensis (McLachlan). Chaetopteryx major McLachlan, 1876, p. 198. Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @). LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Roghfr [? Rogenhofer). Chaetopteryx villosa Fb. Austr. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Chaetopteryx major McLach., det. McLachlan. Chaetopteryx obscurata McLachlan, 1884, p. 16 (9). LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Vosges, 1883. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Chaetop- teryx obscurata McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Annitella (Praeannitella) obscurata (McLachlan). Consorophylax consors (McLachlan). See Stenophylax. Consorophylax montivagus (McLachlan). See Stenophylax. Cryptothrix nebulicola McLachlan, 1867, p. 56. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. No 24 in collection sent to Mr. Curtis by M. Pictet, and sub- sequently purchased by the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). 24. Brévent. Purchased from Mr. Curtis. B.M. 1927-468. Drusus estrellensis (McLachlan). See Catadice. Drusus improvisus (McLachlan). See Monocentra. Drusus melanchaetes McLachlan, 1876, p. 177. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Gotthrd, 19.vii. Label in McL.’s writing, Drusus melanchaetes McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Drusus melanchaetes McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Furka. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Drusus melanchaetes McLach., det. McLachlan. Drusus monticola McLachlan, 1876, p. 174. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Seefeld, Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, Drusus monticola McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Drusus monticola McLach., det. McLachlan. Ecclisopteryx madida (McLachlan). See Halesus. Glyphotaelius mutatus McLachlan, 1872, p. 60. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (pink). Sibir. Or., Maack. Label in McL.’s writing, Glyphotaelius mutatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Glypho- _taelius mutatus McLach. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Present combination. Nemotaulius (Macrotaulius) mutatus (McLachlan). LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 113 Grammotaulius brevilinea McLachlan, 1871, p. 107. LECTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Japan. Label in McL.’s writing, Gram- motaulius brevilinea McL. B.M. 1938-674. I am unable to recognize the second example referred to by McLachlan. All the other examples are collected by Pryer or Lewis, whose names would certainly have been mentioned by him. Present combination. Nemotaulius brevilinea (McLachlan). Grammotaulius sibiricus McLachlan, 1874, p. 40; 1876, p. iv; 1880, p. xvi. LECTOTYPE ¢g. Sibir. orient., Maack. Label in McL.’s writing, Grammotaulius sibiricus McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Car. lad., Appelberg. Label in McL.’s writing, Grammotaulius sibiricus 9. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Grammotaulius sibiricus McLach. The abdomens of both male and female have been mounted as microscope prepara- tions. Grammotaulius signatipennis McLachlan, 1876, p. iv (g); 1880, p. xvii (9). LECTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Sibir. orient. Maack. Labels in McL.’s writing, Grammotaulius sibiricus McL., Grammotaulius signatipennis &. B.M. 1938-674. Halesus amplus McLachlan, 1894, p. 421. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Ta-chien-lu. Label in McL.’s writing, Halesus amplus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Pseudostenophylax amplus McL., det. M. E. Mosely. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Thibet, Tatsienlot, Mgr. F. Biet. Label in McL.’s writing, Halesus amplus McL. B.M. 1938-674. The lectotype male has had the abdomen removed, cleared and mounted as a microscope preparation. Present combination. Pseudostenophylax amplus (McLachlan). Halesus hilaris McLachlan, 1876, p. 154. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Airolo. Label in McL.’s writing, Halesus hilaris McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Halesus hilaris McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Present combination. Allogamus hilaris (McLachlan). Halesus ligonifer McLachlan, 1876, p. 155; 1884, p. 13. LECTOALLOTYPE g. Vosges, 1883. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Halesus ligonifer McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Allogamus ligonifer (McLachlan). Halesus madidus McLachlan, 1867, p. 53. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Stelzing, Jul. 61. Zeller. 61. Labels in McL.’s writing, madidus McL. (Type), Ecclisopteryx madida McL. B.M. 1938-674. 114 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Printed label (blue), Ecclisopteryx madida McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLO- TYPE 2. Data as in male, apart from madidus McL. (Type). Present combination. Ecclisopteryx madida (McLachlan). Halesus melampus McLachlan, 1876, p. 158. LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Airolo. Label in McL.’s writing, Halesus melampus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Halesus melampus McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Melampophylax melampus (McLachlan). Halesus mendax McLachlan, 1876, p. 156. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Switzerland. Label in McL.’s writing, Halesus mendax McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Halesus mendax McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Present combination. Allogamus mendax (McLachlan). Hydatophylax infumatus (McLachlan). See Stenophylax. Hydatophylax nigrovittatus (McLachlan). See Platyphylax. Limnophilus centralis Curtis, var. italicus McLachlan, 1884, p. 6. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, Eaton, 2.vili.1882. Label in McL.’s writing, L. centralis, var. italicus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Limnophilus centralis Curt., var. italicus McL., det. McLachlan. LEcTo- ALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Present combination. Limnephilus centralis Curtis, var. ttalicus McLachlan. Limnophilus dispar McLachlan, 1873, p. 97. LECTOTYPE ¢. Minsk, Wankowicz. Label in McL.’s writing, L. dispar. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Limnophilus dispar McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. 13/5/63, Zeller. Other labels as in male. The male has one pair of wings removed and mounted on card. Present combination. Limnephilus dispar McLachlan. Limnophilus extricatus McLachlan, 1865, p. 49. Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (¢ type, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE gj, LECTOALLOTYPE 9). Present combination. Limnephilus extricatus McLachlan. Limnophilus miser McLachlan, 1875, p. 89. Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 124 (type 3g, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE g, LECTO- ALLOTYPE 9). Present combination. Limnephilus miser McLachlan. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 115 Limnophilus pantodapus McLachlan, 1875, p. 70. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Minute label, Lp. in. Label in McL.’s writing, L. pantodapus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Limnophilus pantodapus (Wlgr.) McL., det. McLachlan. Present comibnation. Limnephilus pantodapus McLachlan. Limnophilus picturatus McLachlan, 1875, p. 78. LEcTOTYPE 2. McL. type-label (pink). Sweden. Label in McL.’s writing, L. picturatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Limnophilus picturatus McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Limnephilus picturatus McLachlan. Limnophilus politus McLachlan, 1865, p. 39. Kimmins, 1949, p. 33 (¢ type, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 3, LECTOALLOTYPE Q). Present combination. Limnephilus politus McLachlan. Limnephilus xanthodes McLachlan, 1875, p. 60. LECTOTYPE ¢. Norfolk, Norwich and Ranworth Fen, 1871, C. G. Barrett. 6/71. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Limnophilus xanthodes McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Melampophylax melampus (McLachlan). See Halesus. Mesophylax aspersus Rambur, var canariensis McLachlan, 1882, p. 157. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Grand Canary, 11/12. Canaries, Eaton, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, var. canariensis McLach. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Mesophylax aspersus Ramb., var. canariensis McLach., det. McLachlan. Mesophylax impunctatus McLachlan, 1884, p. 10. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Ziirich, 15.v. Label in McL.’s writing, Mesophylax impunctatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Mesophylax impunctatus McLach., det. McLachlan. Micropterna fissa (McLachlan). See Stenophylax. Micropterna nycterobia McLachlan, 1875, p. 139. Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (2 type, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE Jj, LECTOALLOTYPE 9). Present combination. Stenophylax nycterobia (McLachlan). Micropterna sequax McLachlan, 1875, p. 141. Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE @). Present combination. Stenophylax sequax (McLachlan). 116 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Monocentraimprovisa McLachlan, 1884, p. 15. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, 1.viii.1882, Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, Monocentra improvisa McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label. (blue), Monocentra improvisa McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE Q. Date 2.viii. 1882. otherwise as in male. Present combination. Drusus improvisus (McLachlan). Nemotaulius brevilinea (McLachlan). See Grammotaulius. Nemotaulius (Macrotaulius) mutatus (McLachlan). See Glyphotaelius. Platyphylax nigrovittatus McLachlan, 1872, p. 64. LecToTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Sibir. orient., Maack. Label in McL.’s writing, Platyphylax nigrovittatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Platyphylax nigro-vittatus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Present combination. Hydatophylax nigrovittatus (McLachlan). Pseudopsilopteryx zimmeri (McLachlan). See Psilopteryx. Pseudostenophylax amplus (McLachlan). See Halesus. Pseudostenophylax amurensis (McLachlan). See Stenophylax. Psilopteryx zimmeri McLachlan, 1876, p. 189. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Airolo, 9.x. Label in McL.’s writing, Psilopteryx zimmeri McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Psilopteryx zimmeri McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Pseudopsilopteryx zimmerit (McLachlan). Pycnopsyche limbata (McLachlan). See Stenophylax. Rhadicoleptus spinifer (McLachlan). See Stenophylax. Rhadicoleptus ucenorum (McLachlan). See Stenophylax. Stenophylax amurensis McLachlan, 1880, p. 1xxxii. LECTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (mauve). I. Askold, Amur. Label in McL.’s writing, Stenophylax amurensis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Steno- phylax amurensis McLach., det. McLachlan. According to McLachlan, there was also a female in the De Sélys collection. Ulmer (1907, Coll. Zool. Sélys, fasc. 6 (I), p. 24) makes no mention of this specimen in his LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 117 account of the main De Sélys collection of Trichoptera and it was presumably missing at that time. The example from the McLachlan collection has therefore been desig- nated as lectotype. Present combination. Pseudostenophylax amurensis (McLachlan). Stenophylax consors McLachlan, 1880, p. xxxiii. LecTtoTyPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Savoy, 17/9/79. Label in McL.’s writing, Stenophylax consors McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax consors McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Consorophylax consors (McLachlan). Stenophylax difformis McLachlan, 1867, p. 51. Kimmins, 1949, p. 34 (¢ type, 9 allotype = LECTOTYPE g, LECTOALLOTYPE 9). Present combination. Anisogamus difformis (McLachlan). Stenophylax fissus McLachlan 1875, p. 133. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Montpellier. Label in McL.’s writing, Stenophylax fissus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micropterna fissa McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Tangier, Dec. 1873. Other data as for male. Present combination. Stenophylax fissus McLachlan. Stenophylax fusorius McLachlan, 1875, p. 116. LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Nr. alp. Label in McL.’s writing, Stenophylax fusorius McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax fusorius (Wllgr.) McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Asynarchus fusorius (McLachlan), synonym of Asynarchus lapponicus (Zetterstedt). Stenophylax infumatus McLachlan, 1865, p. 63 (3) ; 1875, p. 124 (9). LEcTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Perthshire: Loch Rannoch dist., 2-12.vi.1865, R. McLachlan. 17/65. Label in McL.’s writing, S. infumatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax infumatus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Surrey, Haslemere, 1868, C. G. Barrett. 31/68. Other data as in male. The lectoallotype female has been selected as it is the first female mentioned by McLachlan in his Monographic Revision. Present combination. Hydatophylax infumatus (McLachlan). Stenophylax limbatus McLachlan, 1871, p. 108. Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 126 (g type = LECTOTYPE Q). Present combination. Pycnopsyche limbata (McLachlan). 118 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Stenophylax montivagus McLachlan, 1867, p. 50. LECTOTYPE g. Stelzing, Jul. 61. Zeller. 5. Label in McL.’s writing, Stenophylax montivagus McL. (Type). B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax monti- vagus McLach., det. McLachlan. The abdomen of the lectotype has been cleared in caustic potash and mounted as a microscope preparation in canada balsam. Present combination. Consorophylax montivagus (McLachlan). Stenophylax mucronatus McLachlan, 1884, p. 9 (). LECTOALLOTYPE Q. Ziirich. Label in McL.’s writing, mucronatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax mucronatus McLach., det. McLachlan. Stenophylax nycterobia (McLachlan). See Micropterna. Stenophylax sequax (McLachlan). See Micropterna. Stenophylax speluncarum McLachlan, 1875, p. 136. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Laibach. Palmén. 54. Label in McL.’s writing, Stenophylax speluncarum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Steno- phylax speluncarum McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Stenophylax spinifer McLachlan, 1875, p. 120. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, Marshall. Label in McL.’s writing, Stenophylax spinifer McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Stenophylax spinifer McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Present combination. Rhadicoleptus spinifer (McLachlan). Stenophylax ucenorum McLachlan, 1876, p. ix. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Col du Lautaret. Label in McL.’s writing, Stenophylax ucenorum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Steno- phylax ucenorum McLach., det McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Present combination. Rhadicoleptus ucenorum (McLachlan). Family MOLANNIDAE Mollanodes zelleri McLachlan, 1866a, p. 179. LEcTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). 28/7/63. Label in McL.’s writing, zelleri McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Molannodes zelleri McLach., det. McLachlan. Molannodes steinii McLachlan, 1872a, p. 118. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Silesia, Stein. Label in McL.’s writing, steintt McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Molannodes steini McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 119 McLachlan lists two examples from Silesia in his collection, sent to him by Dr. Stein, and a male taken in Finland by Fedtschenko. Only one Silesian specimen can now be traced amongst McLachlan’s material and this has been designated the lectotype. It may be pointed out that although the locality label reads “ Silesia, Stein’, the original description states that the specimens were collected by de Chanoin (or von Chauvin). Family CALAMOCERATIDAE Anisocentropus cretosus McLachlan, 18754, p. II. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Bouru, Wallace, Label in McL.’s writing, Anisocentropus cretosus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Anisocentropus dilucidus McLachlan, 1863, p. 494. LECTOTYPE ¢. Circular label ‘‘ N ’’. Rectangular label, N. Gui., Wallace. Saunders, 68.3. Label in McL.’s writing, Anisocentropus dilucidus McLach. Example with expanded wings. Anisocentropus illustris McLachlan, 1863, p. 494. LECTOTYPE ¢. Circular label ““S”’ (Salwatty). Rectangular label, ““N. Gui., Wallace ’’. Saunders, 68.3. Label in McL.’s writing, Anisocentropus illustris McLach. Ascalaphomerus finitimus McLachlan, 1862, p. 304. LECTOTYPE g. N. China, 54.8. Label in McL.’s writing, A. finitimus McL. LEcTOo- ALLOTYPE 9. N. China, 54.8. The lectotype now lacks one antenna and the other is broken and gummed to the left eye. The costal edge of the left fore wing is damaged. The lectoallotype has only the bases of the antennae left and the left fore wing and tip of hind wing are damaged. Heteroplectron californicum McLachlan, 1871, p .125. Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 130 (¢ holotype, 2 allotype = LECTOTYPE 4d, LECTOALLOTYPE 9). Fam. LEPTOCERIDAE Adicella moestella (McLachlan). See Setodes. Adicella reducta (McLachlan). See Setodes. Athripsodes commutatus (McLachlan). See Leptocerus. Athripsodes cuneorum (McLachlan). See Leptocerus. Athripsodes inaequalis (McLachlan). See Leptocerus. Athripsodes interjectus (McLachlan). See Leptocerus. 120 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Erotesis baltica McLachlan, 1877, p. 326. LectTotyPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Oesel, Nolcken. Label in McL.’s writing, Erotesis baltica McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Erotesis baltica McLach., det. McLachlan. Type with abdomen gummed to card. Erotesis (?) melanella McLachlan, 1884, p. 38. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Sao Barnabe, 12/5. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Evotesis melanella McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Erotesis melanella McLach., det. McLachlan. LrEcToALLoTyPE 9. Same data. Hudsonema amabilis (McLachlan). See Tetracentron. Leptocerus cognatus McLachlan, 1862, p. 306; 18684, p. 212. LECTOALLOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label in McL.’s writing, Notanatolica cognata McL. B.M. 1938-674. Present combination. Notanatolica cognata (McLachlan), synonym of Notanatolica magna (Walker). Leptocerus commutatus McLachlan, 1877, p. 308. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Saxony. Label in Rostock’s writing, Leptocerus commutatus Rost. Label in McL.’s writing, commutatus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Leptocerus commutatus McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Athripsodes commutatus (McLachlan). Leptocerus cuneorum McLachlan, 1884, p. 34. LECTOTYPE §. McL. type-label (mauve). Almodovar, 8/5. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Leptocerus cuneorum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Leptocerus cuneorum McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE Q. Same data. Present combination. Athripsodes cuneorum (McLachlan). Leptocerus exiguus McLachlan, 1862, p. 307. Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 263 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE Q). Present combination. Symphitoneuria exigua (McLachlan). Leptocerus inaequalis McLachlan 1884, p. 34. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (mauve). Almodovar, 8/5. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Leptocerus inaequalis McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue) Leptocerus inaequalis McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE &. Same data. Present combination. Athripsodes inaequalis (McLachlan). LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 121 Leptocerus interjectus McLachlan, 1881, p. cxxx. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Bouillon, 10/7. Labelin McL.’s writing, Leptocerus interjectus McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Leptocerus inter- jectus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Same data. Present combination. Athripsodes interjectus (McLachlan). Leptocerus lusitanicus (McLachlan). See Setodes. Mystacides leucoptera McLachlan, 1884, p. 37. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Lago di Garda, I.viii.81. Label in McL.’s writing, Mystacides leucoptera McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue) Mystacides leucoptera McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Notanatolica cognata (McLachlan). See Leptocerus. Oecetis intima McLachlan, 1877, p. 331. LEcTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Krasnowodsk. Label in McL.’s writing, Oecetis intima McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Oecetis intima McLach., det. McLachlan. Oecetis unicolor (McLachlan). See Setodes. Setodes argentifera McLachlan, 1871, p. 129. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). NW. India, Horne. Label in McL.’s writing, Setodes argentifera McL. B.M. 1938-674. Setodes argentipunctella McLachlan, 1877a, p. 105. LECTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). Muckross, Killarney, 18.vili.77, A. E. Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, Setodes argentipunctella McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Setodes argentipunctella McLach., det. McLachlan. Lrcro- ALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Setodes lusitanica McLachlan, 1884, p. 40. LecToTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Ponte de Morcellos, 12/6. Eaton, Portugal, 1880. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Setodes lusitanica McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Leptocerus lusitanicus (McLachlan). Setodes moestella McLachlan, 1868, p. 208. LECTOTYPE 3. McL. type-label (pink). Zeller, Carinthia. 26/6/67. Label in McL.’s writing, moestella McLach. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Adicella filicornis Pict., det. McLachlan. LEcToaLLotypE 9. Date 4/6/67, otherwise as for male. Present combination. Adicella moestella (McLachlan), synonym of Adicella filicornis (Pictet). 122 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Setodes reducta McLachlan, 1865, p. 120. Kimmins, 1949, p. 35 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE 4). Present combination. Adicella reducta (McLachlan). Setodes unicolor McLachlan, 18682, p. 203. Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 301 (g type = LECTOTYPE @). Present combination. Oecetis unicolor (McLachlan). Symphitoneuria exigua (McLachlan). See Leptocerus. Tetracentron amabile McLachlan, 1868a, p. 2o1. LECTOTYPE g. Christchurch, N.Z., Fereday. Label in McL.’s writing, Tetracentron amabilis McL., Type. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. The type has the right wings missing (? removed by McLachlan for figuring) and the allotype has the right wings between celluloid. Present combination. Hudsonema amabilis (McLachlan). Triaenodes reuteri McLachlan 1880, p. Ixv. LecToTyPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Sweden. P. Wg. Label in McL.’s writing, Triaenodes reuteri McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Triaenodes reuteri McLach., det. McLachlan. Family SERICOSTOMATIDAE Brachycentrus albescens McLachlan, 1876, p. 256. LECTOTYPE 3. Petropol. Kolenati. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Brachy- centrus albescens McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as for male but with additional written label, Hydronautia albicans Kolen. Dinarthrum ferox McLachlan, 1871, p. 118. Mosely, 1939, p. 335 (3 holotype = LECTOTYPE @). Helicopsyche lusitanica McLachlan, 1884, p. 28. LecToTyPE 3g. McL. type-label (pink). Eaton, Portugal, 1880. Label in McL.’s writing, Helicopsyche lusitanica McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Heli- copsyche lusitanica McLach., det. McLachlan. Helicopsyche revelieri McLachlan, 1884, p. 29. LEcTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (pink). Porto Vecchio. Label in McL.’s writing, Helicopsyche revelieri McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Helicopsyche revelieri McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Data as for male but lacking McL.’s written label. Micrasema (?) exiguum McLachlan, 1876, p. 265. LECTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (mauve). Zeller. R. 16/7. Dasystoma nigrum Br. 44. lit. 4.59. Label in McL.’s writing, Muicrasema (?) exiguum McL. B.M. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 123 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema minimum McLach., det. McLachlan. Synonym of Micrasema minimum McLachlan. Micrasema longulum McLachlan, 1876, p. 263. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Saxony. Label in McL.’s writing, Micrasema longulum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema longulum McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Both lectotypes have the right wings missing. Micrasema minimum McLachlan, 1876, p. 264. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Mittenwald, Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, Micrasema minimum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema minimum McLach., det. McLachlan. Micrasema moestum (Hagen) McLachlan, 1884, p. 25. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Spain, Sierra de Gredos. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema moestum Hagen, det. McLachlan. Micrasema morosum (McLachlan). See Oligoplectrum. Micrasema scissum McLachlan, 1884, p. 26. Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 136. (¢ holotype = LECTOTYPE 4). Micrasema tristellum McLachlan, 1876, p. 261. LECTOTYPE 3g. McL. type-label (mauve). Bionassay, 23/7. Label in McL.’s writing, Micrasema tristellum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema tristellum McLach., det. McLachlan. Lectotype has right wings missing. Notidobia griseola McLachlan, 1871, p. 112. Kimmins & Denning, 1951, p. 139 (6 type = LECTOTYPE @). Present combination. Sericostoma griseolum (McLachlan). Oligoplectrum morosum McLachlan, 1868, p. 297. LECTOTYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Zeller, Carinthia. 17/7/67. Label in McL.’s writing, Micrasema morosum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema morosum McLach., det. McLachlan. LrecroaLLtotyPe 9. McL. type label (pink). Zeller, Carinthia. 10/7/67. Label in McL.’s writing, D. morosum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Micrasema morosum McLach., det. McLachlan. Present combination. Micrasema morosum (McLachlan). Pseudoeconesus mimus McLachlan, 18942, p. 239. Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. II4. LEcTOTYPE 9. McL. type-label (pink). 11. Wellington, New Zealand. Label in McL.’s writing, Pseudoeconesus mimus McL. B.M. 1938-674: 1244 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION Lectotype has left wings mounted between celluloid and abdomen mounted as a microscope preparation. The preparations are figured in Mosely & Kimmins, 1953. Pseudoeconesus stramineus McLachlan, 18944, p. 240. Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 109. LecToTyPE g. McL. type-label (pink). 12b. New Zealand, Hudson. Label in McL.’s writing, Pseudoeconesus stramineus McL. B.M. 1938-674. LECTOALLOTYPE 2. Mt. Arthur, New Zealand, 2800 ft., 19/1/86. Label in McL.’s writing, Pseud- oeconesus stramineus McL. B.M. 1938-674. The male lectotype has right fore wing and left hind wing mounted between celluloid and abdomen mounted as a microscope preparation. The allotype has the left wings between celluloid and abdomen mounted as microscope preparation. Pycnocentria aureola McLachlan, 1868, p. 200. Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 82 ($ type = LECTOTYPE 4d). Present combination. Pycnocentrodes aureola (McLachlan). Pycnocentria evecta McLachlan, 1868, p. 35. Mosely & Kimmins 1953, p. 37 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE 4). Pycnocentria funerea McLachlan, 18668, p. 252. Mosely & Kimmins, 1953, p. 40 (¢ type = LECTOTYPE Q). Pycnocentrodes aureola (McLachlan). See Pycnocentria. Schizopelex furcifera McLachlan, 1880, p. xlviii. LECTOTYPE ¢. McL. type-label (mauve). Pyrenees, 15/6. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, Schizopelex furcifera McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Schizopelex furcifera McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Data as for male but date 11/6. Sericostoma griseolum (McLachlan). See Notidobia. Sericostoma hamiferum McLachlan, 1876, p. 232. LECTOTYPE ¢. Dartmoor, Leach. Labelsin Mosely’s writing, CO-TY PE, Sericostoma hamiferum McL., det. M. E. Mosely and See McL., Mon. p. 232, found in sertes of S. personatum Spence. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Dartmoor, Leach. CO-TYPE, Sericostoma hamiferum McL., det. M. E. Mosely. McLachlan, in his original description, expresses doubt as to the locality label and suggests that the specimens were from N. Italy. Synonym of Sericostoma galeatum Rambur. Sericostoma subaequale McLachlan, 1898a, p. 49. LECTOTYPE ¢.° Tirol, 31.vii.81. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Sericostoma subaequale McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Date 30.vii.81, otherwise as in male. LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION 125 Silo fumipennis McLachlan, 1865, p. 83. Lectotype ¢. Kent, Sutton-at-Hone, 10.vi.1864, R. McLachlan. 16/64. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Silo nigricornis Pict., det. McLachlan. Lrcto- ALLOTYPE 92. Same data. These specimens no longer bear any label indicating that they were originally the type-series of Silo fumipennis McL., but I have no doubt that they are the specimens referred to by McLachlan. Synonym of Silo nigricornis (Pictet). Silo mediterraneus McLachlan, 1884, p. 23. LecrotyPE ¢. McL. type-label (pink). Apennino Pistojese, 27.vii.1882, Eaton. Label in McL.’s writing, Silo mediterranea McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Silo mediterraneus McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Same data. Thremma gallicum McLachlan, 1880, p. Iviii. LecToTyYPE g. McL. type-label (mauve). Le Lioran, 26/7. Eaton, 1878. Label in McL.’s writing, Thremma gallicum McL. B.M. 1938-674. Printed label (blue), Thremma gallicum McLach., det. McLachlan. LECTOALLOTYPE 9. Pyrenees, 20/6, other labels as in male. The allotype lacks its abdomen. BIBLIOGRAPHY Eaton, A. E. 1873. On the Hydroptilidae, a Family of the Trichoptera. Tvans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1873 : 125-151. Kiumins, D. E. 1949. The Types of certain species of Trichoptera described by Robert McLachlan. Entomologist, 82 : 33-37. Kimmins, D. E. & DeEnninc, D. G. 1951. The McLachlan Types of North American Trichoptera in the British Museum. Ayn. ent. Soc. Amer. 44: 111-140. McLacuian, R. 1862. Characters of New Species of Exotic Trichoptera; also of one New Species inhabiting Britain. Tyvans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1 : 307-311. 1863. On Anisocentropus, a new Genus of Exotic Trichoptera, with Descriptions of Five Species and of a new Species of Dipseudopsis. Ibid. (3) 1: 492-496. 1863a. Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1863 : 151-152. 18636. Notes on British Trichoptera, with Description of a New Species of Rhyacophila. Ent. Ann. 1863 : 129-136. 1864. On the Trichopterous genus Polycentropus, and the allied genera. Ent. mon, Mag. 1 : 25-31. 1865. Trichoptera Britannica; a Monograph of the British Species of Caddis-flies. Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 5 : 1-184. 1866. Note respecting a species of Apatania. Ent. mon. Mag. 3: 113. 1866a. Description d’un genre nouveau et d’une espéce nouvelle d’Insectes Trichopteres Européens (Molannodes zelleri). Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (4) 6 : 175-180. 18666. Description of new or little-known Genera and Species of Exotic Trichoptera ; with Observations on certain Species described by Mr. F. Walker. Tvans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 5: 247-278. 1246 LECTOTYPES OF TRICHOPTERA FROM McLACHLAN COLLECTION McLacuian, R. 1867. Bemerkungen iiber europdische Phryganiden, nebst Beschreibung eineiger neuer Genera und Species. Stett. ent. Zeit. 28 : 50-63. 1868. Contributions to a knowledge of European Trichoptera (First Part). Tvans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1868 : 289-308. 1868a. On some new forms of Trichopterous insects from New Zealand ; with a list of the species known to inhabit those Colonies. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. 10 : 196-214. 1871. On new Forms, etc., of extra-European Trichopterous Insects. Jbid. 11 : 98-141. 1871a. The species of the Trichopterous genus Plectrocnemia. Ent. mon. Mag. 8 :143- 146. 1871b. Notes on the Trichoptera of Zetterstedt’s Insecta Lapponica, in connection with the nomenclature of British species. Ibid. 8 : 281-282. -—— 1872. Matériaux pur une Faune Névroptérologique de l’Asie Septentrionale. Ann. ent. Soc. Belg. 15 : 60-71. 1872a. Notes on the Neuroptera of Siberia and European Russia (in Russian). C.R. Soc. Amis Sci. nat. Mosc. 10 : 113-125. 1874. A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna. London. Pt. 1: 1-46. —— 1875. Ibid. op., pts. 2-3 : 47-144. 1875a. Descriptions de plusieurs Névropteres-Planipennes et Trichoptéres nouveaux de Vile de Celebes, et de quelques espéces nouvelles de Dipseudopsis, avec considérations sur ce genre. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 18: 1-21. 1876. Mon. Rev. Syn. Trich. Pts. 4-5: 145-280, and Supplement, pp. i—xii. 1877. Ibid. op., pt. 6: 281-248. 1877a. Description of a new species of Setodes occurring in the British Isles. Ent. mon. Mag. 14 : 105-106. 1878. Mon. Rev. Syn. Trich., pt. 7 : 349-428. 1879. Ibid. op., pt. 8 : 429-500. 1880. Ibid. op., pt. 9: 501-523, and Supplement, pp. xiii-lxxxiv. 1881. Trichoptéres, Névroptéres-Planipennes, et Pseudo-Névroptéres, récoltés pendant une excursion en Belgique au mois Juillet, 1881. CR. Soc. ent. Belg. 25 : cxxvi-cxxxvi. 1881a. Description of a new species of Trichoptera (Polycentropus kingi) from Scotland. Ent. mon. Mag. 17 : 254-255. 1882. The Neuroptera of Madeira and the Canary Islands. j. Linn. Soc., Zool. 16: 149-184. 1884. A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna. London. 1st Additional Supplement, pp. 1-76. 1894. On two small collections of Neuroptera from Ta-chien-lu, in the Province of Szechuen, Western China, on the frontier of Thibet. Ann. Mag. n. H. (6) 13 : 421-436. 1894a. Some additions to the Neuropterous fauna of New Zealand, with notes on certain described species. Ent. mon. Mag. (2) 5 : 238-243, 270-272. 1898. Some new species of Trichoptera belonging to the European Fauna, with notes on others. Ibid. (2) 9: 46-52. Morton, K. J. 1893. Notes on Hydroptilidae belonging to the European Fauna, with descrip- tions of new species. Tvans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1893 : 75-82. 1896. Hydroptilidae collected in Algeria by the Rev. A. E. Eaton. Ent. mon. Mag. (2) 7: 102-104. 1898. Two new Hydroptilidae from Scotland and Algeria respectively. Ibid. (2) 9: 107-109. MoseEty, M. E. 1939. The Indian Caddis Flies (Trichoptera) Part 7. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 41 : 332-339. 1948. The genitalia of Ecnomus deceptor McL. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 17 : 103-104. MosEty, M. E. & Kimmins, D. E. 1953. The Trichoptera of Australia and New Zealand, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London. 550 pp. NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN (EPHEMEROPTERA, FAM. TRICORYTHIDA) D. E. KIMMINS BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 5 LONDON: 1957 NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN (EPHEMEROPTERA, FAM. TRICORYTHID4) BY D. E. KIMMINS Pp. 127-136 ; 8 Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 5 LONDON : 1957 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted im 1949, is issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical series. Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 5 of the Entomological sertes. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued December, 1957 Price Four Shillings NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN (EPHEMEROPTERA, FAM. TRICORYTHIDA) By D. E. KIMMINS Dept. of Entomology, British Museum (Nat. Hist.) EarLy in 1954, Dr. G. Demoulin published a preliminary account of an extraordinary nymphal Ephemeropteron, under the name Dicercomyzon femorale. His specimens were from the Belgian Congo. When I received his paper, I already had in manu- script a description of a similar nymph from Nyasaland, which was subsequently published (Kimmins, 1955) as Dicercomyzon sp. The publication of these two papers attracted interest in these forms, and I have since received from Dr. M. T. Gillies examples of two more species from Tanganyika Territory and have found examples of the genus in collections made by Professor L. Berner in the Gold Coast. Dr. Demoulin has suggested that Caenis ? sjoestedtt Ulmer from Kilimanjaro should be transferred to Dicercomyzon and Dr. Philip Corbet has informed me that he has seen examples of the nymphs in Uganda. The genus appears therefore to be fairly widespread in Equatorial Africa. Dr. Demoulin had only a partly-transformed female subimago in addition to his nymphs upon which to base his generic diagnosis, so that the material which I have received from Professor Berner and Dr. Gillies represents a considerable advance in our knowledge of the genus. I should like to take this opportunity of thanking them both most sincerely for providing me with this material. I should also like to thank Dr. Demoulin for his kindness in answering a number of queries which I submitted to him and for sending me photocopies of more detailed drawings of D. femorale from a paper he had in manuscript. To Demoulin’s diagnosis of the genus (1954, 1954@) one can add that the eyes of the male are large, globular, set laterally on the head, with a diameter greater than the length of the head. The male forceps are two-segmented, terminal segment longer and narrower than the basal, set fairly wide apart on the forceps-base. Penis-lobes fused, stout, tapering or barrel-shaped in ventral view. Titillators acute, about as long as basal segment of forceps, extending beyond apex of penis-lobes. Dicercomyzon femorale Demoulin I have seen nymphs which I refer to this species from the following Gold Coast localities : Afram R., Mankrong, 13.1x.1950, (7) ; Koloe Stream, 18. viii. 1950, (4) ; Asuboni Stream, Asuboni, 14.ix.1950, (1) ; Animi Stream, Bepong, 12.ix.1950, (I). ENTOM. 6, 5. 6§ 130 NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN Dicercomyzon costale sp. n. (Text-figs. 1, 3) Dicercomyzon sp., nymphs, Kimmins, 1955, Aun. Mag. n. H., (12) 8 : 876-878. GoLp Coast. Afram R., Mankrong, 13.1x.1950, 205 g, 89 9, 14.ix.1950, 18 4, 5 9 (Lewis Berner). TANGANYIKA TERRITORY. Amani, 3,000 ft., 31.iii.1956, 1 g and nymph-skin ; Amani, R. Dodwe, 20. vi.1953, I 2 and nymph-skin ; Gonja, 8. vii.1952, 3 nymphs, X.1952, 3 nymphs, 23.x.1952, I 9 (M. T. Gillies). NYASALAND. Namwere, II.viii.1952, 4 nymphs (Lewis Berner). t Imm. ' PORT ITT aT WY PELAESE < EE EEE EREEEEEL EEE Wie tor dou medal U Leds bpebianna pan prapensannorensteAten ADAIR WY LLL gy > LLY yy Wy Wy ” LL Figs. 1-2. Wings of (1), Dicercomyzon costale sp. n. and (2), D. marginatum sp. n. The Gold Coast material consists largely of subimagines, many partly transformed to imagines, and some imagines. 3 IMAGO (in alcohol). Head fuscous, short and broad, eyes large and globular, set laterally, diameter of eye greater than length of head. Antennae ochraceous. Pronotum fuscous, short, about as wide as head without eyes, posterior margin with a wide, rounded, median excision. Meso- and metanota shining fuscous. Legs ochraceous, apices of femora with three fine black lines, one dorsal, one ventral and one transverse, apical. Fore leg a little shorter than either mid or hind leg (96 : 117 : 123). Claws dissimilar, one hooked, the other large and blunt. Wing hyaline, venation pale fuscous to whitish, costal and subcostal areas warm brownish. Re- current membrane of wing not projecting beyond apex of mesoscutellum. Venation NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN 131 as in Text-fig. 1. Abdomen fuscous, tergites II-VIII each with a pair of median, hyaline spots at the base, sternites slightly paler. Cerci white, shaded with pale fuscous at base. Forceps-base pale fuscous, forceps white. g@ GENITALIA. Forceps-base with apical margin slightly excised at centre. Forceps two-segmented, basal segment globularly swollen in basal two-thirds, terminal segment about twice as long as basal, its apical two-thirds slightly dilated and its surface finely reticulated and set with microscopic setae. Penis-lobes fused to form a subquadrate plate, a little shorter than the basal segment of forceps. From beneath, the sides are slightly convex and the apex is roundly bilobed. On either side of the penis-lobes is a large, acute titillator, about twice as long as the penis-lobes. g$ SUBIMAGO (in alcohol). Coloration of body much as in imago. Wings slightly smoky, with brownish costal margin as in imago. A short recurrent membrane extending beyond apex of mesoscutellum. Q IMAGO (emerging from subimaginal skin, in alcohol). Head fuscous, short, broad, eyes globular, smaller than in male. Thorax light reddish brown. Legs ochraceous, with blackish markings as in male. Wings with costal border paler. Q SUBIMAGO (in alcohol). Darker than imago, wings as in male subimago with rather longer recurrent membrane. Subgenital plate parabolically rounded. Length of wing, 3, 4-6 mm. Dr. M. T. Gillies has sent me the following descriptions of the living insect, made from Tanganyika specimens. Mate 1maGo. “ Thorax buff, fore legs yellow, other legs pale grey, with a minute, reddish brown spot at femoral tip. Abdominal tergites I-VIII white centrally, posterior margin narrowly mauve, broadening out laterally, IX—X sooty brown; sternites white; basal forceps segment yellow, distal segment white. Tails very long, yellow at base, white distally. Body, 45 mm.; wing, 5 mm.; tails 14-15 mm.”’ FEMALE IMAGO. “ Thorax and abdo- men chestnut-brown, fore legs brown in distal half, pale basally, mid and hind legs with a brown knee spot.” MALE suBIMAGO. “ Wings and body sooty grey, tails translucent white, yellowish at base, fore legs pale yellow, others pale grey.” $ holotype (imago), 2 allotype (subimago), Mankrong, 13.ix.1950, in British Museum (Nat. Hist.), paratypes in Brit. Mus. (N.H.) and University of Florida. The nymphs from Tanganyika Territory agree reasonably well with those described by me as Dicercomyzon sp. from Nyasaland. The Tanganyika nymphs appear to have single-segmented maxillary palpi, whereas those from Nyasaland are two- segmented. However, the maxillary palpi in this genus are so much reduced in size as to be probably non-functional and I therefore do not attach any great importance to this difference. Nymphs from both localities have the abdominal tergites slightly elevated along the median dorsal line, a character shared with D. femorale. The imagines from the Gold Coast are slightly smaller than those from Tanganyika but there appears to be no difference in the male genitalia. These facts have led me to associate the Nyasaland nymphs with costale rather than with some nymphs with narrower femora from Koloe Stream, Gold Coast, which appear to belong to the following species (D. marginatum). Both nymphs show a darkening of the costal border of the wing-pads. 132 NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN The 2 subimago may be separated from that of D. femorale Demoulin by the dark band along the costal margin of the wing. The nymphs resemble those of femorale but differ in the processes of the wing-pads, which project over the margin and in the more rounded basal angles of the labium. Dicercomyzon marginatum sp. n. TANGANYIKA TERRITORY. E. Usambara Mts., Amani, Sigi R., 31.viii.195r1, Vil. 1952, Xii. 1952, 1.1953, Vil. 1953, I ¢ imago, 1 g, 2 2 subim., 4 nymphs ; Amani, Forest stream, 2,900 ft., 26.vi.1953, 2 2; Amani Forest, Lion stream, vil.1951, Fics. 3-4. ¢ genitalia, ventral of (3), Dicercomyzon costale sp. n. and (4), D. marginatum sp. n. 1 2; Amani, Kisuga Stream, 900 ft., 2,800 ft., 5.vi.1951, 2 nymphs; Gonja, 26.x.1954, vili.1955, I dg, I 3 subim.; tiny stream by Monga-Denena Rd., I7.Viii.1952, I nymph; S. Pare, Sassaneh R., 5,000 ft., 21.v.1955, 3 nymphs ; Kilimanjaro, Marangu, 25.x.1954, 4 nymphs; Arusha, under stone, 1.i.1956, I nymph, all collected by M. T. Gillies. GoLp Coast. Koloe Stream, 1 8.viii.1950, 4 nymphs (Lewis Berner). 3 IMAGO (in 2% formaldehyde solution). Head pale fuscous, marked with darker fuscous at antennal bases and between ocelli. Antennae whitish. Eyes greyish lavender. Prothorax fuscous. Meso- and metathorax ochraceous with paler markings. Legs pale ochraceous, tinged with fuscous at knees. Fore leg slightly shorter than hind leg. Wing hyaline, venation fuscous, paler in anal area ; costal area, base and apex of subcostal area and apical margin of wing more or less brownish, NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN _ 133 cross-veins margined with brown. Abdomen above with segments I-VIII whitish or faintly tinged with pinkish, IX pale fuscous, X darker, II-VIII with the outer apical angles filled with a roughly triangular, pale brownish patch, not reaching the anterior border and enclosing a whitish spot around the spiracles on II-VI. Abdo- men beneath whitish, faintly fuscous laterally. Forceps-base and forceps whitish, cerci whitish at base, soon becoming pale fuscous. O-lmm. _ A,B,D,F, H,I- O:lmm. CEG; Peyildaed Fic. 5. Dicercomyzon marginatum sp. n. Nymphal mouthparts. (A), labrum ; (B, c), right mandible, ventral; (p, E), left mandible, ventral; (F), right maxilla, ventral; (G), maxillary palp; (H), hypopharynx ; (1), labium. $ GENITALIA similar in structure to D. costale. The joint between basal and terminal segments of forceps obscurely indicated. The basal segment is dilated on its inner surface, nearer the apex than in D. costale, slightly longer. Penis-lobes fused, tapering towards the excised apex ; titillators acute, about as long as basal segment of forceps. d SUBIMAGO. General colour pale fuscous, with piceous thorax. Eyes grey- black. Ocelli margined with blackish. Thorax with very pale fuscous, membrane between the sclerites. Wing smoky brownish, very slightly darker along costal margin, venation pale fuscous, cross-veins in centre of wing bordered with purplish 134 NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN brown. Legs with femora pale fuscous, dorsal and ventral margins darker, tibiae and tarsi very pale fuscous. Abdomen above fuscous, with pale sutures, beneath paler. Forceps pale fuscous. 2 iMAGO. Coloration of wings much as in male but with brownish suffusion of apical margin lacking. Abdomen pale fuscous, with a reddish suffusion above. MATURE NYMPH. General colour tawny yellow, faintly shaded with fuscous. Eyes black, ocelli margined internally with blackish. Wing-pads containing dark, crumpled wings. Mouthparts somewhat resembling those of D. femorale. The maxillary palp is one-segmented. The apical margin of the labium is more rounded 6 ~ Imm, , ; | ee eee donee 7 Fics. 6-7. Dicercomyzon marginatum sp. n., nymph. (6), mid femur, with dorsal and ventral armature, more enlarged ; (7), apex of wing-pads. than in D. femorale, with rounded apical angles. The armature of the ventral surface differs, the median group of teeth being replaced by a transverse row. Wing-pads reaching apex of fourth abdominal segment, inner apical margin of each carrying a short, raised, longitudinal ridge, not extending beyond the margin. Femora thin, flattened, elongate-oval, narrower than in D. costale, margins finely setose, dorsal also with sparse, longer setae. Abdomen with fringed gills on segments II-VI, which are narrower and pointed. Apical margins of tergites with blunt setae, forming a dense patch on each side of a bare median line, elsewhere sparse. Cerci yellowish. IMMATURE NYMPH paler, wing-pads with costal margin of included wing shaded with pale purplish, darker at base and apex. Length of wing, 3, 5 mm. NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN _ 135 3 holotype (Sigi R., 2. vii. 1953) in 2% formaldehyde solution, one wing mounted dry, and paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). The male differs from D. costale in the more extensive brownish suffusion of the wing, which has margined cross-veins, and in the differently formed genitalia. With an earlier consignment of Dicercomyzon material, Dr. Gillies sent the following note on the habits of the nymphs. ““ Nymphs of this genus are very common in streams in the forested areas of the eastern Usambara mountains. They harbour almost exclusively on the underside of fallen leaves held up in the current by twigs and branches or wedged between small rocks. They are found in tiny forest trickles at Amani, 3,000 feet, in water less than an inch deep and in the main Sigi River at all levels down to 700 feet, which is the lower border of the forest. Leaves are seldom held up anywhere except ~) gor ¥ SOVVy » > so Ir so Ir ee) cg eae mat > a?. \ vy / ss ie > sa wv = Vv - aN) so vv Ss > => > wu = 8 Sprocnny Fic. 8. Dicercomyzon marginatum sp. n. nymph. Outlines of gills of abdominal segments II-VI, filaments omitted. near the surface and only where there are obstructions that cause turbulence and eddy formation. Consequently by their choice of habitat the nymphs live under conditions of maximum aeration and, in contrast to Prosopistoma—another lotic form—die very rapidly in still water. For this reason their safe transport to the laboratory for rearing presented considerable difficulties and more than a year elapsed before the first adult was successfully bred out.” Professor Lewis Berner has sent me the following details of the Afram River, at Mankrong, where he took D. costale abundantly. “River flows over boulders and rock outcrops, forming a small cascade, not impressive but nice. River about 100 to 150 feet wide, rather shallow at the rocks, but deeper above and below. Banks heavily wooded. River shallow enough at low water for trucks to drive across. I was told that the river was exceptionally low for this time of year; it should be 8 to ro feet higher. Flow at the cascades 136 NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICERCOMYZON DEMOULIN is as rapid as the less swift sections of the Kpong rapids in the Volta River. Mayfly nymphs were present but scattered. Fauna and conditions in the river reminiscent of those of the Dayi River. There was little vegetation in the water. Water relatively clear, banks of yellow, moderately coarse sand. Tsetse flies numerous. Caught mayflies on porch of rest house which faces stream and is about 200 feet from the river. Began to come about 6.45 p.m. on into evening. The small blackish adults were very numerous after 8.30 p.m.”’ REFERENCES DEMOULIN, G. 1954. Description préliminaire d’un type larvaire nouveau d’Ephéméroptéres Tricorythidae du Congo Belge. Inst. roy. Sci. nat. Belg., Bull. 30(6): 1-4. 1954a. Recherches critiques sur les Ephéméroptéres Tricorythidae d’Afrique et d’Asie. Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 90: 273-276. . Kiommins, D. E. 1955. Ephemeroptera from Nyasaland, with descriptions of three new species and some interesting nymphal forms. Ann. Mag. n. H. (12) 8: 876-878. REVISION OF THE NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA : CERAMBYCIDAE) Il. THE GENUS LAGOCHEIRUS LAWRENCE 5S. DILLON BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 6 LONDON : 1957 REVISION OF THE NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA : CERAMBYCIDAE) Il. THE GENUS LAGOCHEIRUS BY LAWRENCE S. DILLON Kul - Department of Biology, : A. & M. College of Texas, College Station, Texas Pp. 137-166 BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 6 LONDON : 1957 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Paris appear at irregular intervals as they become veady. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 6 of the Entomological Serwes. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued December, 1957 Price Seven Shillings and Sixpence REVISION OF THE NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA : CERAMBYCIDAE) I. THE GENUS LAGOCHEIRUS By LAWRENCE S. DILLON Amonc the most primitive Western Hemisphere members of the tribe Acanthocinini is the genus Lagocheirus, whose components are confined chiefly to Central America and the extreme north-western portion of South America. Only one or two species are known from north of Mexico, where they occur as distinct subspecies of Mexican forms ; in the West Indies, the situation is quite similar, but showing the influence of both Mexico and South America. In addition, one member of the genus is widely distributed throughout the South Pacific, its range extending as far north as the Hawaiian Islands. While this latter species is actually, of course, not “ Neo- tropical ”’ in any sense of the word, its close relationship to those which are found in this region dictates its inclusion here. Primitive features of the genus include, first of all, the median position of the lateral pronotal tubercles. Others equally indicative of primitiveness are the complexity of the pronotal and elytral sculpturing, the breadth of the mesosternal and prosternal process, the loose association of the body parts, the coarseness of the body structure, the armature of the sixth antennal segment, the broad front, and the declivous vertex. To Lagocheirus, the geneta of the Leptostylus-Leptostylopsis complex are most closely related, being differentiated by the lack of an appendix on the antenna, by the less prominent sculpturing of the pronotal disk, and, in the. _ case of Leptostylus, by the more posteriorly-placed lateral tubercles. Materials for this study have been received largely from the British Museum (Natural History) [BM], through the courtesy of J. Balfour-Browne. To supple- ment these, specimens were loaned to the author from the American Museum of Natural History [AMNH], the United States National Museum [USNM], Chicago Natural History Museum [CMNH], Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [ANSP], Cornell University [CU], and the California Academy of Sciences [CAS]. The author wishes to express his appreciation to the gentleman named above and to the curators of the other collections (Mont Cazier, George Vogt, Rupert Wenzel, Harold J. Grant, Jr., Henry Dietrich, and Hugh B. Leech for their courtesy in arrang- ing the loans for him. Especially thanks are extended to Ing. F. de Zayas, of Havana, Cuba, for his generous gift of Cuban specimens. ENTOM. 6, 6. 7 1440 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) DESCRIPTIVE PHRASEOLOGY In order to avoid needless repetition, the following terms (italicized) will be employed for characteristics that are found in all or most of the species : On the pronotum are several short fuscous vittae: of these one set (basal vittae) is found each side of the middle at base, extending forward to about the basal third from the margin and usually angulate, and another set (apical vittae) is directly opposite these near the apical margin and placed more or less strongly obliquely. Additional fuscous or coloured vittae may also be present. On the elytra may be present a varying number of the following fuscous or dark brown markings: scutellar maculae are often found laterally near the apex of the scutellum. At about the basal fourth extending transversely across the suture is a rather narrow postbasal plaga. The largest marking on these organs is the Jateral macula which covers the better portion of the base of the sides and which before middle extends to a greater or lesser degree on to the disk. Just behind this but close to the suture may be an irregular sutural macula, which may be joined by a usually indistinct, undulating postmedian fascia. At the apical fourth the latter is paralleled by a similar (but rather more distinct) preapical fascia. On the antennal segments the annulation is in terms of pale pubescence markings, although actually the only true annuli present are the dark ones toward the apices of the segments. However, not only does this practice follow that of earlier workers, it is quite a bit more convenient than its converse would be. In most species, the males bear an appendix at the apex of the sixth segment which is of some considerable constancy for any specified form, at least within certain limits. In statements as to the length of the appendix, the tuft of hairs upon it is not taken into consideration. Kry TO GENERA RELATED TO Lagocheirus 1. Head with vertex strongly declivous ; antennal scape short, scarcely reaching behind middle of pronotum, not gradually clavate ; ’ ‘ ‘ ; ‘ Head with vertex only slightly declivous ; scape elongate, extending nearly or quite to basal sulcus of pronotum, slender, gradually clavate from base to apex Lagocheirus Erichson 2. Prosternum with a transverse cariniform process at middle . . Sternocheirus gen. n. Prosternum simple... ; 4 : ; ‘ ‘ . Archlagocheirus gen. n. Lagochetrus Erichson Lagocheivus Erichson, 1847, Archiv. Naturg. 13, 1: 144. Thomson, 1860, Class. Cevamb. : 6, 9 ; 1864, Syst. Ceramb. : 355. Lacordaire, 1872, Gen. Col. 9: 759, 762. Leng & Hamilton, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 23: 115. Dillon, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 69 : 136. Lagochirus Erichson, 1873, LeConte, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 11 (265) : 337. Horn, 1880, Tvans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 8: 117. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 144. Casey, 1913, Mem. Col. 4: 303. Large or very large, robust, subdepressed beetles with head usually punctate only around eye; front ranging from one-tenth to one-half again as broad as tall; eye NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 141 with lower lobe subquadrate, erect or transverse. Pronotum strongly transverse, often twice as broad across lateral tubercles as long ; lateral tubercles usually robust, prominent, sometimes small, rounded, always situated at middle of sides; disk punctate, with five prominent tubercles ; transverse sulci shallow, the apical one placed close to margin. Scutellum subtriangular, truncate or rounded at apex. Elytra with basal gibbosity quite evident; disk distinctly punctate, usually granulate at base, costae not prominent, as a rule bearing numerous tufted tubercles especially basally and apically, one or two basal ones on gibbosity much larger than the rest; apices broadly truncate, the angles sometimes subdentate; humeri prominent. Prosternal process two-fifths or one-half as broad as a procoxal cavity, longitudinally concave, simple ; mesosternal process ranging from four-fifths as broad to slightly broader than a mesocoxal cavity, sometimes bituberculate anteriorly ; fifth sternite as long as or slightly longer than fourth in male, distinctly longer in female. Legs successively longer posteriorly ; femora robust, clavate apically, pedunculate basally ; tarsi with first segment slightly shorter than next two together, mesotarsi with first segment a little longer than the second and third combined ; in male protarsi strongly expanded and fringed and protibiae densely fringed apically as well. Antennae ranging from one and two-thirds to more than twice as long as body, slender, fringed beneath only on first two segments and some- times at extreme apex of third; scape slightly elongate, extending a little beyond middle of pronotum, slender, gradually clavate apically ; third segment about one- sixth longer than first ; fourth subequal to (or feebly longer than) first, rest gradually shorter, the sixth usually bearing an appendix at apex in the male. Type species : Lagocheirus plantaris Erichson, by monotypy. KEY TO NEOTROPICAL SPECIES 1. Body beneath glabrous medially, the integument black or piceous, especially on abdomen ; mesosternal process ey declivous anteriorly, its lateral beading rugose : : (rogersi group) 9 Body beneath pubescent medially as well as laterally, the integument dark ferru- gineous ; mesosternal process less strongly declivous anteriorly, its lateral beading not at all rugose . , , (araneiformis group) 2 2. Antennal fourth segment biannulate with ashy . : . (undatus complex) 3 Antennal fourth segment either entirely ashy or broadly singly annulate with that colour ; . (araneiformis complex) 8 3. Eye with upper lobe distinctly wider than interocular space 4 Eye with upper lobe at most subequal to interocular space in width : 5 4. Elytral apices strongly emarginate, the outer angle dentate; elytra behind base with a dense white plaga_. ; ‘ wenzelt Elytral apices at most feebly emarginate, ‘usually subtruncate, the outer angle not at all dentate, disk without white plaga ; : : ; ' dezayast 5. Elytra covered with erect flying hairs ; Pacific Islands : ‘ : . Zimmermant Elytra without erect flying hairs. . 6 6. Pronotum with punctures outlined with white, basal vitae long and distinct ; scutellum with a distinct vitta each side : : undatus Pronotal punctures not white outlined, basal vittae short, not extending far before basal sulcus ; scutellum without vittae i ‘ ; : . ‘ : 7 142 Io. a el 12. 23; 14. NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) Pronotum and elytra basally irregularly maculate with bright fulvous; elytra with a patch of snowy-white pubescence se antennal sixth segment in male without an appendix . ; : simplicicornis Pronotum and elytra dull lead grey pubescent, " without fulvous ‘maculae or white areas ; antennal sixth segment of male appendiculated . : ; procerus Elytra with a broad, white, common fascia behind middle ; pronotum as coarsely punctate on disk as at apex and base ; head and pronotum strongly maculate with fulvous. . foveolatus Elytra without a white, common fascia ; head and pronotum rarely maculate with fulvous, the colour usually dull and not extensive when present ; pronotal disk much more finely punctate than at apex or base. : : avaneiformis Mesosternal process anteriorly with a pronounced tubercle each side ‘ ; ‘ be) Mesosternal process not tuberculate : A II Elytral surface nearly black, costae vittate with bright fulvous or ochraceous : abdominal vitta broken into maculae on each sternite . ; vosaceus Elytral surface bright ferruginous, costae not vittate ; abdominal vitta interrupted only at base of first sternite. ; . praecellens Tarsi with integument spp, out than that of tibia, usually having a gaiten appearance . 12 Tarsi with integument as dark as or darker than that of tibia, never appearing golden ; 13 Scutellum entirely blackish ; pronotal lateral tubercles more or less rounded, low, usually at least twice as broad as high; elytral lateral macula sharply defined plantaris Scutellum blackish medially, margins narrowly paler; pronotal lateral tubercles conical, nearly as high as broad ; elytral lateral macula indistinct . . tuberculatus Tarsi fuscous pubescent, only the first segment ashy-annulate ; elytra with basal gibbosity strongly tumid, subhemispherical; body beneath with lateral pale vitta broad, continuous from back of metasternum to apex of fourth abdominal sternite, except for an interruption on base of first sternite . ; . cristulatus Tarsi with at least the first two segments entirely ashy pubescent ; elytral basal gibbosity not very prominent, usually only feebly elevated ; body beneath with lateral pale vitta broken into a transverse macula on each sternite . 5 14 Scutellum broadly vittate with fuscous each side ; elytra with lateral macula very irregular in outline, often incised posteriorly, basal sigisces a near suture extending to or behind middle . : vogerst Scutellum entirely fuscous except for basal angles and narrow pale margins ; ‘elytra with lateral macula smooth in outline, rarely shallowly incised posteriorly, basal granules not extending to middle : ; : , ; , : . integer ARANEIFORMIS GROUP In this group, the integument of the body beneath is reddish-brown, not glabrous medially, and the prosternal and mesosternal processes are not rugose on the lateral beading. The antennae are somewhat more elongate, with at least the sixth segment attaining elytral apex in the male, and the seventh in the female. THE UNDATUS COMPLEX In this group of species, the tarsi are fuscous with at least the first two segments ashy pubescent. The antennae are biannulate on the fourth segment and frequently on the third to fifth or sixth as well. NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 143 Lagochetrus undatus undatus (Voet) Cerambyx undatus Voet, 1778, Cat. Col. 2: 11, pl. 9, fig. 34; 1794, ed. Panzer, 3 : 27, pl. 9, fig. 24. Lagocheirus obsoletus Thomson, 1860, Class Ceramb.: 10. (Syn. n.] Lagochirus obsoletus Thomson. Bates, 1880, Biol Centr.-Amer., Col. 5: 145, 383. Lagochirus longipennis Bates, idem. Mate. Dark reddish-brown, densely covered dull ashy brown or fulvous pub- escence. Head on vertex with two small interocular fuscous maculae. Pronotum with apical vittae slender, sometimes sinuous, set at an angle of 45° to the median line ; basal vittae twice as broad, somewhat narrowed anteriorly, broadly angulate ; a short median basal vitta or macula also present as a rule, lateral basal markings indistinct ; punctures and the vittae margined with whitish. Scutellum with two fuscous vittae, sometimes poorly defined, extending to base from sides near apex ; basal angles whitish. Elytra nearly uniformly dull brownish or ochraceous pubes- cent, punctures, especially on apical half, narrowly outlined with whitish, postbasal impression frequently tinged with ashy or sometimes nearly entirely pale ashy ; postbasal plaga indistinct or wanting ; circumscutellar maculae and postmedian fascia lacking, and preapical fascia reduced and indistinct ; lateral macula usually fairly pro- minent, dark brown, as a rule accentuated with fuscous along its anterior margin and on disk, posteriorly sinuous or irregular, usually followed by some whitish pubescence ; sutural macula sublinear, feebly oblique, often reduced; costae often brighter fulvous pubescent. Body beneath and legs densely dull whitish pubescent, faintly mottled with brown; sternum tinged on sides with brown or fulvous; tibiae bimaculate (metatibiae trimaculate) with dark brown on outer edge. Antennae with first segment, and often most of third, ashy and brown pubescent, scape indistinctly fuscous annulate apically ; rest fuscous pubescent, fourth to sixth (or rarely seventh) biannulate with ashy, as is the third occasionally ; seventh to eleventh with a single ashy annulus which (from above) is no broader than apical fuscous portion. Head scarcely impressed between eyes ; front finely, rather densely, quite evidently punctate, broadly convex, one-third wider than high, near eye with several coarse setigerous punctures ; eye with lower lobe one-third again as tall as gena, distinctly higher than wide. Pronotum with disk transversely tumid, the five tubercles equally elevated, finely punctate except on tubercles, the apical and basal rows distinctly coarser. Elytra finely, usually densely granulate-punctate from extreme base to basal third, thence punctures simple, fine, and less dense to apex ; apices truncate or emarginate, the angles scarcely prominent; discal carina entire or confined to apical half, bearing 10-12 very low tufts; rest of surface very rarely provided with long, flying hairs (in only two cases, both from Jalapa) ; basal gibbosity scarcely evident, provided with a single large tubercle at base. Antennae with sixth segment attaining (or slightly surpassing) elytral apex ; scape attaining basal third of pronotum ; third segment one-fourth again as long as first ; fourth one-fifth shorter than third ; rest strongly diminishing in length, sixth segment with appendix slender, elongate, at least equal in length to width of segment, subparallel- sided, often expanded apically. Protibiae densely fuscous-fringed. 1444 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) FEMALE. Pronotal disk scarcely tumid, the tubercles of disk more sharply elevated. Antennae with seventh segment attaining elytral apex. Protibiae and protarsi not fringed. Length 15-21 mm. ; width 6-8-7 mm. Type localities: ‘‘ Indiis Orientalibus’’ [wndatus]; Mexico [obsoletus]; R. Sarston, British Honduras [longipennis]. DISTRIBUTION. From North Central Mexico to Nicaragua. Mexico: 1, no further data [CAS]. 1, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, July 7 [CAS]. 3, Venedio, Sin., July-Aug. [CAS; USNM]. 2, Tamazunchale, $.L.P. [CMNH]. 1, Ocotlan, Jalisco, Aug. [CAS]. 3, Colonia, Guerrero, Nov. 16 [CAS]. 1, Chilpan- cingo, Guerrero [BM]. 3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Oct. [CAS]. 1, Tepotzlan, Morelos [CMNH]. 1, Colima, Nov. 24 [AMNH]. 1, Tehuacan, Puebla, July 6 [CMNH]. 2, Jalapa, Vera Cruz [BM]. 1, Oaxaco, July 24, 5,000 ft. [CAS]. 1, Almalonga [BM]. Guatemala : 1, El Naranjo, Chic., July 12, on Cinchona[USNM]. 1, San Geronimo [BM]. Honduras: 1, Zamorana, Morazan, 2,600 ft. on papaya, July 16 [USNM]. Nicaragua: 1, Chontales [BM]. Lagocheirus undatus mariorum Dillon, ssp. n. FEMALE. Differing from the type form only as follows: Pubescence of body above and below longer and coarser, causing a shaggy appearance. Eyes with upper lobes distinctly wider than interocular space. Pronotum with lateral tubercle more obtuse, rounded at apex and without a process ; discal tubercle less prominent ; basal vittae of nearly uniform width throughout. Scutellum with black vittae attaining apex, not attaining base. Elytra with tufts more numerous and longer ; apices distinctly obliquely truncate. Prosternal process less than half as broad as procoxal cavity, while in the typical form it is more than half. Body beneath with mottling somewhat more pronounced, especially medially. Antennae with only the fourth and fifth segments biannulate. Length 12:5-14 mm. ; width 5-5°2 mm. Holotype: Female; Maria Madre Island, Tres Marios Islands, Mexico, May 21, 1923 (H. H. Keifer) [CAS]. Paratype: Female ; same data as holotype [CAS]. Lagocheirus dezayasi Dillon, sp. n. Lagocheirus obsoletus Thomson. Gahan, 1895, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. : 130 [misdet.]. MALE. Resembles obsoletus very closely, differing only in the following details. Pronotum with apical vittae obsolete or wanting; punctures not outlined with white. Scutellum without distinct vittae but broadly and vaguely tinged with dark brown on each side. Elytral pubescence largely pale ashy, so that the whitish margin of the apical punctures scarcely contrasts with it ; postbasal plaga usually wanting ; lateral macula often so pale as to be hardly evident. Body beneath NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 145 strongly mottled with dark brown, sometimes the latter colour predominating over the pale ashy. Eye with upper lobe one-fourth to one-half again as broad as interocular space. Pronotal disk with punctures sparser, usually wanting between the several basal tubercles. Elytral apices never emarginate, the angles not at all prominent. Antennal sixth segment with appendix usually shorter than width of segment, rarely slightly exceeding it. FEMALE. Differs in much the same manner as does the male. Length 13-18 mm. ; width 6-7-5 mm. Holotype: Male; environs of Havana, Cuba, on Cassava, Manihot esculenta, (F. de Zayas) [author’s collection]. Allotype: Female ; Cayamas, Cuba, May 1922 [ANSP]. Paratypes: 4, Cuba [BM]. 1, Havana (T. Cockerell) [AMNH]. Lagocheirus zimmermant zimmermani Dillon Lagocheirus zimmermani Dillon, 1952, Ent. News, 63 : 207. MALE. Identical to obsoletus obsoletus except as follows: Pubescence of body above in general distinctly brown or fulvous, not ashy ; across basal half of pronotum and on entire elytron with numerous, long, erect, pale brown hairs. Pronotal disk less strongly tumid, the discal tubercles more distinctly elevated ; disk with punc- tures quite numerous between the basal tubercles. Scutellar vittae poorly defined. Elytra with two or three strongly pronounced carinae at base; the apical carinae likewise more prominent ; basal tubercle much larger; tufts longer and more densely situated. Antennae with scape not fuscous annulate at apex; third seg- ment never distinctly biannulate ; fourth and fifth distinctly, sixth usually not at all but rarely indistinctly, biannulate ; sixth segment with appendix usually quite small, never much longer than width of segment, slender. FEMALE. Differing from females of O. obsoletus in much the same fashion as do the corresponding males. ; Length 11-14 mm. ; width 5-6-2 mm. Type locality : Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. DIsTRIBUTION. The Hawaiian and Society Islands. Hawaii: 2, no further data [BM]. 8, Honolulu [CAS]. 1, Kahaluu, Oahu, July 7 [CAS]. 2, Napoopoo [ANSP]. Tahiti: 1, Fontana Valley, 2,500 ft., Mar. 13 [BM]. Moorea: 1, no further data [BM]. REMARKS. The two Society Island specimens above are slightly paler in colour than typical examples. Lagocheirus zimmermani aukena Dillon, ssp. n. Mate. From the typical form, this is distinguished by the apical vittae of the pronotum being absent or obsolete and by the presence on the middle portion of the ENTOM. 6, 6. 78 1440 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) elytron of a considerable amount of whitish pubescence. The lateral macula of the elytra also is paler. Length 18 mm. ; width 7-6 mm. Holotype: Male; Aukena Is., Mangareva Islands, June 26, 1934, on breadfruit [BM]. Lagocheirus wenzeli Dillon, sp. n. MALE. In general similar to obsoletus, differing chiefly as follows: Pronotum, scutellum, and elytra on basal fifth chocolate-brown pubescent. Pronotum with three fine, short vittae (one at centre and one above lateral tubercle), and a number of small, irregular, scattered maculae of ochraceous ; apical vittae anteriorly recurved toward sides, narrower posteriorly ; basal vittae rather broad, straight, only attain- ing base of discal tubercles. Scutellum without fuscous markings. Elytra with postbasal plaga vague, followed nearly to middle by a transverse area of dense white tomentum, which is tinted here and there with ochraceous; the white also outlining the lateral macula and forming rounded maculae over entire apical half of elytron; sutural macula indistinct; the usual tufts are replaced by small, irregular, fuscous maculae, some of which also are arranged transversely in the customary position of the preapical fascia. All three pairs of tibiae with a broad whitish annulus before middle. Antennae with only third and fourth segment biannulate. Head with front nearly planate, one-fourth again as wide as high ; eye with lower lobe quadrate, about one-third again as tall as gena, upper lobe nearly one-half again as wide as interocular space. Pronotum with median discal tubercle quite small, scarcely a fifth as large as the others. Elytra with basal gibbosity and all carinae feebly elevated; basal tubercle quite large, prominent ; apices broadly, transversely emarginate, the outer angle briefly dentate. Prosternal process three- eighths as broad as a procoxal cavity, deeply sulcate, especially anteriorly. Anten- nae with fifth segment attaining elytral apex ; third segment nearly half again as long as first ; fourth feebly shorter than third ; rest gradually diminishing in length ; sixth segment with appendix much longer than width of segment, tapering apically. Length 25 mm. ; width 10 mm. Holotype: Male; near Compostela, Nayarit, Mexico, June 29, 1933 [CMNH]. REMARKS. It isa pleasure to name this species for Rupert Wenzel, of the Chicago Museum of Natural History, from whom the author has received many favours. The species is distinguished by the narrowly separated eye, the dentate elytral apex, the quadrate lower ocular lobe, as well as by the maculation of the pronotum and elytra. Particularly, the presence of fuscous maculae in place of tufts on the elytral carinae is diagnostic. Lagochetrus procerus (Casey) Lagochirus procerus Casey, 1913, Mem. Col. 4 : 304. Lagocheirus procerus Casey. Dillon, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 40 : 140, fig. 3. Mate. Much larger than obsoleius but in general quite similar to that species. From it, procerus is distinct in having the pubescence of the body above largely NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 147 whitish, tinged irregularly with brown. Pronotum with punctures not outlined with whitish, apical vittae fine, rather short, set at an angle of about 60°; basal vittae fine, short, extending just to base of discal tubercles; median and lateral vittae wanting. Scutellum without vittae or other markings. Elytra with post- basal plaga indistinct, broadly interrupted at suture, its segments arcuate ; sutural macula sometimes evident, narrow, arcuate; postmedian fascia always absent ; preapical fascia pronounced, narrow, strongly angulate; area behind this fascia usually darker brown pubescent; punctures only occasionally outlined with whitish. Body beneath whitish pubescent, only moderately mottled with brown laterally. Legs rather heavily mottled with dark brown. Antennae with only fourth and fifth segments biannulated. Head on vertex between eyes distinctly impressed ; eye with lower lobe slightly transverse, scarcely exceeding gena in height, upper lobe not quite so wide as interocular space. Pronotum much more strongly transverse ; disk not so tumid, the discal tubercles much more prominent. Elytra with carinae scarcely evident, tufts short, widely spaced ; basal gibbosity rather prominent, basal tubercle fairly large. Prosternal process deeply sulcate, not more than two-fifths so broad as a procoxal cavity ; mesosternal process more strongly angulated on sides at apex. Antennae with fifth segment attaining elytral apex ; third segment one-half again as long as first ; fourth equal to third; fifth slightly shorter than fourth; sixth equal to scape, appendix very short, tuberculiform. FEMALE. Antennae with sixth segment attaining elytral apex. Length 19-28 mm. ; width 7-5-11-5 mm. Type locality : “‘ Probably from Lower California ”’. DISTRIBUTION. Southern and Lower California. Lower California: 18, Santa Rosa [CAS]. 8, 3 mi. north of San Pedro, July 6, 1938 (Michelbacher & Ross) [CAS]. I, 20 mi. north of Comondu, July 23, 1938 Michelbacher & Ross) [CAS]. 2, Todos Santos, October 18, 1941 (Ross & Bohart) [CAS]. 1, Coyote Cove, Conception Bay, July 24 [CAS]. Lagocheirus simplicicornts Bates Lagocheirus simplicicornis Bates, 1872, Tvans. Ent. Soc. Lond. : 210. Lagochirus simplicicornis Bates. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 146, pl. 11, fig. 14. Mate. Morphologically most closely related to procerus, but in coloration similar to obsoletus, from which it differs as follows: Head on vertex and around eyes, and pronotum on lateral and discal tubercles touched with silky ochraceous pubescence. Pronotum with apical vittae indistinct, short, fine ; basal vittae fine, not extending on to basal tubercles. Scutellum without vittae. Elytra with carinae ochraceous, the entire middle portion of disk snowy-white ; postbasal plaga in- distinct, straight, preapical fascia somewhat pronounced, the apical portion of disk brownish; tufts low, few in number. Body beneath ashy-white, pubescent, unmottled, laterally broadly tinged with ochraceous. Antennae with segments 3-6 biannulate, rest very broadly singly annulate with ashy. 148 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) Head with front rugosely punctate, deeply transversely impressed just above epistoma ; eye with lower lobe slightly transverse, scarcely taller than gena, upper lobe distinctly narrower than interocular space. Elytra with carinae strongly prominent on apical half ; basal tubercle large, followed by a strong carina, the other basal carinae weak; apices broadly, arcuately truncate. Prosternal process half as wide as a procoxal cavity, deeply sulcate. Antennae with fifth segment attaining elytral apex ; third segment one-third longer than the very elongate scape ; fourth subequal to third; fifth and following gradually shorter ; sixth without a trace of an appendix. | Length 19 mm. ; width 8 mm. Type locality : Chontales, Nicaragua. DISTRIBUTION. The middle portion of Central America. Costa Rica: 1, Candelaria Valley, 500-700 m., Dec. 28, 1923, on Bursera (F. Nevermann) [USNM]. REMARKS. From procerus, to which it is very closely related, this species is distinct in having the front rugosely punctate, in the ochraceous-tinted pronotum, the arcuately truncate elytral apices, the prominent elytral carinae, and in the unarmed sixth antennal segment. THE ARANEIFORMIS COMPLEX In this complex the third to sixth antennal segments are either unicolorous or broadly singly annulate with ashy. On the elytra the postmedian and preapical fasciae are usually quite distinct. Lagochetrus araneiformis stroheckert Dillon Lagocheirus stroheckeri Dillon, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 69 : 138, fig. 2. Mate. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, densely covered with greyish-brown or fulvous brown pubescence. Head, body beneath, legs, and antennal scape finely mottled with dark brown. Head above and especially on front clouded with brown ; on vertex between eyes with a pair of small, velvety black maculae, which are often more or less coalescent. Pronotum on disk sometimes broadly clouded with brownish ; apical vittae in the form of a single arc, usually twice interrupted anteriorly, basal vittae strongly angulate, broad basally, narrowed anteriorly where they are prolonged over apex of discal tubercles ; discal punctures very narrowly annulate with white. Scutellum each side basally with a large, rounded, black macula, the two together occupying most of basal half. Elytra broadly clouded with brown across base; scutellar maculae distinct, outlining most of sides of scutellum, and often apex as well ; on base a vague fuscous area continuing the basal vittae of pronotum ; postbasal plaga rather distinct ; lateral macula prolonged a little more strongly on to disk than in undatus, nearly uniformly dark brown through- out, on side of disk behind humerus preceded by a whitish dot, posteriorly the discal angle not sharply pronounced, rather broadly outlined behind by whitish pubescence which is not arranged in a definite form ; sutural macula elongate, slightly oblique, much more evident than the short postmedian fascia; preapical fascia visible NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 149 but not prominent, broad suturally, strongly narrowed laterally, the undulations rounded ; behind scutellum along suture a whitish vitta extending to basal sixth ; costae with rows of very unequal-sized black tufts, that of suture continuous nearly to apex, the others broadly interrupted. Antennae uniformly ashy-brown pubescent or indistinctly annulate. Head finely sparsely punctate ; front about one-third again as wide as high ; eye with lower lobe subquadrate, nearly one-half again as tall as gena. Pronotum twice as wide across lateral tubercles as long; lateral tubercles broad, conical, acute, armed with a short tooth at apex; disk not tumid, tubercles prominent, subequal, before each lateral tubercle a small cariniform fold or tubercle, punctation sparse and rather coarse. Elytra rather sparsely and moderately coarsely punctate to behind basal fifth, the punctures thence simple and gradually finer to apical third, apically punctures very shallow and sparse, nearly entirely disappearing before apex; basal gibbosity broad, scarcely prominent, the basal tubercle rather pro- nounced, as are the basal carinae; apices broadly, squarely truncate, marginal angle prominent. Antennae two-thirds again as long as body; scape attaining apical fourth of pronotum ; third segment one-sixth to one-fifth again as long as first; fourth subequal to first; rest gradually shorter; sixth segment with a rounded appendix at apex which is not so long as the thickness of segment. FEMALE. Differs from the male only in the shorter antennae, which are nearly one-half again as long as body, in the sixth antennal segment lacking a process, as well as in the simple protarsi. Length 13-24 mm. ; width 6-10 mm. Type locality : Miami, Florida. DISTRIBUTION. Southern Florida and Cuba. Cuba: 4, no further data [BM; CMNH]. 4, Havana (F. de Zayas) [author’s coll.]. 2, Holquin [BM]. REMARKS. This subspecies is especially characterized by the sparse, relatively coarse punctation of the base of the elytra, and by the extent of the black maculation on the scutellum. Other characters usually present are the postscutellar pale vitta along the suture (often reduced in Cuban examples), the scutellar maculae of the elytra nearly encircling the scutellum, the broad white outline of the postmedian macula, and the obtusely angulated, strongly narrowed preapical elytral fascia. The close relationship of the Cuban and Florida populations is another indication that the tropical elements now present in southern Florida possibly were absent during the Wisconsin Ice Age (see Dillon, Science, 123, 1956, pp. 167-176). Lagocheirus aranetformis araneiformis (Linné) Cerambyx avaneiformis Linné, 1767, Syst. Nat., ed. 12 : 625. FEMALE. In this form, the punctation of the elytra is much finer and denser and that of the pronotum finer, than in stroheckert. On the scutellum, the black macula- tion is confined broadly to the basal angles. On the elytra the scutellar maculae are greatly reduced and are to be found only adjacent to the apical angles of the scutellum ; postscutellar whitish vitta absent (as it is in all the following subspecies) ; 150 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) lateral macula very finely and briefly margined with white posteriorly ; postmedian fascia obsolete ; preapical fascia indistinct, obtusely angulated, uniformly narrow throughout ; black tufts very fine, scarcely larger than the punctures. Antennae with segments rather distinctly uniannulate ; forth segment sometimes biannulate. Length 17:3 mm. ; width 8 mm. Type locality : Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION. Jamaica and Hispaniola. Jamaica: 2, no further data [BM ; ANSP]. Dominican Republic: 1, Higueral, Feb. 1914 [ANSP]. 1, San Francisco Mts., Sept. 15 [ANSP]. REMARKS. The Hispaniola examples approach the Cuban and Puerto Rican populations in having the elytral punctation notably coarser than topotypic specimens. Lagocheirus araneiformis guadeloupensis Dillon, ssp. n. MALE. Scutellum nearly as in stroheckert, the basal maculae not quite so extensive. Elytra finely punctate as in the nominotype, which it also resembles in the fine black tufting ; scutellar maculae nearly as extensive as in stroheckeri ; disk broadly pale (almost white) pubescent from behind base to apical third; lateral maculae outlined rather broadly behind with a fairly wide, zigzag, white line ; postmedian fascia indistinct ; preapical fascia very broad, acutely angulate at suture, lateral angulation produced forward nearly as far as sutural. Antennae very broadly uniannulate ; sixth segment with process quite long for the species, being nearly equal to the width of the segment. Length 17-18 mm. ; width 8-8-2 mm. Holotype: Male; Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe [AMNH]. Allotype: Female, Guadeloupe [BM]. Paratypes: I, Puerto Rico [CAS]. 1, Mayaguez, P. R., May (E. G. Linsley) [CAS]. 2, San Germain, P. R. [CAS]. REMARKS. The Puerto Rican examples are somewhat transitional toward the nominotype, especially in the maculation on and around the scutellum. The pale pubescence of the elytra is also not so pronounced and the preapical fascia is much narrower. Lagocheirus araneiformis insulorum Dillon, ssp. n. Mate. As might be expected from the many isolated populations here grouped under one name, this subspecies is poorly defined and rather heterogeneous. Pronotum with apical vittae set at about a 45° angle with the median line, nearly straight, usually not conjoined in a continuous arc. Scutellum typically entirely clouded with fuscous, sometimes with basal angles more or less broadly maculate with black. Elytra with scutellar maculae usually indistinct or wanting, sometimes as in the nominotype; lateral maculae broadly margined behind with whitish pubescent, which only occasionally produces a zigzag line ; disk largely with brown pubescence, mixed with whitish in the postbasal impression; postmedian fascia indistinct ; preapical fascia rather narrow, a little wider near suture, the lateral NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 151 undulation produced further cephalad than the sutural, which is vague anteriorly. Antennae with segments moderately narrowly, very prominently uniannulate, sixth segment with appendix broad, slightly shorter than width of segment. Length 15-28 mm. ; width 6-11-5 mm. Holotype: Male; St. Vincent Is. (H. H. Smith) [BM]. Allotype : Female ; Leeward side, St. Vincent Is. (H. H. Smith) [BM]. Paratypes: 1, Dominica [BM]. 2, Martinique [BM]. 2, St Vincent [BM]. 1, Becquia Is. Grenadines [BM]. 1, Mustique Isl., Grenadines [BM]. 1, Costries, St. Lucia [BM]. 3, Grenada [BM]. 3, Balthagar, Grenada [BM]. 1, Mount Gay Est., Leeward side, Grenada [BM]. Lagocheirus araneiformis fulvescens Dillon, ssp. n. MALE. The two mainland subspecies differ from the insular and Florida forms markedly in having the postmedian dark fascia well developed, whereas the latter usually have this band lacking or obsolete. In the present form, the pronotum as well as the elytra are covered in large part with fulvous pubescence. Scutellum with basal black markings narrow, sublinear, continuing the scutellar maculae of the elytra to form a sort of vitta. Elytra basally rather coarsely and quite sparsely punctate ; apical tufts large, nearly continuous forwards to base. Length 15-20 mm. ; width 6:5-11-5 mm. Holotype: Male; British Guiana, Jan. 18, 1912 (A. F. Porter) [CMNH]. Allotype: Female ; Duserre, French Guiana (G. Moberg) [USNM]. Paratypes: 3, Trinidad [BM]. 1, North Hills, Trinidad, Nov., 1916 [CMNH]. I, Scarborough, Tobago, May 18, 1914 [BM]. 1, Para, Brazil [ANSP]. 1, Limao, Rio Surumu, Brazil, Sept. 1927 [AMNH]. 1, Demerara, British Guiana [CMNH]. 2, British Guiana [BM]. 1, Mt. Duida, Venezuela [AMNH]. 1, Llanos de Cruz Rubiera Guarico, Venez. [USNM]. 1, Selva de San Camilo [USNM]. 2, Caracas, Venez. [ANSP]. 1, Amaya Cispata Bay, Colombia, June 3 [CAS]. 2, Colombia [CAS ; USNM]. 1, Villa Vieja, Colombia, Apr. 11 [CAS]. 2, San Bernardo de Viento, Colombia, Nov. 20 [CAS]. 2, Coyaima, Colima, Col. [CAS]. 1, Sabanilla, Col. [USNM]. 8, Lake Sapatoza, Chiriguana, Col. [BM]. 1, Magdalene Valley, Col. [BM]. I, Rio Opon, Col. [AMNH]. 1, Aracataca, Col. Aug. 11 [ANSP]. 1, Minca, Col., July 31 [ANSP]. 1, Achinamiga, Peru [AMNH]. 4, Satipo, Peru[USNM ; AMNH; CAS]. Remarks. A few of the Colombian examples show some loss of the fulvous coloration, but, as a whole, there is a rather marked line of demarcation drawn at Panama between this and the following form. Lagocheirus aranetformis ypsilon (Voet) Cerambyx ypsilon Voet, 1778, Cat. Col. 2: 11, pl. 9, fig. 33 ; 1794, ed. Panzer, 3 : 26, pl. 9, fig. 33. Lagocheirus parvulus Casey, 1913, Mem. Col. 4: 304. [Syn. n.]. Cerambyx avraneiformis auctorum. Mate. From fulvescens this form is distinct only in having the elytra and pronotum dull greyish-brown pubescent and in the elytra punctation being fine and close-set, 152 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) Length 13-25 mm. ; width 6-12 mm. Type locality : America septrionale [vpsilon] ; Nata, Panama [parvulus]. DISTRIBUTION. Panama to Northern Mexico. Panama: 5, Chiriqui [ANSP; CAS; USNM]. 2, La Chorrera [BM; USNM]. 1, Trinidad Riv., May 4[USNM]. 1, Bugaba[USNM]. 1, Cabima, May 17 [USNM]. 1, Taboga Isl., Gulf of Panama, Sept 20 [BM]. Canal Zone: 1, Gamboa [CAS]. 2, Fort Clayton, June 8[CMNH]. 1, Paraiso, Mar. 4[USNM]._ 1, Rio Chagres, June 12 [CMNH]. 9, Barro Colorado Isl. [CMNH ; USNM; AMNH]. 1, Ciricito [CAS]. 1, Corazal [USNM]. Costa Rica: 1, Pacayas [ANSP]. 4, Reventazon [USNM]. 1, Bebeders [USNM]. I, San José, Nov. 5 [USNM]. 2, La Fuente, 1200 m. [CMNH]. 1, Cartago, June 9 [CAS]. Nicaragua: 1, La Libertad, Chontales [CAS]. 1, Managua [USNM]. Guatemala: 5, El Salto, Escuintala [CAS]. 1, Toconicapan [CAS]. 1, Vol. de Atitlan (Champion) [BM]. 1, Torola [BM]. 1, Piedros Negros [USNM]. 1, Capetillo, 5,000 ft. Aug. 21 [AMNH]. 3, Variedades, Sept. 1 [AMNH]. 2, San Marcos, April [CAS]. Honduras: 3, San Pedro Sula [ANSP]. 1, La Ceiba, Nov. to [USNM]. British Honduras: 1, Cayo [BM]. 1, Punta Gorda [CAS]. Mexico: 8, Cordoba, V. C. [CAS]. 1, Palo Gacho, V. C. [USNM]. 3, Penuela, V. C., July 15 [CMNH]. 1, Yanga, V.C.[(CMNH]. 1, Merida, Yucatan [BM]. 1, Chichen Itza [CMNH]. 2, Almolonga [BM; USNM]. 1, Trece Aguas, on Cacao [USNM]. 1, Cuernavaca, June [USNM]. 1, Tamazunchale, S. L. P., June 18 [CMNH]. 1, San Lorenze, V. C. [USNM]. 4, Chiapas, 800-1,000 m. [USNM]. 1, Compostella, Nayarit, Oct. 1. [CAS]. REMARKS. From gvanulatus, described from Texas, this form is distinct in not having the elytron so rugose. In that subspecies, the basal granules are subequal in size to the punctures and the basal gibbosities are somewhat more prominent ; moreover, the white margin of the lateral macula is very extensive, occupying much of the lateral area of the elytra as far posteriorly as the preapical fascia. Lagocheirus foveolatus Dillon, sp. n. FEMALE. While resembling avaneiformis in many respects, this species is not very closely related to that one. The present form may be distinguished by the elongate, parallel sided, subdepressed body. The head, pronotal lateral and discal tubercles, and much of elytra tinged with bright orange-fulvous. Pronotum with apical vittae indistinct. Scutellum apparently entirely blackish. Elytra with scutellar maculae wanting ; postbasal plaga light brown, velvety, becoming quite broad at suture ; lateral macula light brown, poorly defined, followed posteriorly by a double, white, transverse fascia extending from margin to suture, its anterior and posterior components interconnected by three or four longitudinal white lines, the posterior line accentuated by the preapical fuscous fascia; fuscous tufts nearly absent on basal third, on remainder of surface large, rounded, outlined with white. Tarsi of all legs with first two segments light orange-brown, covered with ashy pubescence. NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 153 Antennae uniannulate beginning with third segment, the annulus becoming quite narrow on apical segments. Head with front subplanate, about one-tenth wider than high; eye with lower lobe obliquely transverse, as tall as gena, upper lobes one-third broader than interocular space. Pronotal lateral tubercles moderate in size, with a prominent, somewhat retrorse, obtuse tooth at apex. Elytra with basal gibbosity feebly elevated, broad, carinae on entire disk obsolete ; apices broadly truncate, the angles not at all prominent ; punctures very coarse, becoming subfoveolate laterally on basal gibbosity. Prosternal process five-eighths as broad as a procoxal cavity, scarcely impressed on posterior half, deeply so anteriorly. Antennae with sixth segment slightly surpassing elytral apex ; third segment one-fourth again as long as first ; fourth distinctly shorter than third ; rest strongly decreasing in length. Length 32 mm.; width 12 mm. Holotype: Female ; Chiriqui, Panama [USNM]. REMARKS. This species is distinct from all the other members of this group in having the two basal segments of all tarsi pale ; however, the mesosternal process is simple as in other related forms. Furthermore, the transverse white fascia, and the coarse punctures of the elytra are distinctive ; the latter become small foveae on the posterior portion of the basal gibbosity, especially laterally. ROGERSI GROUP In this group the integument of the body beneath is black or virtually so, medially glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, the pubescence laterally dense and forming maculae or vittae, often of a bright colour. The mesosternal process is strongly declivous anteriorly and often impressed posteriorly, with the lateral beading rugose (as is that also of the prosternal process) ; in two species, vosaceus and praecellens, there is a pronounced tubercle each side of the anterior declivity. In the two species mentioned and in vogersi the tarsal segments are fuscous, but in the rest the tarsi are golden-yellow, at least in large part. The antennae as a rule are quite short, scarcely surpassing the apex of the elytra, but praecellens and rosaceus are exceptional in this respect too, having the sixth segment attaining the elytral apex. Lagochetrus rogersi rogersi (Bates) Lagochirus rogersi Bates, 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5 : 146, pl. 11, fig. 15. Mate. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, densely covered with dull lead-grey or olive-grey pubescence. Head above and on front varied with pale ochraceous as is also the pronotal disk to a slight degree. Pronotum with apical vittae abbreviated, often indistinct, not oblique, basal vittae broad, short, extending just across basal sulcus. Scutellum with two tapering fuscous vittae which often are coalescent at extreme base. Elytra with postbasal plaga obsolete or wanting; lateral plaga evanescent anteriorly, elsewhere sharply defined, variably incised posteriorly, outlined behind by a fine whitish line, which bifurcates at the incision and forms a sort of prostrate letter Y, the two rami of equal width; sutural macula and post- median fascia wanting ; preapical fascia broad, typically broken into an elongate 154 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) sutural portion and a subquadrate lateral macula, often indistinctly interconnected. Body beneath piceous, sparsely hoary pubescent, with transverse yellow maculae laterally on metasternum and first four abdominal segments. Tarsi fuscous, first two (and sometimes last) segments covered with ashy pubescence ; femora and antennal scape covered with ashy pubescence, mottled with brown; tibiae broadly bian- nulated with ashy; antennae with third and fourth segments biannulated, rest uniannulated. Head with front slightly convex, one-third again as wide as high ; eye with lower lobe broadly oblong, erect, two-thirds again as tall as gena, upper lobes subequal in width to the interocular space. Pronotum gradually narrowed to apex where it is scarcely wider than an elytron; lateral tubercles small, ending in a short, suba- cute spine which is directed upwards and slightly forward ; disk subrugose, coarsely punctate except on the five prominent tubercles, the median one being most highly elevated. Elytra with basal gibbosity rather prominent, armed at base with a large, projecting tubercle and laterally with a broad carina; disk on basal fourth granulate punctate, the granules larger than the punctures, laterally attaining middle, thence punctures simple, becoming finer apically, evanescent at apical sixth, on apical three-fifths with four prominent costae, each of which bear a number of long pointed tufts; apices separately broadly rounded. Mesosternal process slightly depressed posteriorly, anteriorly abruptly declivous, lateral beading rugose. Antennae with eighth segment attaining elytral apex ; scape attaining basal sulcus of pronotum ; third segment one-fifth longer than first ; fourth one-eighth shorter than first ; fifth and sixth much shorter, the latter with an appendix that is nearly as long as the width of the segment, broadly rounded apically, with sides parallel, and directed slightly distally, rest gradually shorter. FEMALE. Asin male but antennae only as long as body, the sixth segment without appendix ; protarsi not expanded nor fringed. Length 16-24 mm. ; width 7:-5-10 mm. Type locality : Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica. DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica. Costa Rica: 2, no further data [BM]. 2, Guayabillos, Irazu, 2,200 m. (F. Nevermann) [USNM]}. Lagocheirus rogersi panamensis Dillon, ssp. n. Differs from the typical form in having the pronotum, base of elytra, and sternal side-pieces distinctly ochraceous maculate, but the most striking difference is in the postmedian white fascia of the elytra. Here the posterior tine of the mark is very broad, overshadowing the anterior tine to such an extent that the whole loses its resemblance to the letter Y. In addition the fuscous vittae on the scutellum broadly fused on basal half. Length 17-24 mm. ; width 8-10 mm. Holotype: Male, allotype female, and one paratype: Volcan de Chiriquf (Champion) [BM}. Paratype: Chiriqui, Panama [BM]. NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 155 Lagocheirus rogersi hondurensis Dillon, ssp. n. FEMALE. Very similar to the nominotypic form in having but little ochraceous pubescence on the pronotum, and to the Panama subspecies in having the scutellar vittae strongly fused at base. From both of these it is distinct in having the white pubescence behind the lateral macula irregularly arranged, not at all Y-shaped, confined largely to the lateral margin of elytron. Length 23 mm.; width 10 mm. Holotype: Female ; Honduras, 1940 (W. von Hagen) [AMNH]. Lagocheirus integer (Bates) Lagochirus integer Bates, 1885, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 384. Mate. Closely related to L. rogersi in structure and sculpturing, but differing as follows : Covered with fuscous pubescence, more or less distinctly varied with ashy or fulvous ashy on head, pronotum, base of elytra, body beneath, femora, and basal antennal segments. Scutellum fuscous except on basal angles and narrowly on sides. Elytra without dark markings except for the strongly accentuated lateral macula and a subobsolete preapical fascia, which is produced somewhat strongly forward at suture and usually divided into a sutural and lateral portion ; lateral macula narrowly and not distinctly outlined with whitish behind, the pale line feebly bifurcated, with the posterior bifurcation narrowly separated from the anterior and frequently extending to or near suture. Beneath maculate with bright ochra- ceous on side of prothorax, finely on mesosternal side-pieces, broadly on metasternum each side, and narrowly on sides of first four abdominal sternites. Tarsi with all segments ashy pubescent, the integment not paler than that of tibia. Head with front broadly, feebly convex, one-sixth wider than high; eye with lower lobe subquadrate or broadly erect, twice as tall as gena, upper lobes as broad as the interocular space. Pronotal lateral tubercles without a spine or tooth, conical, prominent ; discal tubercles quite as in vogersi, punctation very variable. Elytra with basal gibbosity scarcely elevated, basal tubercle only slightly more evident than carina and tufts; disk rather finely and sparsely granulate-punctate, the granules subequal in size to the punctures, extending nearly to middle of elytra, each with six rows of fine tufts, often rather closely placed, on low carinae ; apices separately broadly rounded or subtruncate. Mesosternal process strongly but obliquely declivous before, depressed posteriorly; lateral margins not rugose, simply punctate. Antennae with seventh segment attaining or slightly surpassing elytral apex ; scape extending nearly to basal sulcus of pronotum ; third segment one-fifth again as long as first ; fourth subequal to first ; fifth much shorter ; rest gradually decreasing in length; sixth segment with appendix moderately short, not as long as width of segment, directed slightly distad. FEMALE. Antennae with eighth segment attaining elytral apex; protarsi not fringed nor dilated. Length 12-18 mm. ; width 5-2-7:5 mm. 156 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) Type Locality : Cordoba, Mexico, herewith designated. DISTRIBUTION. Central Mexico to Panama. Mexico : 1, Cordoba (Sallé) [BM]. Guatemala: 5, Cerro Zunil, 4,000 ft. (Champion) [BM]. 1, Volcan de Atitlan, 3,500 ft. (Champion) [BM]. Panama: 1, Bugaba (Champion) [USNM]. REMARKS. The reduced dark maculation of the elytra, consisting only of a promi- nent lateral macula and an obsolete preapical fascia is, combined with the form of the mesosternum, a sufficiently diagnostic character for the recognition of this species. The dark tarsi, the low elytral gibbosity, the fairly long antennae, maculation of the scutellum, and the sculpturing of the pronotum are also characteristic. In the single specimen from Panama the lateral maculae of the elytra scarcely contrast with the general pubescence and the scutellar dark macula is small. Furthermore the lateral tubercles of the pronotum are quite tumid, so that this form may deserve subspecific status when further material becomes available. Lagocheirus tuberculatus tuberculatus (Fabricius) Cevambyx tuberculatus Fabricius, 1787, Mant. Ins. 1: 131. Gmelin, 1790, Syst. Nat. ed. 13, 1, 4: 1819. Olivier, 1790, Encycl. Méth. Ins. 5: 291; 1795, Ent. 4, 67: 109, pl. 16, fig. 114. Lamia tuberculata Fabricius. Fabricius, 1792, Ent. Syst. 1: 273; 1801, Syst. Eleuth. 2: 289. Lagochirus tuberculatus Fabricius. Gahan, 1895, Tvans. Ent. Soc. Lond. : 130. Lagocheirus binumeratus Thomson, 1860, Class. Ceramb.:9. Bates, 1885, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5 : 384. MALE. Very similar in colour and structure to integer, from which form it differs chiefly as follows: Head, pronotum, and profemora usually variegate with bright ochraceous instead of ashy, rarely ochraceous ashy. Scutellum with dark macula larger, as a rule occupying all of surface except narrow basal angles and, sometimes, very narrow side margins. Elytra with lateral macula subobsolete, rarely pro- nounced, followed posteriorly by a narrow white line which is not bifurcated but is strongly angularly undulant, its inner portion widely remote from the macula ; sutural macula dimly present (postmedian fascia absent as in integer) ; preapical fascia rather distinct, broken into two elongate, broad maculae. Tarsi variable, sometimes with surface colour identical to that of tibiae, sometimes quite pale, except at apex of last segment, and usually ochraceous pubescent. Head with front a little more strongly narrowed between eyes; lower ocular lobes consistently erect, twice as tall as gena, upper lobes subequal to interocular space. Pronotum with lateral tubercles as in integer, disk with basal tubercles much more prominent than anterior ones, disk laterally more strongly tumid. Elytral basal gibbosity rather prominent, basal granule large, much more distinct than the carinae, tufts long and acute (usually) ; disk coarsely punctate, the granules pro- nounced, medially continuing almost to middle, punctures thence simple and strongly decreasing in size; apices truncate. Mesosternal process slightly rugose laterally, broadly excavated. Antennae with seventh segment nearly attaining elytral apex ; scape extending only to basal third of pronotum; third segment one-sixth longer NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 157 than first ; fourth as long as first ; fifth and sixth successively much shorter, the appendix of the latter disinctly longer than width of segment, projected distad but recurved at apex ; remaining segments gradually decreasing in length. FEMALE. As in male, but antennae with ninth segment attaining elytral apex, sixth segment without appendix ; pronotum often not tumid laterally ; protarsi not expanded or fringed. Length 13-18 mm. ; width 5-4-9 mm. Type locality ; “ Jamaica” [twberculatus| ; Mexico (binumeratus]. DISTRIBUTION. Southern Mexico to Nicaragua. Mexico: 1, Oaxaca [ANSP]. 1, Orizaba, Dec. 1905 [USNM]. 1, Chiapas, 800-1,000 m. [USNM]. 1, Misantla [BM]. 1, Toxpam [BM]. British Honduras: 4, Stann Creek Valley, Aug. 7, 1933 [BM]. 1, Rio Temas [BM]. 1, Belize [BM]. Guatemala: 3, no further data [ANSP]. 1, Alta Vera Paz, Mar. 24, on cacao [USNM]. 1, San Juan, V. P. [BM]. 1, San Isidro, 500 m. [BM]. Nicaragua: 4, Chontales [BM ; USNM]. Remarks. The type locality “‘ Jamaica” appears to be erroneous; a careful comparison of Mexican specimens with Olivier’s figure of the type seems to indicate that the latter is probably its place of origin. , Lagocheirus tuberculatus v-album Bates Lagocheirus v-album Bates, 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. : 386; 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 145, 384, pl. 11, fig. 11. Mate. Differing from the typical form chiefly in having the white line of the elytra much broader and in the costae being covered with ochraceous pubescence. Tarsi always pale, covered with bright ochraceous pubescence. DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica and Panama. Costa Rica : 2, Hamburg Farm, Sta. Clara Prov., June 29 [USNM]. 1, Capellodas, nr. Vinas, June [USNM]. Panama: 2, Bugaba [BM]. 2, Volcan de Chiriqui, 300 ft. [BM; CAS]. 1, Boquete, July 1939 [CAS]. 1, Chiriqui [ANSP]. Lagochetrus plantaris plantaris Erichson Lagocheirus plantaris Erichson, 1847, Arch. Naturgesch. 13: 144; White, 1855, Cat. Col. Dist. Mus. 8 : 365. Trypanidius fasciculatus White, op. cit. : 377, pl. 9, fig. 9 [Syn. n.]. Lagocheirus fasciculatus White. Bates, 1863, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 12: tor. MALE. Related to tuberculatus but differing as follows: Pubescence of body above bright tawny-brown. Head, pronotum, femora, and first three antennal segments varied with fulvous or fulvous-ashy. Pronotum with apical vittae nearly wanting, basal vittae short, usually not extending to base of tubercles. Scutellum entirely black. Elytra with black maculae distinct, outlined posteriorly by a double whitish fascia which extends to suture, the two components of the fascia with many interconnections, that along suture quite broad ; also with a common white macula 158 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) on suture at basal third, and a smaller one usually present at basal sixth; white fascia accentuated behind by the pronounced black preapical fascia, which is rather narrow suturally, gradually widening to margin, briefly interrupted at its inner third, sometimes only visible laterally. Body beneath more densely ochraceous pubescent on sides, so that the maculae are more conspicuous. Tarsi quite pale, except apex of last segment. Head with front one-fourth wider than high, finely punctate, feebly convex, sides scarcely narrowed between eyes ; eye with lower lobe nearly twice as tall as gena, oblong, suberect, upper lobes slightly narrower than interocular space. Pronotum with sides tumid, lateral tubercles rather low, nearly hemispherical, unarmed ; disk strongly tumid each side so that the anterior and posterior tubercles are inter- connected, the latter one prominent, median tubercle rather low ; basal punctures coarse, especially anterior row, which are twice as coarse as those of disk. Elytra with basal gibbosity a little more prominent, with the lateral but without the apical carina, basal tubercle about as pronounced as in tuberculatus; disk rather more coarsely punctate, the granules smaller, inconspicuous (except laterally at extreme base), usually not extending posterior to basal gibbosity ; apices broadly, arcuately truncate. Mesosternal process strongly depressed posteriorly, abruptly declivous anteriorly, lateral margins distinctly rugose. Antennae with seventh segment attaining elytral apex ; scape extending to basal third of pronotum ; third segment just one-tenth longer than first ; fourth feebly shorter than first ; fifth and sixth successively much shorter than fourth; rest gradually decreasing; sixth with appendix variable in width and length, usually subequal in length to width of seg- ment, evenly rounded at apex, sides parallel. FEMALE. Antennae with ninth segment surpassing elytral apex, sixth without an appendix ; protarsi not expanded or fringed. Length 14-20 mm. ; width 6-8 mm. Type localities: Peru [plantaris] ; Ega, Brazil [fasciculatus]. DISTRIBUTION. Columbia and north-western Brazil to Bolivia. Colombia: 1,no further data[BM]. 1, Rio Nare, Antioquia, Jan. 4, 1939 [USNM]. I, Villa Arteaga, July [USNM]. Brazil: 1, Amazonas [BM]. Ecuador: 1, El Partidero, Dec. 1935 [BM]. 1, Napo-Paatsza, Jan. [CAS]. 9, Loja [ANSP]. Peru: 2, Rio Santiago, Nov. [AMNH]. 1, Junin, Sani Beni, Feb. [CAS]. 1, Satipo, Jauja Prov., April [AMNH]. Bolivia: 1, Buenavista, 1,700 ft., Oct. [ANSP]. REMARKS. In many ways, especially as in regard to the tarsal coloration, this species resembles tuberculatus. However, in the present form, the undulating white fascia of the elytra is double, with the posterior portion outlined behind by black. Lagocheirus plantaris indistinctus Dillon, ssp. n. Mate. In many instances only slightly distinct from the typical form in having the basal angles of the scutellum pale or ochraceous pubescent. However, in well- NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 159 marked examples the elytral pubescence is uniformly dull cinereous or fuscous, with the carinae marked with ochraceous. The most important distinguishing feature is to be found in the structure of the pronotum, which is scarcely inflated. As a consequence, the lateral tubercles are usually conical, and the tubercles of the disk are more pronounced. Length 12-18 mm. ; width 5:5-g mm. Holotype: Male ; Gamboa, Canal Zone, June 1944 [CAS]. Allotype: Female ; Barro Colorado Isl., Canal Zone, July [USNM]. Paratypes: 4, same data as allotype [USNM ; CMNH-3]. 1, Parais, C. Z., Mar. [USNM]. 1, Ft. Clayton [CAS]. 1, Trinidad Riv., Panama, March [USNM]. 2, Reventazon, Costa Rica [USNM]. Lagocheirus plantaris gorgonae Dillon, ssp. n. Mace. In general most similar to the Central American subspecies, especially in having the pronotum only feebly tumid, in the pale basal angles of the scutellum and in the ochraceous lines on the elytral carinae. However, it is amply distinct in having these lines much more marked, in the more prominent lateral maculae of the elytra, and particularly in lacking ochraceous pubescence on the abdominal sternites. Length 14-16 mm. ; width 6:5 mm. Holotype male and allotype female : Gorgona Island, Colombia, 200 ft., at light [BM]. Lagochetrus rosaceus Bates Lagocheirus rosaceus Bates, 1869, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. : 386. Lagochirus vosaceus Bates. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Col. 5: 146, pl. 11, fig. 12. Lagocheirus flavolineatus Aurivillius, 1921, Tijd. Ent. 64: 52, pl. 2, fig. 10 [Syn. n.]. Mate. Dark reddish-brown, covered above by rather sparse fuscous-ashy pubes- cence, strongly variegated with bright ochraceous, which forms irregular lines on the pronotum and covers the costae on the elytra. Pronotum with apical vittae distinct, straight, extending directly caudad, basal vittae very broad, somewhat arcu- ate. Scutellum fuscous, vittate medially with ochraceous. Elytra largely dull hoary pubescent, except for the broad brown base; postbasal plaga rather indistinct ; lateral macula conspicuous, briefly margined behind with white or rosaceous ; _ both the postmedian and the preapical fasciae broad and strongly undulant, especially at suture, where they are separated by a line of white or rosaceous, the former largely outlined with white or rosy ; costae strongly marked with lines of rosaceous, inter- rupted by prominent tufts of fuscous hairs. Body beneath nearly glabrous medially, very sparsely covered with fine hoary pubescence ; metasternum and abdominal sternites laterally transversely maculate with rosaceous. Tarsi blackish, basal two segments rosaceous pubescent. Antennae fuscous pubescent, with a faint double annulus on fourth and single ones on following segments. Head with front tumid, very finely, sparsely punctate, one-fourth wider than high ; eye with lower lobe broad, feebly upright, nearly twice as tall as gena, upper lobes 160 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) separated by about one and one-half their width. Pronotum strongly tumid laterally and across disk, constricted at base; lateral tubercles broad, moderately prominent, armed with a large granule at apex ; disk with tubercles indistinct except lateral basal ones, coarsely densely punctate except on tubercles. Elytra moderately densely granulate-punctate at base, the punctures deeper, rather coarse, from basal sixth simple, becoming much finer to apical third, thence subobsolete; basal gibbosity rather low, strongly carinate, the carina bearing a very large granule at base ; costae distinctly prominent ; apices obliquely subtruncate at suture. Meso- sternal process depressed medially, lateral beading pronounced and distinctly finely rugose. Antennae with eighth segment surpassing elytral apex; scape attaining base of pronotal lateral tubercle ; third segment one-fifth longer than first ; fourth feebly shorter than first ; fifth to seventh successively strongly shorter ; rest sub- equal to seventh ; sixth with appendix elongate, much longer than width of segment. FEMALE. Pronotum scarcely tumid, lateral tubercles feebly prominent. Antennae with ninth segment surpassing elytral apex; sixth segment simple. Rest as in male. Length 12-20 mm. ; width 6-9-2 mm. Type localities : Chontales, Nicaragua [vosaceus] ; Colombia [ flavolineatus]. DISTRIBUTION. From southern Mexico to Colombia, being of rare occurrence at the extremes of its distribution. Mexico: 1, Oaxaca [ANSP]. Nicaragua: I, no further data [BM]. 7, Chontales [BM]. Costa Rica: 4, Hamburg Farm, Reventazon, May-Aug. [USNM]. REMARKS. The character of the designs on the elytra will at once identify this species. Lagochetrus praecellens Bates Lagocheirus praecellens Bates, 1872, Tvans. ent. Soc. Lond. : 209. Lagochirus praecellens Bates. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 146, pl. 11, fig. 13. Mate. Differs from rogerst as follows: Pronotum and elytra ferrugineous covered with orange-ochraceous pubescence ; the former with apical vittae usually short, nearly confined to apical margin, basal vittae indistinct except near margin. Scutellum with fuscous vittae narrow, confined to apical halves of margins. Elytra with basal plaga obsolete ; lateral macula largely dull ochraceous pubescent, only slightly accentuated with dark brown on disk; pale markings ashy or whitish, broad, conspicuous, consisting of two common maculae (one at basal fifth, and one before middle), a broad, undulating postmedian fascia which is strongly recurved along suture for some distance, and an arcuate vitta on suture and apex ; preapical fuscous fascia much narrower, strongly interrupted ; apical lateral fuscous macula rather prominent. Body beneath scarcely at all hoary pubescent, laterally broadly vittate from prosternum to apex of fourth abdominal sternite, vitta interrupted on base of first sternite and often behind mesosternum. Antennae with segments 3-5 or 6 biannulated, rest with a single rather narrow annulus. NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 161 Head with front one-third wider than high, finely punctate, slightly tumid medially ; eye with lower lobe two-thirds again as tall as gena, very broad, as is also the upper lobe, broader, retrose rather than upcurved as a rule ; discal sculpturing with basal gibbosity broader, less prominent but surmounted by a more distinct crest, prolonged anteriorly to the robust basal tubercle ; disk at base coarsely punct- ate (especially postero-laterad of basal gibbosity), the punctures distinctly larger than the granules. Antennae with sixth segment distinctly surpassing elytral apex ; scape attaining basal sulcus of pronotum or nearly so; third segment half again as long as first ; fourth feebly longer than first ; fifth to seventh strongly diminishing in length, sixth with appendix longer than width of segment, slightly oblique ; rest gradually feebly shorter. Mesosternal process rather deeply concave medially, strongly tuberculate each side anteriorly. FEMALE. Differing from female rogersi as do the males. Antennae with seventh segment nearly attaining elytral apex. Length 19-23 mm. ; width g-10-8 mm. Type locality : Chontales, Nicaragua. DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the type locality. Nicaragua: 4, Chantales [BM]. Remarks. At once distinguishable from rogers: by the form of the prosternal process and by the fine granulation of the elytra. Lagocheirus cristulatus Bates Lagocheirus cristulatus Bates, 1872, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. : 209. Mate. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, densely covered with dull ashy pubes- cence. Pronotum with apical vittae subobsolete, fine, strongly oblique, the pair more or less forming an arcuate line ; basal vittae just attaining base of tubercles, strongly expanded to margin, with a median vitta and another each side similar in size and form. Scutellum with vittae variable in extent (possibly in relation to geography), more or less lateral and apical in position, sometimes covering most of surface except middle of apex, sometimes greatly reduced. Elytra at base vaguely, broadly blotched with fuscous, the basal plaga rarely visible; lateral macula prominent and fuscous medially, evanescent anteriorly, partially outlined posteriorly by a narrow, indistinct, ashy line ; postmedian fascia indistinct or wanting ; pre- apical fascia rather broad, strongly constricted at each undulation, distinct only near suture. Body beneath sparsely pubescent or subglabrous (especially on abdomen) medially ; laterally densely covered with dull ashy fulvescent pubescence, which is broadly interrupted at base of first abdominal sternite and absent from fifth. Tarsi fuscous, broadly annulate apically with ashy on apex of first segment. Antennae with segments 3-5 or 6 biannulated, the rest uniannulated medially. Head with front one-third wider than high, narrowed above, minutely punctulate ; eye with lower lobe subquadrate, three-fifths again as tall as gena, upper lobe two- thirds as broad as interocular space. Pronotum with lateral tubercles robust, conical, unarmed ; disk scarcely tumid, median tubercle most prominent, acute, 162 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) apical tubercles least elevated, entire surface (except in basal and apical sulcus) nearly impunctate, 3 or 4 coarse punctures occurring laterally and a very few fine ones medially. Elytra with basal gibbosity very prominent, subglobular, at base with a large, often granulated tubercle; disk densely coarsely granulate-punctate on basal fourth, the punctures and granules subequal in size, punctures thence simple, much finer to middle, on apical half subobsolete ; carinae rather prominent except on gibbosity, with rows of long tufts, especially basally ; apices obliquely broadly truncate. Mesosternal process slightly concave, lateral beading rugose. Antennae with eighth segment not attaining elytral apex ; scape reaching to basal third of pronotum ; third segment one-fourth again as long as first ; fourth distinctly shorter than first ; fifth to seventh successively strongly shortened ; sixth with appendix rather fine, not as long as width of segment ; remaining segments wanting. FEMALE. Very similar to male but protarsi are not fringed. Antennae not quite so long as body ; sixth segment simple. Length 15-21 mm. ; width 7-9:5 mm. Type locality : Chontales, Nicaragua. DISTRIBUTION. Southern Mexico to Nicaragua. Mexico: 1, Misantla [BM]. Guatemala: 1, Coban [USNM]. Nicaragua: 1, Chontales (Janson) [BM]. REMARKS. While in coloration this species resembles obsoletus, it has no close affinities to it or to any other known species of the genus. Its large basal gibbosity will at once distinguish it. Incertae Sedis Lagochirus unicolor Fisher, 1947, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. 8 : 38. “FEMALE. Broadly elongate, slightly convex above, uniformly brownish- yellow, each elytron with an obsolete, narrow, oblique, whitish line along lateral margin behind middle. “ Head longer than wide and nearly flat in front, with a narrow, longitudinal groove extending from occiput to clypeus, broadly concave between antennal tubercles, which are rather strongly elevated, widely separated, and obliquely divergent ; surface finely, sparsely punctate, densely, uniformly clothed with a short, recumbent, brownish-yellow pubescence ; eyes separated from each other on top by three-fourths the width of upper lobe. Antenna slightly longer than body, densely clothed with short, recumbent, brownish-yellow pubescence. ‘“Pronotum nearly twice as wide as long, subequal in width at base and apex, widest at middle ; sides parallel near base, sinuate anteriorly, with a large, triangular tooth on each side at middle ; disk uneven, transversely flattened along base and anterior margin, with five obtusely rounded tubercles arranged in two transverse rows, two in front and three behind, the three posterior tubercles more strongly elevated ; surface coarsely, deeply, irregularly punctate, densely clothed with short recumbent, brownish-yellow pubescence. Scutellum triangular, broadly rounded at apex, densely, uniformly pubescent. NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 163 ‘“Elytra distinctly wider than pronotum ; sides nearly parallel from humeral angles to near the tips, which are separately broadly subtruncate, surface rather densely, coarsely, deeply punctate, densely clothed with short, recumbent, brownish- yellow pubescence ; abdomen indistinctly punctate, last visible sternite shallowly emarginate at apex ; prosternal process about one-third as wide as coxal cavity, expanded posteriorly ; femora pedunculate, strongly clavate toward apices. “Length 18 mm., width 8 mm. “Type locality. Barbados, British West Indies. ‘Type. In the United States National Museum, No. 58123. “Described from a single specimen found in the Wickham Collection. ‘ This species differs from all the other described species of Lagochirus in having the upper surface of the body densely clothed with uniformly brownish-yellow pubescence, without any distinct markings except for an obsolete white line on each elytron along the lateral margin behind the middle ”’ Sternocheirus Dillon, gen. n. Very closely related to Lagocheirus, from which genus this differs as follows: Female (male unknown). Head with vertex more strongly declivous, the lower edge of anternal tubercles being scarcely above the middle of the total vertical height of head (excluding mouthparts) ; front relatively a little broader, and distinctly more strongly narrowed between eyes; eye with lower lobe slightly wider than tall. Pronotum with lateral tubercles rather small, armed with an acicular spine ; discal tubercles comparatively feeble. Scutellum broad, sides slightly oblique, the apex evenly rounded. Elytra more elongate, covering extended fifth abdominal segment, sides subparallel, scarcely tapering; apices together broadly rounded; carinae wanting except on basal gibbosity, which is low and broad ; discal punctures simple except on basal sixth, where they bear feeble granules ; tufts absent, replaced by fuscous maculae which are not at all seriate except along margins. Prosternum medially with an irregular transverse, cariniform tubercle. Antennae with scape short, scarcely extending behind middle of pronotum; third segment one-fourth longer than first ; rest gradually decreasing. Type species : Sternocheirus lugubris Dillon, sp. n. Remarks. From Archlagocheirus which it resembles in the form and length of the scape, this genus differs in having the vertex less strongly declivous, the front - not rugose, the pronotal disk not tumid, and in the armed prosternal process. Sternocheirus lugubris Dillon, sp. n. Lagocheirus funestus Thomson. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centy.-Amer., Col. 5: 146 [ex parte}. FEMALE. Piceous, densely covered with ashy-brown pubescence. Pronotum with apical vittae indistinct, subparallel, widely separated, feebly attaining margin ; basal vittae more distinct, elongate, extending on to basal tubercles. Scutellum with a rather narrow attenuate fuscous vitta each side. Elytra with basal plaga squarely transverse, narrow, poorly defined, more or less interrupted ; lateral macula obsolete, greatly reduced, indicated primarily by the more velvety texture 1644 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) of its vestiture; sutural macula large, elongate, composed of numerous small maculae ; postmedian and preapical fasciae indistinct except in certain lights, the latter composed of undulating row of fuscous maculae; apical half of disk irregularly sprinkled with fuscous maculae (not tufts) which are outlined with white. Body beneath ashy pubescent, not mottled; abdomen medially finely fuscous. Femora narrowly biannulated with pale fulvous apically; tarsi entirely ashy- pubescent. Antennae fuscous, segments I-5 biannulated with ashy, the remainder uniannulate. Head with front one-fourth wider than high, strongly narrowed between eyes, finely punctate, not rugose; eye with lower lobe subrotund, narrower mesially, two-fifths again as tall as gena, upper lobe a little wider than interocular space. Pronotum coarsely, irregularly punctate at base and apex ; disk unevenly, sparsely, rather finely punctate. Elytra not very densely punctate, the punctures on basal sixth bearing low granules, moderately coarse, becoming much finer thence to apex. Length 23 mm. ; width 9-7 mm. Holotype: Female ; Puebla, Mexico (Sallé coll.) [BM]. REMARKS. In several superficial ways, this species shows resemblance to A. funestus Thomson, particularly in the annulation of the femora and the maculation of the apical half of the elytra. Archlagocheirus Dillon gen. n. Most closely related to Sternocheirus. From that genus it is distinct in having the vertex more strongly declivous, with the lower edge of the antennal tubercle placed well below the middle of the total head height ; front three-fifths again as wide as high in both sexes ; rugosely punctate especially in the male ; eye with lower lobe distinctly transverse, tapering mesially, in females sometimes subquadrate, always small, not so tall as the gena. Pronotum with central portion of disk abruptly and strongly tumid, particularly in the female ; lateral tubercles prominent to a greater or lesser extent, armed with an acute spine. Scutellum often truncate or retuse at apex, rarely rounded. Elytra with costae obsolete, quite apparent on basal gibbosity ; apices feebly truncate or rounded together. Prosternum simple, unarmed ; mesosternal process gradually declivous anteriorly, medially broadly tumid, the tumescence low. Antennae with eighth segment attaining elytral apex in male, distinctly shorter than body in female. Type species : Lagocheirus funestus Thomson. REMARKS. The strongly declivous vertex, the markedly transverse front, the sculpturing of the pronotum, the declivous mesosternal process, the small eye, and the very shortened antennae in the female are especially diagnostic. Archlagocheirus funestus (Thomson) Lagocheirus funestus Thomson, 1865, Syst. Ceramb. : 545. Lagochirus funestus Thomson. Bates, 1880, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col., 5 : 146. Mate. Black, covered with fine fuscous pubescence. Pronotum with apical vittae often wanting, always indistinct, strongly oblique, confined to anterior NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) 165 discal tubercles ; basal vittae also indistinct or wanting, apparently confined to basal margin ; disk often with a series of fulvous or ashy markings across base and apex which vary greatly in position and shape, usually four markings are in each transverse row. Scutellum uniformly fuscous, rarely a little paler medially. Elytral markings often indistinct ; basal plaga transverse; lateral macula accentuated on disk and anteriorly with darker pubesence, rarely narrowly outlined with whitish posteriorly ; sutural macula continuous with the postmedian fascia, which is confined to the sutural half of disk, rather broad; preapical fascia subobsolete, narrow, strongly undulant ; disk sprinkled with rounded fuscous maculae (not tufts) which are often narrowly outlined with white, in basal impressions and medially often, ard postmedially rarely, with irregular inconstant markings of whitish or fulvous, occasionally quite broadly so. Body beneath as above, sometimes with irregular maculae of ashy or fulvous laterally. emora biannulated with fulvous near apex, the annuli much interrupted ; tibiae often ashy-annulate at middle ; tarsi fuscous, the first two segments often sparsely ashy-pubescent. Antennae biannulate with ashy on first four segments, uniannulate on rest. Head with front finely sparsely punctate, rugose ; eye with lower lobe one-sixth shorter than gena, upper lobes separated by twice their width ; vertex behind eye coarsely and deeply punctate. Pronotum with lateral tubercles usually prominent, armed with a long, acute spine at apex ; disk tumid in an area that includes the five prominent tubercles, apically and basally coarsely punctate, rest of surface between tubercles somewhat rugosely punctate. Elytra with basal gibbosity feeble, outlined posteriorly by a broad arcuate impression, bearing two rather prominent carinae ; basal granule large, projecting; disk basally often rugose, on basal fourth finely granulate-punctate, the punctures thence simple and finer, evanescent apically, carinae obsolete. Antennae with eighth segment attaining elytral apex, scarcely fimbriate beneath; scape reaching to middle of pronotum; third segment one- fourth again as long as first ; rest gradually diminishing in length, sixth with a long, curved, tufted appendix at apex. FEMALE. As in male, but front not rugose ; eye with lower lobe often subquad- rate. Pronotum with disk only slightly tumid; lateral tubercles less prominent. Antennae distinctly shorter than body; third segment scarcely longer than first ; sixth simple. Length 24-30 mm. ; width 9-12 mm. Type locality : Mexico. DIsTRIBUTION. Known only from central Mexico. Mexico: 1, no further data [ANSP]. 3, Cacaloapan, Puebla, 5500 ft. July 5, Ig41, on cactus (H. S. Dybas) [CMNH]. 6, Cuernavaca, on Opuntia [USNM-2 ; TAM-4]. 166 NEOTROPICAL ACANTHOCININI (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) LIST OF SPECIES A. Lagocheirus Erichson, 140 araneiformis Group, 142 undatus complex, 142 1. undatus Voet, 141 a. undatus Voet, 143 obsoletus Thomson, 143 longipennis Bates, 143 b. mariorum nov., 144 2. dezayast nov., 141, 144 3. zimmermant Dillon,141 a. zimmermani Dillon, 145 b. aukena nov., 145 4. wenzeli nov., 141, 146 5. procerus Casey, 142, 146 6. simplicicornis Bates, 142, 147 araneiformis complex, 148 7. avaneiformis Linné, 142 . stvoheckeri Dillon, 148 . avaneiformis Linné, 149 . guadeloupensis nov., 150 . insulorum nov., 150 . fulvescens nov., 151 ypsilon Voet, 151 parvulus Casey, 151 8. foveolatus nov., 142, 152 mono mm rogersi Group, 153 g. vogersi Bates, 142 a. vogersi Bates, 153 b. panamensis nov., 154 c. hondurensis nov., 155 10. integer Bates, 142, 155 11. tuberculatus Fabricius, 142 a. tuberculatus Fabricius, 156 binumeratus Thomson, 156 b. v-album Bates, 157 12. plantaris Erichson, 142 a. plantaris Erichson, 157 fasciculatus White, 157 b. indistinctus nov., 158 c. gorgonae Nov., 159 13. vosaceus Bates, 142, 159 flavolineatus Aurivillius, 159 14. praecellens Bates, 142, 160 15. cristulatus Bates, 142, 161 . Sternocheirus nov., 140, 163 1. lugubris nov., 163 . Ayrchlagocheirus nov., 140, 164 1. funestus Thomson, 164 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA ie Oe" Rs, «(101 8), ~A GENUS OF PALAEARCTIC AND NEARCTIC FLEAS ss oe ee —————————eE—eEeeeeEeEeee ee KARL JORDAN Sa ee a ee ee ee oe ) BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 7 LONDON : 1958 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE TAXONOMY STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911), A GENUS OF PALAEARCTIC AND NEARCTIC FLEAS BY KARL JORDAN Yh: British Museum (Nat. Hist.), Tring’ Pp. 167-202 ; 30 Text figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 7 LONDON: 1958 OF THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), tmstituted in 1949, 1s issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become veady. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 7 of the Entomological serves. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued February, 1958 Price Ten Shillings A CONTRIBUTION TO THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911), A GENUS OF PALAEARCTIC AND NEARCTIC FLEAS By KARL JORDAN THE original diagnosis of Stenoponia was based on the description and figures of Hystrichopsylla tripectinata Tiraboschi (1902) (designated type species), of which a male had been obtained at Rome on Mus musculus, and on a Chinese female off Sciurotamias davidianus consobrinus. This generic concept has since been much widened by the inclusion of Hystrichopsylla americana Baker (1899) and a number of new species described since 1925. When, in the spring of 1912, 1913 and 1914, I was in Algeria with Walter Roths- child I devoted some time to collecting mammals for the sake of their fleas. Steno- ponia were found in three places : Hammam Meskoutine, west of Guelma, Khenchela, at the east end of the Aurés Mts., and at Guelt-es-Stel, a bordj (castle) on the route from Boghari to Djelfa. Rothschild and Hartert went in 1913 to western Algeria mainly to collect birds, but they took with them Alan Ruddle of the Mammal Department of the British Museum (Natural History), who obtained a fine series of a Stenoponia at Djebel Mourdjadjo at the back of Port Oran, and of another Steno- ponia at Ain-Séfra, far south-west near the border of Morocco. The outbreak of the war in 1914 put an end to these yearly excursions. In 1920, however, Charles Rothschild and I spent some months in Algeria and on the way from Biskra south we observed from the platform of the railway carriage Jaculus hopping about in a flat area which was studded with bushes growing out of little hillocks of sand. Before proceeding to Touggourt we collected for some time at an intermediate place called Djama or Djamma, and here I caught for the first time Gerbillus hirtipes, which sleeps during the day in such dunes as just mentioned. I got only one gerbil and it had no fleas. In our records of Mediterranean fleas we listed the Stenoponia from various places simply as S. tripectinata Tiraboschi, 1902, without mentioning any differences we had observed. It seemed to us advisable to postpone an analysis until more abundant collections from a greater number of localities would be available. What we had in the collection seemed to show the populations to intergrade and even to overlap to a remarkable extent. The publication of the description of S. imsperata in 1930 by Weiss of the Pasteur Institute in Tunis therefore came somewhat as a shock, but induced us to look at our Stenoponia again. Weiss’s account, however, ENTOM. 6, 7. 8 170 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) as well as what was said on the same Tunisian fleas soon after by Wagner (1930) and Wagner & Wassilieff (1933) left me where I was before. They cleared away some muddles about locality and hosts of Tunisian S. imsperata and S. tripectinata, but avoided the taxonomic difficulties by basing the definitions of their two “ species ”’ on the somatics of majorities and neglecting the minorities which are connecting links between populations. They state, for instance, of the antepygidials of S. in- sperata “‘ ordinairement ’’ in male 3, female 4. As this flea is said by them to occur at Bir Mellah in the nests of Merviones shawi in enormous quantity, it is quite safe to assume that there is a percentage with 4 in the male and with 5 in the female, the numbers in four pairs of a very similar Stenoponia from Rehoboth in Israel being in the male 7 sides with 3 and 1 with 4, and in the female 5 sides with 4 and 3 with 5, and in a pair from Biskra there are 3 and 3 in the male and 3 and 4 in the female. Much more stimulating than the Tunisian specimens are those now known from Egypt. Iam profoundly grateful to Lt.-Col. Robert Traub for having entrusted me with a large number of mounted specimens of Stenoponia collected by Mr. H. Hoogstraal, to whom also I here express my gratitude. This remarkable collection emboldened me to write for assistance to Dr. O. Theodor, Dept. of Parasitology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, who most generously responded by sending speci- mens and much information on the distribution of Stenoponia in Israel and their particular environment, for all of which I thank him most sincerely. When I learned from his communications that his department has a large collection of fleas (over 200 specimens of Stenoponia, for instance) obtained from different localities stretching from the north to the south of the country, most of them cleared and mounted, I was much astonished and greatly thankful for the opportunity to study some of them. From Iraq we have a pair kindly presented by our friend Dr. C. Andresen Hubbard and a second female collected by Dr. D. L. Harrison. The other countries of the Middle East, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, are as regards this enquiry complete vacua. Section I.—Asiatic and Nearctic species. Genal comb with one angle (at base of spines 4 and 5, last (uppermost) spine in a line with the preceding ones, never projecting over the antennal fossa. Subsection A!.—Smallish species from the Pacific area of Palaearctic Asia. Genal comb with 9-12 spines. Oral margin less than half as long as the genal comb (36: 100 +). Pronotum inclusive of comb as long as metanotum (mea- sured dorsally) or at most one-fifth longer. All tarsi of both sexes with 4 spiniforms on apical. area of ventral surface. 3g. Apex of IX.st. not or feebly widened, more convex dorsally than ventrally. Ventral sclerite of phallosome without armament, not bearing the inverted claw present in all g of Subsections A? to A®. ®. Posterior margin of VII.st. straight at least in its ventral third, without distinct sinus. Body of spermatheca oviform, dorsal and ventral margins evenly curved and of the same length, orifice of duct central, no transverse sclerotized stripe defining the sort of snout present in all other species of the genus. Four species known. THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 17E 1. Stenoponia coelestis J. & R., 1911 Labial palp with one segment, which reaches to the end of the maxillary palp. Number of spines in the genal comb g on both sides in the holotype, 10/10 in the second specimen. Pronotum inclusive of comb one-tenth longer than metanotum. Pronotal comb with 18 (or 19 ?) spines each side. On terga IV to VI of abdomen two rows of bristles and no additional bristles in front of them. Marginal spinelets on terga II to VI 7/8, 6/7, 4/5, 3/5, 0/1. Stylet with one long bristle at apex. The longest apical bristles of hind tarsal segments I and II not reaching to the apex of the segment following. HABITAT. South-east of Ta-tsien-lu, West China, 1 9 from Sciurotamias davidt- anus consobrinus (Anderson leg.), another female (without abdomen) from Si-ho River, western Szechwan, off Microtus alcinous (now Clethrionomys rufocanus shansetus), presented by Oldfield Thomas, both in the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) collec- tion at Tring. 2. Stenoponia formozovi loft & Tiflov (1934, 2; Ioff & Scalon, 1954, 2) Labial palp with one segment. Number of spines in genal comb in four males 10/10, 10/11, 11/10, 11/11, in seven females twice 10/10, once 11/10 and four times 11/11. Pronotal comb of female with 50 spines on the two sides together. Pro- notum only r unit* longer than metanotum. Number of antepygidials in four males 3/3, in eight females seven times 4/4 and once 5/4. §. Distal half of ventral arm of [X.st. narrower than proximal half. Q. Posterior margin of VII.st. entire, vertical. HapiTaT. Amurland and Transbaikalia. Not in the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) collection. Additional information received from Dr. V. E. Tiflov and used here. 3. Stenoponia montana Darskaya, 1949 Labial palp with two segments. Number of spines of genal comb in male 10/10, in female 12/12, of pronotal comb in male 19/19, in female 25/23, of comb of abdo- minal tergum I in male 16/16, in female 21/20. Spinelets of abdominal terga II to VI in male 7/6, 5/6, 5/4, 3/3, o/o, in female 8/8, 7/6, 6/6, 4/5, o/o. Antepygidials in male 3/3, in female 4/4. On abdominal terga IV to VI two rows of bristles and some small additional ones. g. Ventral arm of [X.st. a little narrower distally than in middle; apex of paramere broad, with a curved-down hook in lateral aspect on slide. Q. Stylet with one long bristle at apex. VII.st. with lower area projecting as a broad lobe which is more or less slightly incurved. Hasitat. North Korea, on Clethrionomys rutilus; Nagano District, Japan, 1,500 m., November 1953, on Apodemus speciosus. One pair in Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) from Nagano, presented by Dr. E. W. Jameson. * One unit equals approximately 10 ux. 172 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 4. Stenoponia sidimi Marikovsky, 1936 Like S. montana, but easily distinguished by sexual somatics. Some of the bristles on the underside of the apex of IX.st. of male stout and shortened, spini- form ; apex of paramere resembling a helmet with a domed crown, the posterior margin having a rounded projection directed obliquely downwards. Stylet with several long bristles at and near tip. HaBiTaT. Kumwha, Korea, from Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus speciosus and Rattus norvegicus. Ussuri District, on Muridae, accidentally on Eutamias, Cricetulus and Mustela. In the collection of the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 3 pairs from Korea presented by Lt.-Col. Robert Traub. Subsection A?.—Nearctic species. Pronotum inclusive of comb at least one-third longer than metanotum. Oral margin shorter than longest spine of genal comb. Abdominal spinelets more numerous than in other species. 3. IX.st. widened at apex, its dorsal surface appearing straight; as in all the following species of Section I, the ventral sclerite of the paramere with a sharp claw (each side) gradually curving upwards. . Stylet with one long bristle at apex. 5. Stenoponia americana (Baker), 1899 Bristles on frons above oesophagus all minute ; on metepimere only two rows of bristles, the subapical row (below the comb of abdominal tergum I) absent; all tarsi of both sexes with two apical spiniforms on ventral surface of segment V. These three distinctions do not occur elsewhere in the genus. Number of spines in the genal comb varying in male from 12/11 to 14/14 and in female from 12/12 to 14/15. The aggregate of spinelets on abdominal terga II to V (VI has no spinelets in this subsection) varies in our series from 71 to 95 in the males and from 76 to 118 in the females. The usual number of antepygidials is 4/4 in the male and 5/5 in the female, but 4/3, 4/5 and 5/4 also occur in the male and 5/6 and 6/5 in the female. Setose area of VIII tergum widely interrupted below stigma. HasBiTaT. Canada and U.S.A. south to Alabama, but we have not seen any specimens from the western area (Oregon southward to Colorado and Arizona) and it is not recorded from this area. 6. Stenoponia ponera Traub & Johnson, 1952 On frons above the oesophagus the usual row of six or seven medium-sized bristles present. Labial palp long, consisting of at least two segments. Pronotum with two rows of bristles and one or a few small additional bristles which represent the third (anterior) row of S. americana. Genal comb with 14 or 15 spines according to the description, in our male and two females 14/14. Antepygidials in male 4/4, in our females 5/5 and 6/6. Spinelets of abdominal terga II to V less numerous than in S. americana, the aggregate being in the male 71 and in the females 52 and THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 173 60; the comparatively low numbers in the females are rather surprising. On mesepimere below the frame of second spiracle four or more long bristles instead of two or three. Pale area of metepisternum horizontally shorter than vertically broad. Metepimere with three rows of bristles. Segment V of all tarsi, both sexes, with two pairs of spiniforms on the apical ventral area. g. Widened apical area of IX.st. more densely setose than in S. americana and somewhat broader. . VIlI.st. without distinct ventro-lateral sinus and the setose area of VIII.t. not interrupted below spiracle. Hapitat. New Mexico, on Peromyscus and Eutamias ; Durango, Mexico. In Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 1 ¢ from Pinos Altos, New Mexico and 2 9 from Durango, presented by Lt.-Col. Robert Traub. Subsection A?.—Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, group III of Ioff & Tiflov, 1934, containing two species, neither of which is represented in the British Museum. My notes on them are based on what the authors have published and on additional information most kindly given me by Dr. V. E. Tiflov. Labial palp with two segments. Eye feebly pigmented. Oral margin longer than one-half the genal comb. Pronotum inclusive of comb as long as, or longer than, the metanotum measured dorsally. Number of spines of genal comb in males 10/10, 10/11, 11/10, 11/11, in females 10/11, 11/10, I1/II, 11/12, 12/11, 12/12, 12/13. Antepygidials in males 3/3, 4/3, 4/4, in females 4/5, 5/4, 5/5, 5/6, 6/5, 6/6, 6/7, 5/7. g. Digitoid (F) shorter than manubrium (mM) of clasper, inserted farther upwards than in next subsection ; paramere with subapical narrow beak pointed and curved down ; apex of ventral arm of [X.st. strongly widened. 2. Margin of VII.st. with deep subventral sinus, the lobe below it projecting much more than the one above it. 7. Stenoponia ivanovi loff & Tiflov, 1934 Genal comb in fourteen males once 10/10, twice 11/10, eleven times I1/II, in sixteen females once I0/II, once 11/10, seven times 11/11, twice 12/11, and five times 12/12, i.e. in males 4 sides with 10 and 24 with 11, in females 2 sides with Io, 18 and 11, and 12 with 12. Antepygidials in males eleven times 3/3, twice 4/3, once 4/2, in females twice 5/4, nine times 5/5, once 5/6, twice 6/5, twice 6/6, i.e. in males 24 sides with 3, 3 with 4, 1 with 2 (which is quite exceptional in the genus). g. Manubrium (m) of clasper boat-shaped, being widened ventrally in middle, a little more than four times as long as it is broad at the widest point. Digitoid (F) one-sixth shorter than M, its anterior margin apically distinctly slanting distad. Widened apex of IX.st. obtusely angulate at upper and lower sides, the upper angle slightly more distinct than the lower one. Q. VII.st. with a deep subventral sinus, which is separated by a prominent lobe from a broader, rounded, second sinus, above this a shorter lobe. HABITAT. Western Siberia: west of Minussinsk and near Urda in Kazakhstan, on Lagurus lagurus, Cricetulus migratorius, and in nests of Microtus arvalts, 174 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 8. Stenoponia suknevi loff & Tiflov, 1934 Genal comb in seven males twice 10/10, twice I0/II, once 11/ro and twice I1/II, in ten females twice 11/10, four times 11/11, twice 11/12, twice 12/13, i.e. in males 7 sides with 10 and 7 with 11, in females 2 with 10, 12 with 11, 4 with 12, and 2 with 13. Antepygidials in males once 3/3, once 4/3 five times 4/4, in females once 4/5, four times 5/5, and once each 5/6, 6/5, 5/7, 6/6 and 6/7, i.e. in males 3 sides with 3, II with 4, in females 1-with 4, 12 with 5, 5 with 6 and 2 with 7. g. Manubrium (m) of clasper slender, little widened in middle; digitoid (F) shorter than in S. zvanovi, only two-thirds the length of M, much broader at base, more curved, apex rounded ; ventral arm of IX.st. narrower, the widened apex not angulate, the upper surface extending much farther distad than the lower, which is evenly and very moderately convex. Q. VII.st. with a deep and very narrow subventral sinus, at some distance above which the margin bears a small indentation, no second sinus. Spermatheca much Jess broad than in S. tvanovt. HasitaT. Eastern Kazakhstan, on Microtus arvalis. Subsection A*.—Ashkhabad, Djarkent and Ust-Urt. Rather large fleas. Labial palp with two segments, basal one short. Eye pigmented. Pronotum inclusive of comb one-fifth to one-quarter shorter than metanotum. Anterior section of mesosternosome divided by an internal band-like incrassation which extends from the lower end of the meral rod obliquely upwards and forwards to the anterior margin of the segment, the upperside of the band more or less well defined, whereas its underside gradually fades away (this band indicated in some of the preceding species). Transparent area of metepisternum longer than vertically broad. Oral margin less than twice as long as longest spine of genalcomb. Antepygidials in males 4/4, in females 5/5, 6/5 and 6/6. . g. Digitoid (F) of even width from near base to apex, which is rounded, longer than manubrium (m) of clasper. . On VIII.t. above spiracle on each side about a dozen bristles, of which four or five posterior ones are stout and long. 9. Stenoponia vlasovi lofi & Tiflov, 1934 Genal comb more acutely angulate than in other species. Metepimere with four rows of bristles, the anterior one usually incomplete. Segment V of all tarsi (both sexes) with eight spiniforms on the apical half of the ventral surface (probably variable). Spinelets on abdominal terga in the aggregate in male 23, in females 23-37. g. Manubrium of clasper slightly boot-shaped, proportions 30:7. Lower margin of ventral arm of IX.st. extending farther distad than upper margin. Proximal end of plate of phallosome round, not pointed, not curved up, as broad as the plate is in middle (pathological ?). THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 175 2. VII.st. of abdomen with a broad shallow subventral sinus deepest below middle, the lobe above the sinus rounded, broad. Spermatheca much smaller than in S. conspecta. HapsitaT. Ashkhabad, from nests of Spermophilopsis leptodactylus. In the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) collection, a male and female from Ashkhabad off Rhombomys opimus, presented by I. Ioff, 3 2 from Djarkent on Meriones tamariscinus (Riickbeil leg.). 10. Stenoponia conspecta Wagner, 1926 3 Stenoponia solitaria loft & Tiflov, 1934, Rev. Microbiol., Saratov, 12, pp. 201, 204, 206, fig. Io. Metepimere with three rows of bristles, with one or two additional bristles between the rows. Segment V of all tarsi (both sexes) with three pairs of spiniforms ventrally on the apical area. Aggregate of abdominal spinelets in males 42 and 62, in females 50 and 60. 3 Manubrium of clasper broadened, proportions 30 : g—-Io (in figure of solitaria a little broader). Digitoid (F) more curved than in S. vlasov1. Apical dilatation of IX.st. nearly as in S. suknevi, the upper margin extending farther distad than the ventral one, the extreme apex being dorsal. Q. Subventral sinus of VII.st. deepest near its upper end, the lobe bounding it pointed. Tail of spermatheca broader than in S. vlasovi, snout more prominent, body almost as broad as long. HapitTaT. Djarkent and Ust-Urt, on Rhombomys opimus. In Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 2 gd and 2 2 from Ust-Urt, presented by I. Ioff, and 1 3 from Djarkent. Subsection A®.—The single species, from Transbaikalia, differs so much from all the others that it might be advisable to place it in a separate genus. The male and female in the British Museum collection are defective, but show clearly some remarkable distinctions. The spines of the three combs much shorter than usual. Oral margin much longer than elsewhere, at least three times as long as the longest genal spine and nearly as long as the genal comb. Pronotum inclusive of comb shorter than metanotum. 11. Stenoponia singularis loff & Tiflov, 1934 _ A large species. Genal comb with 12-14 spines (loff & Tiflov), in our male genal comb 11/12, in female 13/13. Labial palp with one segment, which is longer than the fourth segment of the maxillary palp. First segment of the latter nearly one-half longer than II and III together, which are shorter than usual. Bristles of segment II of the antenna more than eight, especially long and numerous in female. Pronotum with two rows of bristles. Band-like incrassation dividing the anterior section of mesosternosome sharply defined, sclerotization of underside of band con- centrated into a stripe extending downwards. Legs shorter than in any other species, particularly the tarsi, segment IV of hind tarsus being only one-eighth and V one-half 176 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) longer than broad (pedicel excluded), III of hind tarsus in S. vlasovi and S. conspecta more than thrice as long as apically broad, in S. singularis the proportions are in male 20:10, in female 15:10. Antepygidials in our male 5/4, in female 6/7. Sensilium of male transverse, twice as broad as long, in female a little broader than long and mot convex as in all other species of the genus. Abdominal spinelets in male too defective, in female on IV 8/11, V 5/10, VI 1/o. ¢d. Digitoid (Fr) of clasper the shortest in Stenoponia, the apical third of its anterior margin slanting backwards, the tip of the digitoid obtusely pointed. Q. VIII.t. above spiracle with nine or ten long stout, straight, bristles (besides many smaller ones) each side. Stylet with three long bristles at apex. Sperma- theca stout, body one-third longer than broad. Hapirat. Transbaikalia, on Myotalpa (now Myospalax) myospalax. In Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) one pair, presented by I. Ioff. Section II.—The Stenoponia tripectinata complex, ranging from the Azores to Iraq. The following account is based on some 180 specimens, mounted in Canada balsam, and on the detailed information most kindly given me by Professor O. Theodor on the distribution, hosts and geophysical environment of the various Stenoponia occurring in Israel. The main distinction of the tripectinata complex from Section I is the gradual extension of the genal comb along the antennal fossa. A specimen which shows no indication of this development can always be recognized as belonging here by some other general somatic difference: the labial palp consists always of one segment ; the oral margin and first segment of the maxillary palp are of approximately equal length, and the anterior area of the mesosternosome is divided by a well-defined band-like sclerotiza- tion into an upper and a lower portion (nearly as in S. singularis Ioff & Tiflov). Although the lower extreme of variation, without the second angle of the genal comb, is in several parts of the body very different from the upper extreme, with 4 spines along the antennal fossa and the eye consequently pushed upwards to the level of the oesophagus, a division of the available material into definite populations of closely related specimens leaves a residue of individuals which take an intermediate position. There is even some uncertainty about specimens taken off the same host-individual : it is reason- able to assume that these are members of one brood, i.e. brothers and sisters, but their morphological differences may be due to mixed parentage and certainty can only be attained by breeding. The knowledge of the genetics of at least one population of Stenoponia is greatly to be desired for another reason also. About a dozen females of various species (Nearctic, Asiatic and Mediterranean) contain one or two eggs (or remnants of eggs) each (Weiss, 1930, pl. 5), though never more than two; they are so large that the two of them occupy about three-fifths of the lumen of the abdomen (Text-fig. 1). The sclerites of the abdominal segments are not broken up, nor are the intersegmental membranes enlarged, but there is a special adaptation in the eighth tergum for facilitating the passage of such a large egg, the posterior portion of the segment bearing a fold or slit running some distance forwards from the margin, THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 177 Fic. 1. Stenoponia tripectinata acmaea ssp. nov. Sketch of abdomen of femaie, El Mansuriva, Giza Province, Egypt, to show relative size of eggs. Fic. 2. Stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata (Tiraboschi). Head of male, Asuni, Sardinia. ENTOM. 6, 7. 8§ 178 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (10911) which permits the segment to expand. This arrangement and its function would be worth study when breeding experiments are carried out. Subsection B!.—Above the point where the left and right oral margins meet there is a more or less distinctly projecting angle (oral angle) (Text-fig. 2; for lettering see Text-fig. 3, A); the distance (Ac) of A from the base of the uppermost spine of the genal comb (c) is longer than the oral margin (cD). The total number of spinelets on abdominal terga II to VI, counting both sides together, is more than 30 in both sexes. Fic. 3. Stenoponia tripectinata acmaea ssp. nov. Head of male paratype, El Mansuriya, Giza Province, Egypt. Group b!.—We unite here all the populations in which at most one spine is moved upward at the antennal fossa out of line with the preceding ones. Pronotal comb varying in the male from 35 to 40 spines (average 37) and abdominal comb from 32 to 38 spines (average 35); in the female the pronotal comb from 36 to 43 spines (average 37) and abdominal comb 35-41 (average 35). 1. Stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata Tiraboschi, 1902 The nomenclatorially typical (or nominate) subspecies is, in this case, also the most primitive one. Ac longer than cp (Text-fig. 2). Variation of genal comb in THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 179 Fics. 4-11. Genal comb in specimens of various subspecies of Stenoponia tripectinata. 4, 5. Left and right sides, respectively, of a male S. ¢. tripectinata from Hammam- Meskoutine, Algeria. 6. Female S. t. tripectinata, St. Michael, Azores. 7. Male holo- type of S. ¢. tenax ssp. nov. 8. Male paratype of S. ¢. megaerva ssp. nov. g. Male paratype of S. ¢. tingitana ssp. nov. 10. Male paratype of S. ¢. tingitana ssp. nov. 11. Female paratype of S. t. acmaea ssp. nov. 180 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) male 11/12, 12/11 (Text-figs. 4, 5), 12/12, 12/13, 13/12, 13/13, in female 11/12, 12/11, 12/12, 12/13, 13/12, 13/13, 13/14, 14/13, 14/14 (Text-fig. 6); of antepygidial bristles in male 3/3, 3/4, 4/4, 4/5, in female 4/4, 5/4, 5/5. Total number of abdo- minal spinelets of each individual varying in male from 49 to 70 (average 59) and Fic. 12. Stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata (Tiraboschi). Terminalia of male, Asuni, Sardinia. and in female from 42 to 67 (average 54). Number of small spiniforms on apical area of underside of tarsal segment V* varying in male on fore and mid tarsi from 6 to g (usually 6 or 7), on hind tarsus 4-6 (average 5-2), in female on fore and mid tarsi from 4 to 6 (usually 5), on hind tarsus from 2 to 5 (usually 4). * The position of segment V on the slide is more often unfavourable than favourable for the exact counting of the spiniforms, the numbers of spiniforms are usually higher in males than in females and on fore and mid tarsi than on hind tarsus. THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 181 In the male (Text-figs. 12, 15-17) the widened apical portion of the morphologically ventral branch of IX.st. bent backwards, contrasting in direction with the narrow proximal portion of the branch and varying much in the degree of convexity of the upperside ; the sclerite (crotchet plate) placed at the side of the terminal tube of the ejaculatory duct varies in size and shape in this and nearly all other populations of tripectinata, usually bearing a longish crotchet at the lower angle pointing obliquely down and sometimes a short one at the upper angle ; subapical lobe of paramere more or less curved down at end. Abdominal tergum VI of male with one Fics. 13, 14. Combs of abdomen in males of Stenoponia tripectinata sspp. 13. S. t. tri- pectinata (Tiraboschi), Hammam-Meskoutine, Algeria. 14. S. ¢. megaera ssp. nov. holotype. or more spinelets, most of which are lateral, situated above the spiracle of VILt., which shines through VI (Text-fig. 13). Hasitat. St. Michael, Azores, roth March, 1903, on Mus (probably “ mouse ”’), W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, 4 2; Porto Santo, Madeira, T. V. Wollaston, 1 9; Asuni, Sardinia, 1910, on Mus (probably ‘‘ Maus’ = mouse) and under a stone, A. H. Krausse, 2 3, 3 2; Portici, S. Italy, 1917, on Pitymys savit, Dr. Nello Mori, 1 9 ; Malcoci, Romania, 19th December, 1906, on Mus (probably “ mouse ’’), A. Rettig ; Dobrogea, Romania, 1913, on Apodemus sylvaticus, W. Facius, 1 2; Adana, S. Anatolia, Turkey, January, 1907, on Mus musculus, and March 1907, on Sorex sp., B. H. Boyadjian, 7 g, 6 9; Khenchela, east end of Aurés Mts., Algeria, May 182 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 1912, on “ Mus algirus’”’ (error for Mus musculus, wild form), K. Jordan, 7 4, 3 9; Hammam Meskoutine, west of Guelma, Algeria, April 1914, on Mus musculus (wild form) and Arvicanthis (now Lemniscomys) barbarus, K. Jordan, 9 3, 10 9. Considering that the extent of the variation of the topotypical population of this unstable flea is not known (the holotype, from Rome, having perished and there being in the British Museum collection only a single nearly topotypical female, from Portici), and that we have only one or a few specimens from six of the nine places mentioned above, splitting up Group b! into several subspecies would be premature. The analysis of the characters of the twenty-six males and twenty- nine females here recorded hints at the possibility that, on receipt of adequate collections from a greater number of localities in the large area in which this flea occurs, one or two new subspecies may become definable. The percentages of males with different numbers of antepygidial bristles (3, 4 or 5) suggest the following combinations of localities : (1) Azores, Madeira, Sardinia, Italy, Moldavia and other localities north of the Mediterranean Sea (in male 87% with 4 and 13% with 5, none with 3). (2) Algeria (Hammam Meskoutine and Khenchela) (in male 10% with 3 and 90% with 4, in female 100% with 5). (3) Adana (in male 50% with 3 and 50% with 4, in female 50% with 4 and 50% with 5; moreover, the extreme of dorsal convexity of the club-end of IX.st. of the male occurs (Text-fig. 17) in the Adana series. Group b?.—Two spines at the upper end of the genal comb are above the align- ment of the comb. Three subspecies. 2. Stenoponia tripectinata tenax subsp. nov. In our few specimens (three males, one female) the labial palp of the male is approximately one-fifth shorter than the first segment of the maxillary palp and one-eighth shorter than the oral margin, in the female one-fourth and one-fifth respectively, the proportion in numerals (labial palp = 1) in male 1: 1-23 and I: 1-13, and in female 1: 1-34 and 1: 1-25. The width ac of the ante-antennal (frontal) section of the head varies from a little shorter to a little longer than one and a half times the oral margin (Ap), the proportions being 1: 1-48 in male and I:1°55 in female; ap shorter than BD. Variation of genal comb in male 12/13 (holotype, Text-fig. 7), 13/12, 13/12, in the single female 13/13. Antepygidials in male 3/3, 3/3, 3/4, in female 5/5. Number of spines in pronotal comb of male 35-36, and in abdominal comb 30-33 (these numbers a little lower than in S. ¢. t71- pectinata) ; in female pronotal comb with 36, abdominal comb with 38. Total number of abdominal spinelets in the three males 50, 56 (average 54), in the female 54 (more than in the following subspecies) ; the spinelets on tergum V of the males number 6/6, 6/6 and 7/7, those on VI 1/3, o/z (lateral) and 1/o, in the female 5/6 on V. Spiniforms on apical area of underside of tarsal segment V more numerous than in S. ¢. tripectinata, in male on fore tarsus 8-13 (average 9°8), mid tarsus 10-12 (average 11-3), hind tarsus 6-8 (average 6-4), in female 7, 6 and 6, THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 183 Figs. 15-25. Expanded apical part of ninth sternum in males of different subspecies of Stenoponia tripectinata. 15, 16. S. t. tripectinata (Tiraboschi), Hammam-Meskou- tine, Algeria. 17. S. ¢. tripectinata (Tiraboschi), Adana, Anatolia, Turkey. 18. S. t. tenax ssp. nov., paratype. 19. S.¢. barcana ssp. nov., holotype. 20. S. t. tingitana ssp. nov., holotype. 21. S. ¢. tingitana ssp. nov., paratype. 22. S. t. insperata (Weiss), Bir Mellah, Tunisia. 23. S. ¢. separata ssp. nov., holotype. 24. S. t. thinophila ssp. nov., holotype. 25. S. ¢. acmaea ssp. nov., paratype, El Mansuriya, Giza Province, Egypt. 184 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) IX.st. of male similar to that of S. t¢. tripectinata, broken off and lost in one specimen, longer and the dorsal side less incurved in the other paratype than in the holotype (Text-fig. 18); lower angle of crotchet-plate in two males with a fairly long crochet directed downwards, upper angle effaced, in third male the crotchet plate similar to that of Text-fig. 26 but smaller, the lower crotchet shorter and the upper one more distinct; subterminal lateral lobe of the paramere curved down at the end. HaBitaT. Guelt-es-Stel, roughly midway between Boghari and Djelfa, Algeria, 3 3 (including holotype) on 23rd April, 1912, and 1 9 on 21st May, 1912, off Meriones shawi, K. Jordan. This is the only place on the high plateau westward of Batna from which we have any fleas. Fic. 26. Terminalia of male holotype of Stenoponia tripectinata megaera ssp. nov. 3. Stenoponia tripectinata megaera subsp. nov. The definition of this subspecies is based on the specimens from Djebel Mourdjadjo, Oran. Labial palp longer than in S. tripectinata tenax, as long as the oral margin or a fraction shorter, taking its length as 1, the proportions with the first segment of the maxillary palp and with the oral margin are in the male I: 1-07 and 1: 0:97, and in the female 1: 1-04 and 1: 1-or. Variation of the genal combs in the male 11/11 (Text-fig. 8), two with 12/12, two with 12/13, in female 11/12, four with FHE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 185 12/12, five with 13/13, two with 14/13. Width Ac of frontal portion of head usually one-half longer than AD, the difference very rarely sinking to four-elevenths of Ap. As in S. tripectinata tenax, AD is smaller than Bc and is less than half Bp. Ante- pygidials in our males 4/4, in eleven of the twelve mounted females (one defective) or wa Ms MKS Re Fic. 27. Tip of abdomen of female of Stenoponia tripectinata megaera ssp. nov. three with 5/5, one with 6/5, five with 6/6, one each with 7/6, 7/7 ; the prevalence of six and seven in a set of antepygidials (68% against 32°%% with five) characterizes this subspecies, the high numbers not occurring elsewhere in the S. tripectinata complex except in Morocco. Total numbers of abdominal spinelets varying in the males from 41 to 49 (average 47), in the females from 36 to 52 (average 43). Spinelets on V.t. in male 3/2, 4/4, 4/2 (Text-fig. 14), 4/4, 3/3 (average of totals for both sides 6-6, 186 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) much lower than in S. tripectinata tenax, for which it is 12-7), on VI.t. three with 1/o, twelve with 1/1, in female spinelets on V.t. varying from 1/1 to 4/4 (average of totals 4:83). Spiniforms on apical area of underside of segment V of fore and mid tarsi 6-10 (average 8-5), on hind tarsus 5-6 (average 5-3), in female on fore and mid tarsi 6-8 (average 7), on hind tarsus 4-6 (average 5:6). In the male (Text-fig. 12) the enlarged apical part of IX.st. dorsally more or less strongly convex, its apical margin slanting downwards and backwards, the most distal point being ventral or subventral; subterminal lobe of paramere not turned down at end, lower crotchet exceptionally long, straight, upper one short. Female with tip of abdomen as in Text-fig. 26. Spermatheca (Text-figs. 27, 28) very variable in length of tail, distance between two parallel lines, one touching the tail at the anterior curve and the other at the tip, 16-22 units. HABITAT. Dyjebel Mourdjadjo (behind Port Oran), Oran Province, Algeria, April 1913, on Dipodillus campestris, Alan Ruddle, 5 ¢ (including the holotype), 12:0: Fics. 28, 29. Spermatheca in female paratypes of Stenoponta tripectinata megaera ssp. nov. Five males and three females, recently received from the Pasteur Institute at Casablanca and collected off Dipodillus campestris in the Nefifik Forest 33 km. NE. of Casablanca by Dr. J. Bruneau, are very similar to the Mourdjadjo population, but in all eight specimens the left genal comb has the same numer of spines as the right one, instead of three heads being asymmetrical in the combs as identity would demand. That raises the question whether the specimens with genal combs arranged symmetrically (like 11/11 and 12/12) are to be treated as taxonomically identical with the asymmetrical ones (11/12 and 12/11). The point will be dealt with in Subsection B*, where asymmetry of this kind is con- spicuous. The series from Morocco further differs in the antepygidials of the five males consisting of three sets of 3 and seven of 4, whereas in the Oran males they are all sets of 4; in the three Moroccan females they are 6/6, 6/5 and 5/4, none with 4 occurring in our twelve Oran females. Moreover, in this female with 5/4 there is on the left side of VI.t a distinct spinelet, the specimen being the only exception in our collection to the rule that in the S. tvipectinata complex VI.t. has no spinelet in the female, and there is the additional difference that the average of spinelets on THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 187 V.t. is in the males 7-6 and in the females 6-0, as compared with the Oran averages of 6:6 in male and 4:8 in female ; variation in the individual totals of spinelets in the males is 40-52 (average 47), in females 36-49 (average 41, the high number in the aberrant third female). The distinctions are of no great weight and they may be negatived on receipt of more Moroccan material; perhaps they indicate only that the eight specimens deviate partially from the Oran series, and for the time being, therefore, they may be referred to as Moroccan megaera. 4. Stenoponia tripectinata barcana subsp. nov. _ Forehead shorter than in the three preceding subspecies, approaching in pro- portions the Gerbillus-flea of Subsection B?. Frontal tubercle not quite effaced ; in male Ac (measured both sides, 27/28 and 29/26) at most one-eighth longer than AD and AD a fifth longer than Bc and less than two units longer than half BD ; cp equal to AD or one unit longer. Labial palp as in S. tripectinata megaera, somewhat longer than in S. tripectinata tenax. Genal combs in males 11/11 and 12/12, in both females 13/13. Antepygidials in both males 3/3, in females 4/4 and 5/5. Pronotum inclusive of comb as long as metanotum or one unit shorter. Totals of abdominal spinelets in males 32 and 44, in females 36 and 43, the averages (38 and 39°5) lower than in tenax and megaera. Males with spinelets on V.t. 3/2 and 5/3, on VI.t. o/o and r/o. Spiniforms on apical area of underside of segment V of tarsi in male 9-10 on fore and mid tarsi, 6 on hind tarsus, in female 6 on fore tarsus, 5 and 6 on mid tarsus, 4 and 5 on hind tarsus. Dilated apex of ventral arm of IX.st. of male (Text-fig. 19) rather strongly convex on the upperside, apical margin rounded, without angle, most distal point below middle, rather closely resembling Text-fig. 17. Crotchet-plate small, crotchets vestigial. Heel of manubrium of clasper gradually widened, less abruptly than in megaera. The slanting upper margin of the lobe above the subventral sinus of VII.st. of the female somewhat abruptly incurved. HasitTaT. Barca (or Barka) peninsula, Cyrenaica, Libya, April 1946, on Spalax ehrenbergi aegyptiacus, Major W. Scott, two pairs (holotype a male). Group b*.—Three or four spines of the genal comb placed at the margin of the antennal fossa, sometimes the base of the lowest of these spines not com- pletely above the preceding one. The number of spines in the genal combs varies in the male from 11 to 14 (not 15) and in the female from 13 to 15 (but 15 occurring only on one side of very few specimens). Pale area of metepisternum always distinctly longer than vertically broad. AD smaller than half Bp and equal to Bc (+ I or 2 units), Ac one-sixth to a half longer than AD, usually one-third or a quarter. 5. Stenoponia tripectinata tingitana subsp. nov. Labial palp less than two-thirds the length of oral margin. Genal comb in male 12/12 (Text-fig. 9), two with 13/14, 14/14 (Text-fig. 10), in female 14/13. Pro- 188 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R.. (1911) notum inclusive of comb a little shorter than metanotum (12:13 in male, 14: 17 in female, + 1). Spines in pronotal comb in male 33-36 (average 34:25), of abdo- minal comb 30-34 (average 31), in female 37 and 36. Variation of totals of abdominal spinelets in males 34, 50, 29, 36 (average 37:25), which is less than in the four preceding subspecies) ; in female 36. In male spinelets on V.t. 3/1, 4/2, 0/1, 1/1, total 13 (a low number), on VI.t. 1/o and three with o/o ; in female on V.t. 2/3, on VI.t.o/o. Antepygidials in males three with 3/3, one with 4/4, in female 5/5. Spiniforms on apical area of underside of segment V of tarsi in males 9-12 (usually 10, average 10:2) on fore and mid tarsi, on hind tarsus 6. Dorsal surface of dilated apical portion of ventral arm of IX.st. of male extending farther distad than underside (Text-fig. 20), the greater portion of the long setae ventral and subventral, but in one of the four males (Text-fig. 21) the dorsal side much more convex than in the holotype (Text-fig. 20), the bristles more terminal but well below the level of the highest dorsal point. Crotchet-plate small, its margin incurved in the holotype and its lower angle with a short sharp crotchet, the outlines in the other males less distinct. HapitatT. Rabelais, near Orléansville (close to the border of Oran province), Algeria, January 1930, in nest of Meriones shawi, H. Heim de Balzac, 4 ¢ (including holotype), 1 @. 6. Stenoponia tripectinata insperata Weiss, 1930 ; Wagner, 1932 ; Wagner & Wassilieff, 1933 ; Stenopia tripectinata, Jordan, 1931. The late Monsieur Weiss assumed that the left and right sides of the flea he described were identical. Counting the left-side spines and spinelets, he simply doubled the numbers; hence his statement that in the female—he described first the female and then the male, following the habit of the geneticists—the head bears a comb of 28 spines, and in the male of 26. In 1932 Wagner corrected some of Weiss’s errors and added some details, but the head figured as that of a female is that of a male, and what he referred to as abdominal tergites IV and V were evidently V and VI. Fortunately Wagner sent us, in exchange, three males and four females of the series collected by Wassilieff. As Wagner used the small continental slides, the Stenoponia, like other mounted fleas received from him, were remounted at Tring and unfortu- nately suffered much in the process, only two of them being in fair order. Wagner's collection having been destroyed, no other specimens are available for an attempt to characterize S. tripectinata insperata. Measurements of head: in male AD = BC or one unit shorter, AC approximately two-fifths longer than AD (on average as 24:17); CD nearly as long as AC (average of AD: CD as 17:22). Variation of genal comb in male 12/13, 13/12, 13/13; in female three with 14/14, one with 14/15, or in male 33% of combs with 12, 67% — with 13 ; in female 87% with 14 and 13% with 15. Antepygidials in all three males 3/3; in all four females 4/4. As there is some uncertainty in the descriptions by Weiss (1930) and Wagner (1932) about the number of abdominal spinelets, particu- larly as regards terga IV to VI, we give here our counts in full for both sexes : THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 189 Tergite Tergite cs “~ i | t= x Y\ Th PEL. AM Vv VI i fat- “atv Vv VI ae os. FTF G2 als. 33. 9/2 eo OS 716 715. 2]4 > o/0 7/8 7/6 6/5 3/2 oft 8/6 7/5 6/6 5/2 ofo 6/7 7/6 6/5 4/2 of: 716: S/O G30 7 2/e) oe 9/5 5/6 6/6 2/1? ojo Totals in male: 44, 45, 44 (average 44:3), in female: 46, 46, ?, 40 ? (average 44 ?). Variation of length of pronotum plus comb in male 29-33 units (average 31), of metanotum 34-38 (average 36) ; in female pronotum plus comb 34-40 (average 38), metanotum 37-47 (average 42). Number of spines of pronotal comb varying in male from 33 to 35 (average 34), abdominal comb from 29 to 32 (average 31) ; in female pronotal comb from 34 to 36 (average 35), abdominal comb from 31 to 39 (average 35). Spiniforms on apical area of underside of tarsal segment V (countable accurately on only a few tarsi) in male 7-10 (average 8-2) on fore and mid tarsi, 6~7 (usually 6) on hind tarsi; in female 6 on mid tarsi, 6 (more rarely 5) on hind tarsi. Terminalia of male: manubrium of clasper without heel, its length 22 units, digitoid (F) 27; dilated apex of ventral branch of [X.st. (Text-fig. 22) dorsally more convex than its ventral surface is concave, not subcircular in outline, its apical margin rounded, the long bristles below the highest point of upperside ; crotchet-plate as broad as long, its outer margin incurved, at lower angle with sharply pointed broad short crotchet, upper end without crotchet ; subapical lateral lobe of paramere rounded at apex. HABITAT. Carthage area, Tunis, on Gerbillus campestris, Bir Mellah, Kairouan area, Tunisia, November 1931, on Meriones shawi (in enormous quantity in the nest according to Wagner & Wassilieff, 1933) and Dipodillus campestris; in British Museum (Nat. History) 3 4, 4 9. We interpolate here, as S. tvipectinata subsp., a pair from Biskra, South Algeria, taken by J. Steinbach on Meriones shawi in February—March 1908. The male is larger than the female and the genal combs are in the male 14/14 and in the female 13/13, from which it might be reasonable to conclude that the number of genal spines depends on the size of the specimen, which is contradicted by many instances. A pair of the next subspecies, for example, stated by the collector to have been collected on Arvicola, differ in the spines of the genal comb being in the male 14/14 and in the female 13/14, but the male is the smaller of the two, Ap being I9 units long in the male and 23 in the female, the pronotum plus comb 34 in the male and 38 in the female. Antepygidials of Biskra male 3/3, of the female 5/4. Spines in pronotal comb of male 38, of abdominal comb 38, in female 36 and 37 respectively. Length of pronotum plus comb in male 40 units, of metanotum 44, in female 36 and 41. Spine- lets on abdominal terga in male on II 8/8, III 8/7, IV 6/6, V 6/4, VI 0/1; in female on II 7/7, III 8/7, 1V 6/7, V 1/1, VI o/o; totals 54 in male, 44in female. Spiniforms on underside of tarsal segment V in male 11 on mid tarsus, in female 6 on fore tarsus and 5 on hind tarsus (the other tarsi imperfect or in a bad position). 190 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) Terminalia of male nearly as in S. ¢t. insperata, dilated apex of [X.st. ventrally more rounded and expanded, but still much less convex than on dorsal side ; crotchets indicated. 7. Stenoponia tripectinata medialis subsp. nov. According to the accounts of S. ¢. imsperata given by Weiss, Wagner & Wassilieff, and the study of our seven specimens of that subspecies, the fleas we have from Rehoboth in Israel differ markedly from imsperata in the genal combs, the ante- pygidials, abdominal spinelets and, in the female, the tarsal spiniforms. Of our six males of medialis, two have 13/13 spines in the genal combs, one has 13/14 and three have 14/14, none having 12 spines; put in percentages, there are 42% with 13 spines and 58% with 14. Of the five females, one has 13/13 spines, one 13/14, two 14/14 and one 14/15; in percentages 30% with 13 spines, 60% with 14 and 10% with 15. Instead of the three antepygidials found in the male of S. t. insperata and four in the female of that subspecies, there are in the six males of S. t. medialis four with 3/3, one with 3/4 and one 4/3, and in the seven females (including two of which Professor O. Theodor has given me the details) three with 4/4 bristles, two with 5/4 and two with 5/5, or 57% of sets of antepygidial bristles in the female with four bristles and 43% with five. Aggregate of the spinelets on abdominal terga II to VI of each male individual 43, 37, 39, 39, 35, 37 (average 38), in female 31, 32, 38, 37, 25, 18, 34 (average 31) ; the aggregate of 18 is exceptionally small and points to Subsection B?, where such low averages for the spinelets are normal, The variation in the number of spinelets on the homologous terga is as follows in the six males: on II from 12 to 14, total number 80, average 13°3, on III frorn 11 to 12, total 57, average 9:5, on IV from 8 to Io, total 51, average 8-5, on V from 4 to 7, total 29, average 4:8, on VI 0-2, total 4, average 0-67 ; in the seven females on II from 7 to 15, total 84, average 12, on III from 7 to 14, total 71, average 10-1, on IV from 4 to I0, total 47, average 6°8, on V from 0 to 5, total 17, average 2°4, on VI none. Spinelets of each of the six males: on V 4/2, 2/2, 2/1, 2/3, 2/2, 3/4, on VI 1/1, 1/0, o/o, o/o, 1/0; in the seven females on V 0/2, 1/0, 3/1, 0/1, 1/3, 0/0, 3/2, on VI o/o in all specimens. It should be noted that one female has no spinelets on V and that in three others one side is devoid of them, and further that the average of spinelets on segment V of the seven specimens is only one-fifth the corresponding average for segment II. The number of spines in the pronotal comb varies in the male from 31 to 34 (average 32-7) and in the female from 31 to 36 (average 32) ; variation in the number of spines in the abdominal comb in the male is from 31 to 36 (average 32-3), and in the female from 31 to 39 (average 34:4). Length of pronotum plus comb in male 32—36 units (average 34) ; length of metanotum 38-42 (average 41); in female pronotum inclusive of comb 36-39 units (average 37°5), metanotum 45-49 (average 46-8). Number of spiniforms on underside of tarsal segment V in male 8-12 (usually more than ro) on fore and mid tarsi, 5—9 on hind tarsus (usually 6, rarely 5), in female fore and mid tarsi with 6 (rarely 7), hind tarsus usually with 4 and less often 5 (there are also 4 spiniforms in S. t. tripectinata). Terminalia of male similar to those of S. ¢. insperata, widened apical portion of THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 19t lower arm of IX.st. dorsally convex as in insperata but variable, in one male slenderer than in Text-fig. 17, broadest in male off Arvicola; crotchet shorter than outer margin of crotchet-plate. Hasitat. Rehoboth, near Jaffa, Israel, 8th February, 1914 on Meriones shawi tvistramt, and 1st January, 1914 on “ Avvicola”’, J. Aharoni, 6 3, 5 2; holotype a male with 14/14 spines in the genal comb, off Meriones. Two females (one of them at Tring) from Hadassim, Israel, are referred here provisionally. Their genal combs are of 13/13 and 14/14 spines, their antepygidial bristles 3/3 and 4/4, and the totals of their abdominal spinelets 33 and 26. 8. Stenoponia tripectinata spinellosa subsp. nov. In four males and three females the variations of the proportions of the head are as follows: in male AD 18-21 units (average 19°5), AC 23-25 (average 24), BC I7-21 (average 19°3), CD 22-23 (average 22°8), BD 43-45 (average 44:3); in female AbD 22-23 (average 22°3), AC 26-28 (average 27), BC 23, CD 27-28 (average 27-7), BD 52. Length of pronotum plus comb in male 30-33 (average 31°5), of metanotum 36-40 (average 38); in female pronotum plus comb 39-42 (average 40-3), metanotum 45-48 (average 46-9). Spines of pronotal comb in male 34-37 (average 35:8), in female 38 ; spines of abdominal comb in male 31-36 (average 34:3), in female 34-38 (average 36) ; spiniforms on underside of tarsal segment V in male 8 (rarely 7) on fore and mid tarsi, 6-8 (usually 8) on hind tarsus; in female 6 (more rarely 7) on fore and mid tarsi, 6 (rarely 5) on hind tarsus. Inclusive of information received from Professor O. Theodor on additional speci- mens (five males, seven females) the following account is based on nine males, ten females from near the foot of Mount Carmel. One male has 12/11 spines in the genal combs of the two sides, three 12/12, two 13/12, two 13/13 and one 12/14; in percen- tages 5:5% of combs have 11 spines, 56% have 12, 33% 13 and 5:5% 14 spines ; in the female sex one has 12/12 spines, one 12/13, seven 13/13 and one 14/13 ; expressed in percentages 15°%, of combs contain 12 spines, 80% have 13 and 5% 14 spines. The difference of 2 spines in the left and right genal combs of one of the specimens is remarkable ; this condition occurs very rarely. The number of antepygidials does not vary individually, being 3/3 bristles in the male and 4/4 in the female. The spinelets of abdominal terga II to V are surprisingly numerous, the aggregate on each of the nine males being 49, 57, 45, 47, 52, 57, 55, 64, 59 (average 54), in the ten females 51, 46, 50, 63, 54, 48, 68, 48, 64, 59 (average 55); similar high averages occur in the Algerian populations of S. ¢. tripectinata but the sets of antepygidial bristles in these latter nearly all contain four bristles in the male (93% with four, only 7% with three) and all contain five bristles in the female. Some other points of interest become very obvious when the totals of spinelets on corresponding segments are compared with each other and with the numbers in preceding populations: the variation on II in the nine males extends from 15 to 17 (total 150; average 16-7), on III from 11 to 17 (total 132; average 14-7), on IV from 11 to 14 (total 114; average 12-7), on V from 7 to 11 (total 77; average 8-6), 192 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) on VI from o to 1 (total 3; average 0-3); in the ten females the variation on II is from 15 to 21 (total 183 ; average 18-3), on III from 14 to Ig (total 160; average 16), on IV from ro to 17 (total 140; average 14), on V from 5 to 11 (total 69; average 6:9), on VI always 0. The female as well as the male has spinelets on both sides of tergum V, and only three of the males have only one spinelet on one side of this tergum (and six or more on the other). A comparison of the averages of the numbers of spinelets on the corresponding terga in S. ¢. medialis and S. t. spinellosa is given below : Tergite Tergite Ew ees oe Ue f~ pea or p | II III IV mr USE II III IV Vo medialis . Gg . 13°3 9°5 8°5 4:8 0°67 f°] 12 10'1 6:8 2°4 0 stinellosa . 16°97 14:7 12°7 8:6 ©*§ 2 18-3 16 14 6-9 0 Terminalia of male similar to those of S. ¢. medialis, but the dilated apex of the ventral arm of [X.st. a little more round-convex distally, slightly approaching symmetry. HapitaT. Mishmar Haemek (or Mishmar Ha’emeq, about 7 km. from the foot of Mt. Carmel), Israel, 7th December, 1952, on Meriones shawi tristramt (M. Costa leg.), a series in the collection of the Department of Parasitology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem ; holotype and some paratypes in the British Museum (Natural History). Holotype a male with 12 genal spines each side, 51 abdominal spinelets and no spinelet on tergum VI. In the collection of the University of Jerusalem there are two females from near Jerusalem (Aqua Bella) which evidently belong here, but the total of abdominal spinelets in one of them is only 41 and there is only 1 spinelet on tergum V. 9. Stenoponia tripectinata irakana subsp. nov. The three specimens (one male, two females) we possess are characterized by the number of spines in all six genal combs being 14, and the counts of abdominal spinelets 46 in the male and 52 and 56 in the females. Proportions of head : in both sexes AD shorter than Ac, than CD and than half Bb. Number of spines in pronotal comb 36 in the male, 38 and 37 in the females ; in the abdominal comb 35 in the male, 35 and 38 in the females. Length of pronotum, including comb, 37 units in male, 38 and 39 in the females, of mesonotum 45 in the male, 44 and 47 in the females, of metanotum 44 in the male, 46 and 49 in the females, of abdominal tergum I inclusive of comb 35 in male, 35 and 39 in females. Antepygidials as in S. ¢. spinellosa, 3/3 in male, 4/4 in both females. Spiniforms on ventral surface of tarsal segment V in male 11-13 on fore tarsus, 12 on mid tarsus, 7 on hind tarsus ; females with 6 and 7 on fore and mid tarsi and 6 on hind tarsus. Apex of ventral arm of st.IX of male almost symmetrical, proximally of the broadest point more incurved ventrally than dorsally. THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 193 Hasitat. Karradit Marion, Baghdad, Iraq, 28th January, 1953, I ¢ (type) from Mus musculus praetextus and New Baghdad Race Track, Baghdad, Iraq, 5th February, 1953, 1 9 from Gerbillus lofthusi, C. A. Hubbard ; Haur al Hasa, west bank of Euphrates SW. of Faluja, Iraq, from Jaculus jaculus lofthusi, December 1954, I 2, D. L. Harrison. 10. Stenoponia tripectinata separata subsp. nov. Particularly distinguished by the narrowness of the club of IX.st. of the male. Proportions of head in male: AD Ig, AC 23, BC 19, CD 22, BD 42; in female: AD 23, AC 29, BC 2I, CD 30, BD 53. Number of spines in the genal comb in males 12/13 and 13/13 (type), in the only female 14/15. Antepygidials 3/3 in both males, 4/4 in the female. Number of spinelets on abdominal terga of male holotype 7/7 on II, 6/6 on III, 6/5 on IV, 3/3 on V, none on VI (total 43), in the second male 7/7 on II, 6/6 on III, 5/6 on IV, 4/4 on V, none on VI (total 45) ; female with 8/9 on II, 8/8 on III, 6/6 on IV, 3/4 on V, none on VI (total 52). Number of spines in pronotal comb of both the male and the female from the Mersa Matruh area 36, of the abdo- minal comb 32 in the male and 36 in the female ; second male with 38 spines in the pronotal comb and 35 in the abdominal one. Length of pronotum plus comb in the male from the Mersa Matruh area 33 units, in the female 40, mesonotum 38 in the male and 48 in the female, metanotum 37 in the male and 45 in the female, abdominal tergum I plus comb 29 in the male and 37 in the female ; corresponding measurements in the second male 35, 40, 40 and 32. Number of spiniforms on tarsal segment V of the male holotype 12 on fore tarsus, ro (?) on mid tarsus, 7 on hind tarsus ; female with 6, 6/6 and 6 respectively ; all legs of second male defective. Club of ventral arm of IX.st. of male similar to that of S. ¢. barcana but narrower (Text-fig. 23), very little broader in second male than in holotype ; length of digitoid (F) 29 units, of manubrium (mM) 26, and of ventral margin of VIII sternum from the point of division into left and right lateral lobes proximad to the pit of the nearest long bristle 14 units, i.e. longer than in the subspecies following. HasitatT. Thirty-seven miles west of Mersa Matruh, Western Desert Province, Egypt, 13th January, 1933, 1 ¢ (holotype), 1 9, and 19 miles east of Sidi Barrani, Western Desert Province, 1 ¢. Both the localities are on the north-west coast of Egypt and the second locality is about 52 miles from Matruh. As the specimens were collected from burrows of undetermined rodents, by H. Hoogstraal, it seems possible that the rodent may have been Spalax ehrenbergi, which occurs from Cyrenaica (eastern Libya) through Lower Egypt to Israel and Syria.* Subsection B?.—Head (Fig. 3) anteriorly much more rounded than in Subsection B', the frontal angle vestigial or effaced. Oral margin, AD, as long as or longer than AC, rarely one or two units shorter than Act. The average of the total * Mr. Hoogstraal kindly tells us that he thinks the very characteristic burrows of Spalax would have been recognized and that it is more probable that the owners of the burrows were either Meriones shawi or Psammomys obesus. ¢ It is sometimes necessary to measure both sides of the head and take the average of these measure- ments as the true length, 194 THE TAXONOMY: OF ('STENOPONTALY. (oR iets) number of spinelets on abdominal terga II to V of the specimens of a subspecies is 30 or less; VI without spinelets in either sex. Club of IX.st. of male almost symmetrical as in S. ¢. insperata and S. t. ivakana. Three subspecies. Group b*.—Number of spines of the genal comb in the majority of specimens of both sexes 14, none of either sex with 16. Abdominal tergum V in both sexes with one or two spinelets on at least one side. Average totals of spinelets in our two males 29, in three females 29-3 ; average number of spinelets on IV in male 6, in female 6-7. 11. Stenoponia tripectinata blanda subsp. nov. Proportions of head in male holotype (those for male paratype in brackets) : AD 18 units (21), AC Ig (20), BC 17 (19), CD 23 (24), BD 40 (43). In three females AD 20, 21 and 22 respectively, Ac 21, 21 and 22, BC Ig, 20 and 21, CD 23, 25 and 26, BD 43, 45 and 46. Spinelets on abdominal terga in holotype male 7/6 on II, 6/5 on III, 4/4 on IV, 0/1 on V, total 33 ; in second male 5/6, 4/4, 2/2 and 1/1, total 25 ; average total number of spinelets for the two males 29. Spinelets in the three females 6/5, 5/6 and 6/6 on II, 4/4, 4/5 and 7/5 on III, 2/3, 3/3 and 5/4 on IV, o/1, 1/1 and 0/2 on V, totals for the three individuals 25, 28 and 35 (average 29°3). The aggregate number of spinelets on tergum IV of the two males is 12 (average 6) and in the three females the aggregate is 20 (average 6-7), while in the two subspecies which follow the average number of spinelets on IV is half (male) or less than half (female) the number found in blanda. Spines of pronotal comb of male 15/15 and 17/17, in females 18/18, 18/17 and 17/19. Dorsal length in males of pronotum plus comb 28 and 30, of mesonotum 34 and 36, of metanotum 36 in both, of tergum I of abdomen including comb 28 and 30; corresponding figures for the three females are pronotum with comb 33, 32 and 30, mesonotum 41, 40 and 35, metanotum 42, 40 and 37, tergum I with comb 35, 35 and 34. Number of spiniforms on apical area of underside of tarsal segment V in males ?/? and 8/9 on fore tarsus, 7/7 and ?/? on mid tarsus, 6/6 and 6/6 on hind tarsus; in females ?/?, 6/7 and ?/6 on fore tarsus, 7/6, ?/6 and 6/6 on mid tarsus, 6/6, 6/? and 6/6 on hind tarsus. The length of the convex dorsal surface of the club of IX.st. of male (measured from upper long apical bristle forward) is nearly equal to width of club and the concave ventral area extends to the first long ventral bristle of the apical row. Hasitat. Bir Bosslanga, near Salum (or Sollum), Libyan Plateau, Western Desert Province, Egypt, about 500 ft., from nests of Gerbillus, 25th October, 1953, H. Hoogstraal, 1 ¢ (the holotype) and 3 2; 12 miles south of Sidi Barrani, Western Desert Province, from Gerbillus gerbillus, 23rd April, 1954, H. Hoogstraal, 1 3. The form is morphologically intermediate between the preceding subspecies and the following ones. Group b’.—The number of spines in the genal combs is 15 or 16 in the great majority of males, in females it is 15, 16 or (rarely) 17. The total number of spinelets on the abdominal terga varies in the thirty-five males seen from 9 to 24 (average 15), in the fifty-one females from 11 to 27 (average THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J: & R. (1911) 195 20°5). There are two subspecies, possibly more. We have five males and six females from Ain Séfra, South-west Oran near the Moroccan border, sixteen males and twenty-five females from Egypt (mostly from Giza Province and the adjacent portion of Beheira Province, but also some from north of Shirbin) and Israel (two pairs from near Tel-Aviv plus detailed information of twelve males and sixteen females supplied by Prof. Theodor). The Stenoponia in question are almost confined to Gerbillus and Jaculus, which are partial to sand-dunes ; it is a reasonable assumption that Stenoponia will be found in suitable places everywhere from Morocco (inclusive) to Egypt as well as in the Arab countries of the Middle East. 12. Stenoponia tripectinata thinophila subsp. nov. Variation of proportions of head in five males: AD 22-26 units (average 22-8), AC 20-23 (average 21-6), BC 18-21 (average 19°0), CD 24-29 (average 26:0), BD 45-50 (average 46-2); in six females AD 23-26 (average 24:2), AC 23-26 (average 24:3), BC 20-22 (average 21-4), CD 28-35 (average 30°8), BD 52-56 (average 54:0). Varia- tion in the left and right sides of the genal comb in males: 14/13, 14/14, 14/14, 15/14, 16/15; in females 15/15, 15/16, 15/16, 16/16, 16/16, 16/16; in the males 10% of combs with 13 spines, 60% with 14, 20% with 15 and 10% with 16; in the female 33°3°%% with 15 spines and 66-7% with 16; the high proportion of genal combs with 14 spines in the male and 16 in the female is characteristic of this sub- species. Antepygidial bristles : four males with 3/3 and one with 4/4 (i.e. 80% with three bristles and 20% with four), two females with 4/4 and four with 5/5 (i.e. 33°3% with four and 66-7% with five). As the abdominal spinelets are of special interest in the study of the evolution of the S. tvipectinata complex and our eleven specimens are a mere sample from an isolated locality in western Algeria, the details of the variation of the spinelets are given here as a possible help for the future student of these fleas who may have abundant material from the areas further west and east which are not at present accessible to the naturalist. Tergite Tergite c —A 225) fi; — ogee IT III IV Vv Total II 1 tv: Vv Total Cons SO <3 20) ie “20... -20 Ore ce ANS. S12 ASV [i 4-26 415> A414) 2/2 > OB /Oy (2? 9 3/6. 2/3, 6 2/3. PlOr =. 149 2/5.° 3)3°--2 {2 S/o; .--16 314) A/D. - SEOs 0/6" 2 ays: 2/2). B/D) Oyo 5.836: Side D2 PIE POLO) 2° FS le Gt) Vhlro- O04 5/7 2/6* 2/4 of: . 27 CF ee 4 ane ee yr aera: 2 Average of individual totals of spinelets in male 16-6, in female 18-1. In the five males total of spinelets on II 46 (average 9-2), on III 25 (average 5-0), on IV 12 * The great difference in the number of spinelets on the left and right sides of this specimen is partly due to unsatisfactory mounting, the sides not covering each other symmetrically so that the two spiracles of a segment are as far apart vertically as double the interspace between two long bristles of the posterior Tow, 196 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) (average 2:4), on V I (average 0-2) ; in six females 54 on II (average 9:0), 27 on III (average 4:5), 21 on IV (average 3°5), 7 on V (average 1:2). The present population differs from all others in the fact that tergum V bears spinelets in four out of six females, whereas in the male only one specimen has a spinelet on V. In the two following populations (thirty males and forty-five females in all) one male has spine- lets on V and all females are without them on this tergum. Number of spines in pronotal and abdominal combs in individual males 39 and 38, 33 and 34, 34 and 30, 35 and 35, 35 and 36; in females 37 and 39, 38 and 43, 37 and 42, 39 and 41, 38 and 42, 35 and 35; averages in male 356 and 34-6, in female 34:4 and 37:0. The fact that in the female the number of spines in the abdominal comb is nearly always greater than the number in the pronotal comb is the opposite of what obtains in the populations of Group b® from Egypt and Israel. Lengths of various segments are as follows : Males Sea aa ‘\ Pronotum Abdominal t.1I plus comb Mesonotum Metanotum plus comb 36 39 41 34 30 36 35 29 29 33 33 28 30 36 37 32 29 33 36 30 Average. 30°8 35°4 30°4 30°6 Females Si —-. ‘\ 38 45 43 39 37 42 45 4° 40 47 48 41 39 43 43 40 37, 45 42 37 36 43 42 38 Average F 37°8 43°6 43°8 39°2 Number of spiniforms on apical area of underside of tarsal segment V of male on the two sides ?/9, ?/8, ?/9, 14/?, 8/? on the fore tarsus, ?/9, 9/?, 8/?, ?/?, 8/7 on the mid tarsus and 7/7, ?/?, ?/7, 8/8, 6/? on hind tarsus ; females with ?/8, 7/8, 7/7, 8/?, 7/7 and ?/? on fore tarsus, ?/7, 7/?, 7/?, 8/7, 7/? and 9/9 on mid tarsus and ?/7, 6/?, 6/6, ?/6 and ?/5 on hind tarsus. The convex dorsal surface of the club of IX.st. of the male longer than in the next subspecies and the underside, from the long apical bristles forward, usually a little more distinctly convex than in Text-fig. 24, taken from the type. Hasirat. Ain-Séfra, south-western portion of Province of Oran, Algeria, 4th—7th May, 1913, from Gerbillus pyramidum hirtipes, Dunn leg. (on ornithological expedi- tion of W. Rothschild and E. Hartert to western Algeria), 5 g and 69. Holotype a male with 14/14 genal spines and 2/1 spinelets on tergum IV. THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 197 13. Stenoponia tripectinata acmaea subsp. nov. The typical area of this subspecies is the Giza Province, on the west bank of the Nile opposite Cairo, extending west to the pyramids of Rawash and northwards over the southern border of the Beheira Province at El Khataba (or Khatabba). A male from 40 km. west of Cairo has the abdomen so much contracted that the spinelets of terga IV and V cannot be studied ; the specimen may represent a cline towards S. ¢. blanda. The four specimens obtained by H. Hoogstraal far north, at Kafr el Battik, almost opposite Damietta (now Dumyat), are also better considered as atypical on account of the fact that the single male has 13 spines in the left genal comb and 15 in the right one, a degree of lopsidedness otherwise occurring only in Israel. The large area of lowland traversed by freshwater channels lying to the north and east of Cairo and including the Land of Goshen (where Pharaoh settled the family of Joseph) is as far as Stenoponia is concerned a blank. Excluding these atypical specimens, the material consists of fourteen males and twenty-two females. The averages of the measurements of the head in the fourteen males are : AD 24:5, AC 22°4, BC 20°6, CD 27°5, BD 48-0, and in the twenty-two females AD 26-7, AC 245, BC 21°3, CD 30-7 and BD 53°5. As samples of the individual variation, the measure- ments of the two males and two females, of which one specimen of each sex has the longest measurement for AD and the other the shortest, are recorded : the measure- ments for these four specimens being for the male sex AD 27 and 22, AC 23 and 21, Bc 18 and 18, cD 29 and 26, and BD 50 and 45; in the female sex AD is 29 and 24, AC 26 and 24, BC 21 and 21, CD 31 and 29 and Bp 54 and 50. The number of spines in the genal combs varies in the males from 14 to 16 and in the females from 14 to 17, the percentages being in the male sex 21-4% of combs with 14 spines, 64:3% with 15 and 14:3% with 16, in the female 2-3°%% (one comb only) with 14 spines, 54°5% with 15, 38-7% with 16 and 4:5% with 17 spines ; the number of specimens in which the number of spines in the left and right combs differs by one spine is remarkably high, eight males and nine females (seventeen of the thirty-six speci- mens, or 47:2%) having this asymmetrical arrangement. The holotype is a specimen with 15 spines each side. The sets of antepygidial bristles consist in the male of three or four bristles and in the female four or five, in the male 67:9% of the sets with three bristles and 32:1% with four, in the female 25% of the sets with four bristles and 75% with five; it is rather surprising, and perhaps not a coincidence, that in the three males and three females with asymmetrical sets of antepygidials it is the left set which has a bristle less than the right, whereas in the asymmetrical antepygidial sets of the male from 40 km, west of Cairo, the male and one female from north of Shirbin, and a male of S. t. blanda it is the right side which has a bristle less. The average number of spines in the pronotal comb is 36-4 in the male and 38-4 in the female, and of the abdominal comb 35°5 in the male and 37°5 in the female ; frequently the pronotal comb has one or a few spines more than the abdominal comb, but the reverse also occurs. Certain measurements (in units) of the thoracic nota and abdominal tergum I, 198 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) together with averages (in brackets) in fourteen males and twenty-two females are given below —- Abdominal Pronotum Mesonotum Metanotum — tergum I Variation in 3 . : ; ; 30-36 ; 35-41 ; 35-41 ; 28-35 (av. 33-0) (av. 36-8) (av. 38-8) (av. 32-6) Variation in 9 : ; ‘ ; 33-40 : 40-47 ; 40-47 ; 34-40 (av. 37°9) (av. 44°4) (av. 44°4) (av. 37°9) Length in 3 with longest pronotum . 36 : 40 . 41 ‘ 34 Length in ¢ with shortest pronotum 30 : 36 " 30 y 30 Length in 9 with longest pronotum . 40 ‘ 47 ; 47 ‘ 41 Length in 2 with shortest pronotum 33 ‘ 40 i 40 ‘ 40 The totals of abdominal spinelets of individuals vary in the male from 14 to 24 (average 20) and in the female from 10 to 26 (average 19). Counts of the spinelets on segments II to V of the two males with the highest and lowest total numbers are 13 and g on II, 8 and 4 on III, 3 and r on IV and o ando on V;; corresponding counts for females are 14 and 6 on II, 8 and 4 on III, 4 and o on IV and 0 and o on V. The aggregate number of spinelets on the individual terga in the fourteen males is 150 on II (average 10-7), 85 on III (average 6-1), 39 on IV (average 2-8) and 2 on V (average 0-14); in the twenty-two females the aggregates are 240 on II (average 109), 137 on III (average 6-2), 40 on IV (average 1°8) andoon V. All the males have at least one spinelet on IV, whereas among the females there are four specimens in which IV has no spinelets ; the greater reduction in the female of spinelets on IV and the retention in one male of spinelets on V are in accord with the general trend of evolution in the tripectinata complex, the female being a step in advance of the male. The spiniforms on the apical area of the underside of tarsal segment V can be counted in half the tarsi of the fourteen males (42 out of 84) and nearly half those of the twenty-two females (64 out of 132) ; the counts vary in the males from 6 to 9 and in the females from 6 to 8, the most interesting fact being some high counts on the hind tarsus of females. Of the males, one fore tarsus has 7, seven have 8, three have 9 (average 8-2), three mid tarsi have 7, six have 8, and one has g (average 7°8), seven hind tarsi have 6, ten have 7, three have 8 and one has g (average 6:9) ; in the females two fore tarsi have 6, eight have 7, and six have 8 (average 7°3), one mid tarsus has 6, eighteen have 7 and five have 8 (average 7:2), twelve hind tarsi have 6, seven have 7 and five have 8 (average 6:7). The club of the ninth sternite of the male (Text-fig. 25) is nearly as convex below as above, its outline approaching symmetry. There is nothing in the clasper and phallosome distinguishing the present subspecies (Text-fig. 30). Hasirat. Abu Rawash, Giza Province, Egypt, 18th March, 1952, in Arvicanthis nest 2 g, 22; El Mansuriya, Giza Province, 3rd April, 1952, from nest of Gerbillus gerbillus, 4 3, 6 9; Mansuriya, Giza Prov., edge of desert, from rodent’s nest, December 1951, 2 2; Beni Salama, Giza Prov., 29th January, 1953, from Gerbillus burrow, 1g; Abu Ghalib, Imbaba, Giza Prov., 2nd May, 1951, from nest of Gerbillus gerbillus, 1 9; Kafr Hakim, Imbaba, Giza Prov., 6th February, 1953, from Gerbillus burrow, 1 g, 1 2; Mansuriya, Imbaba, Giza Prov., 12th February, 1953, from THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) 199 Gerbillus gerbillus (probably a nest), 2 ¢ (including the holotype), 1 9; Mansuriya, Imbaba, Giza Prov., gth March, 1953, from Jaculus jaculus,1 2; Afifi Pasha, Ezbet Hafiz, Giza Prov., 29th March, 1952, from nest of Jaculus jaculus, 3 3,692; El Khataba (or Khatabba, a short distance north of Giza Prov.), Beheira Province, 29th January, 1953, from Gerbillus nest, 1 3, 2 9. Fic. 30. Terminalia of male paratype of Stenoponta tripectinata acmaea ssp. nov. The male from the Western Desert Province, 40 km. west of Cairo, 1st April, 1952, and the male and three females from Kafr el Battik, north of Shirbin, Gharbiya Province, February 1953, may provisionally be referred to as S. ¢t. acmaea var. or cline. The last remark applies likewise to the Palestinian specimens similar to S. ¢. acmaea of which Dr. O. Theodor has sent us two pairs and particulars of many other specimens. All the localities of these specimens are in or near the sand-dunes from a little north of Tel-Aviv southwards, as follows: Herzliah (about 15 km. north of Tel-Aviv), from Gerbillus gerbillus, one male, one female, Cholon (or Holon), 200 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) just south of Tel-Aviv, from Gerbillus pyramidum and G. gerbillus, two pairs received from Dr. Theodor with details of two other pairs, Nahr Rubin, two males, two females, Rishon Lezion, from Meriones crassus sacramenti. G. pyramidum and G. gerbillus, six males, three females, Ashkelon, from Gerbillus, one male, Beersheba, from G. pyramidum, three males, six females, Revivim, 30 km. south of Beersheba, from G. pyramidum (rarely on Meriones c. crassus), four males, eight females. In these twenty-one males and twenty-four females the averages of the totals of the spinelets on abdominal terga II to V vary from 21 down to 11; there is only one specimen (a male) with a spinelet on V. In the males 97-6% of sets of ante- pygidial bristles consist of three and 2-4% of four, and the percentage with three would be 100% if the Herzliah male were excluded, in the females 35-4% of sets have four bristles and 64:6% are of five ; in the male sex of these Palestinian speci- mens the percentages differ remarkably from those of typical S. ¢. acmaea. The number of spines in the genal comb varies in the males from 13 to 16 and in the females from 14 to 17; in the males 4-8% have 13 spines, 45:2% have 14, 40°5% have 15 and 9:5% have 16, the specimens with 13 and 14 spines in the combs of the two sides (Cholon and Rishon) are not matched in typical S. ¢. acmaea; in the females 12:5°% of combs are of 14 spines, 64:5% of 15, 188% of 16 and 4:2% of 17 spines, combs with 14 and 15 spines being more numerous than in S. ¢. acmaea and those with 16 spines correspondingly less numerous. A more striking point, however, is the occurrence in the material from Israel of three further specimens with 2 more spines on one side of the head than on the other, a condition found only twice before. That these five cases of an unusual degree of lopsidedness, occurring in one Egyptian male (Gharbiya Province, north-eastern area of the Nile delta, with 13/15 spines), three males from Israel (foot of Mt. Carmel, with 12/14 spines, Beer- sheba, with 16/14 spines, and Revivim, with 14/16) and one female from Israel (Nahr Rubin, with 17/15 spines) are all from one small corner of the Middle East and nowhere else can hardly be accidental. Chiefly for comparison with S. ¢t. acmaea we gave above the percentage of occurrence of various numbers of spines in the genal comb. Statistical facts of another kind arise from a comparison of the totals of genal spines on the two sides of each individual in the twenty-four females from Israel of the form resembling S. ¢. acmaea: the combination 14/14 = 28 spines occurs once, 14/15 or 15/14 = 29 spines twice each, 15/15 = 30 eleven times, 15/16 and 16/15 = 31 three times and once respectively, 16/16 = 32 twice, 17/16 = 33 once and 17/15 = 32 once. In other words, while uneven totals (29, 31 and 33) must represent heads with the number of spines in the genal combs of the two sides different, even totals may mean either that the counts on the two sides are the same (14/14 = 28, 15/15 = 30, 16/16 = 32) or that the combs are very strongly asym- metrical (17/15 in the female, 14/16 and 16/14 in males). Out of these twenty-four females, fifteen have an even number of spines in the genal combs of the two sides together, while in ten specimens the number of spines on the two sides is different. Though the proportion of symmetrical and asymmetrical heads varies in different populations of the tripectinata-complex, in every such population more than half the individuals have even totals of genal spines on the two sides together. The number and position of the genal spines are the result of two obvious main Pue TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1912) 201 lines of evolution which are interdependent. The reduction of the abdominal spinelets in a forward direction reaches its maximum in the absence of spinelets on terga VI, V and IV in one individual of S. ¢. acmaea and in three from Israel, which suggests the possibility that there may be some place in the Middle East where tergum IV _ is without spinelets in all individuals. This reduction of the spinelets probably increases the amount of material available for forming the spines of the genal comb and thus helps to increase the number of them along the antennal fossa, the acme of this upward development bringing the uppermost spine close to the eye; the black stripe from the eye upwards (the trabecula centralis of Wagner) is the place where the left and right sides of the head are united and its presence _ may prevent any further development upwards of the comb in Stenoponza, in which the highest combination yet known is 16/16 spines in the male and 16/17 (and 17/16) in the female, 17/17 being as yet unknown. As the Siphonaptera are holometabolous, the division, for forming the organs of the imago, of the material accumulated during the larval life takes place in the last larval stage and in the pupa under the control of the system of collaborating endocrines discovered by biochemists, the control continuing the orderliness which the taxonomic unit (in this case S. ¢. acmaea together with the acmaea-like specimens from Israel) has acquired in its evolution. In rather more than one-third of the specimens the left and right genal combs differ by one spine ; the endocrinal “‘ board of control ’’ is “‘ accustomed ’”’ (so to speak) to pass this difference as correct, but when provided with material for an even- - numbered division the error may occur that the line of division is one spine to the right or left, resulting in the strongly asymmetrical arrangement 14/16 or 16/14. It is possible that this combination may injuriously affect the viability of the speci- men, which will die in the pupa or soon after emerging and thus rarely come into the hands of the collector. Whether this suggestion is correct or not, it does not - account for the occurrence of the error only in one small area of the Middle East. ——EEEEEE—E——— 2 —_— Se ee pe Ce, When eight specimens from Morocco with the same number of spines in the genal comb of each side of each individual were considered under S. ¢. megaera on p. 186, the question was put whether a series with symmetrical heads is taxonomically the same as a series from another locality in which the heads are often asymmetrical ; if 13/13 must be considered the same as 14/14, specimens with the combinations _ 13/14 and 14/13 belong to the same subspecies provided there are no other differences. Another question which was touched upon under S. t. insperata, on p. 189, is whether the number of genal spines depends on the size of the specimen ; measurements show that, though the smallest specimens within a subspecies do not have the maximum counts nor the largest the smallest ones, yet the specimen with the greatest number of spines is not necessarily the largest while the one with the smallest number of spines is not always the smallest specimen ; in S. ¢. acmaea, for instance, the largest specimen was a female with 15/15 spines in the genal combs, while specimens with 16/17 and 17/16 were smaller. The spinelets of the abdominal terga vary much in size and number. Most of them are triangular and at least twice as long as broad. In one specimen tergum II bears dorsally on the left side 3 spinelets of which 2 are broken off but the third is intact, shaped like the spines of the abdominal comb but much shorter. In three 202 THE TAXONOMY OF STENOPONIA J. & R. (1911) specimens one of the terga has either on the left or right side a dark spine, shaped like a cigar and about half the length of the longest lateral spine of the abdominal comb, which is stuck by its broad end to the apical margin of the tergum. I look upon this as a remnant of spine-substance which was left over when all the spines and spinelets were formed and of which the metabolic factors disposed in this way. The conspicuous asymmetry of the genal combs is repeated by the antepygidial bristles, evidently independently of the asymmetry of the genal combs. In all our specimens in which the sets of antepygidial bristles are asymmetrical the difference between left and right is one bristle, but Dr. V. E. Tiflov has discovered in one male of S. zvanovi a count of 4 antepygidials on the left side and only 2 on the right, and in a female of S. suknevi a count of 5 and 7 on the two sides. SUMMARY In this paper the genus Stenoponia has been divided into two sections. Section A contains eleven species, which have been grouped into defined subsections and the main distinctions of each species have been mentioned ; two of these species are Nearctic and the remainder are from the eastern portion (Siberian and Manchurian subregions) of the Palaearctic. Section B contains a single species, S. tripectinata, which occurs in the Mediterranean subregion and breaks up into numerous subspecies of which eleven have been described as new in this paper. All populations of this species are very variable and even the left and right sides of the same specimen are never exactly alike. These populations show two obvious lines of evolution which are interdependent: (1) development of the genal comb upwards along the margin of the antennal fossa (accompanied by an increase in the number of its spines) until the uppermost spine is close to the vestigial eye, and (2) a decrease in the number of marginal spinelets on the abdominal terga which takes place progressively from tergum VI forwards until VI and V (also IV in a few specimens) are without spinelets. More than half the specimens of S. tripectinata have the same number of spines in the genal combs of the two sides, but many have one spine more in the comb of one side than in that of the other and a few specimens (all from one area comprising part of Israel and an almost adjacent portion of northern Egypt) have a difference of two spines in the genal combs of the two sides. The number of antepygidial bristles varies independently in a similar manner. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am greatly indebted for assistance in carrying out this investigation to those who have provided me with material and information ; these include Dr. J. Bruneau of the Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Dr. E. W. Jameson of the University of California, Mr. Harry Hoogstraal of United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Dr. C. A. Hubbard of Tigard, Oregon, Professor O. Theodor of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and his team of collaborators, Dr. V. E. Tiflov of the Parasitological Laboratory of the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute, and Lt.-Col. Robert Traub of the United States Army Medical Research Unit in Malaya, to all of whom I wish to express my grateful thanks. I am also deeply indebted to Mr. Arthur Smith for the beautiful drawings from which Text-figs. 1, 12-14, and 26-30 have been reproduced. “® 0 MAR 1958 de &%» THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) DESCRIBED BY W. M. MASKELL, R. NEWSTEAD, T. D. A. COCKERELL AND E. E. GREEN FROM THE ETHIOPIAN REGION D. J. WILLIAMS BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 8 LONDON: 1958 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) DESCRIBED BY W. M. MASKELL, R. NEWSTEAD, ete COCKEREEL AND: Ek GREEN FROM THE ETHIOPIAN REGION BY D. J. WILLIAMS t Ys Commonwealth Institute of Eatenonny) Pp. 203-236 ; Io Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 8 LONDON : 1958 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s issued im five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become veady. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 8 of the Entomological series. PRINTED BY GRDER OF THE TRUSTEES ‘OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued February, 1958 Price Ten Shillings THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) DESCRIBED BY W. M. MASKELL, R. NEWSTEAD, yD. Ay COCKERELL,(AND -E.. B.:-GREEN FROM THE ETHIOPIAN REGION By D. J. WILLIAMS Commonwealth Institute of Entomology INADEQUATE descriptions have caused some difficulty in naming many African mealy-bugs submitted for identification and in order to facilitate this work in the future it was thought desirable to redescribe or review all the known species found south of the Sahara. Mr. G. De Lotto of the Department of Agriculture, Kenya, and the present writer proposed to co-operate in this work of redescription, but due to difficulties of distance it was decided that it would be easier for one of us to deal with all of the species described from Africa by any given author, and to leave until later the description of new species. The first of these papers, dealing with the mealy-bugs described by H. C. James, has already been completed by Mr. De Lotto (Bull. B.M.(N.H.) Ent., 5, No. 5) and the present one will review all those mealy-bugs described by Maskell, Newstead, Cockerell and Green. This work has been largely influenced by the recent publications of Ferris (in Zimmerman, 1948) and Ferris (1950) dealing with the mealy-bugs of North America and many of the terms adopted by Ferris will be used here. Reference has also been made to Borkhsenius (1949), writing on the mealy-bugs of the U.S.S.R., and to a recent paper by Ezzatt & McConnell (1956) dealing with the tribe Planococcini. Many species found in Africa have been adequately described and illustrated in the foregoing papers and, therefore, it is not intended to redescribe them here. Some of the species to be dealt with cannot be properly assigned to any known genus and as the main purpose of the present paper is to redescribe species, the erecting of new genera, where necessary, will be left until later. However, where species can definitely be placed in a known genus, this has been done. Species have also been included here that have been received from Africa in recent years but that have not hitherto been recorded from the Ethiopian Region. Certain African mealy-bugs have not been collected since the original discovery and are therefore represented by type material only. Complete lists of the known hosts, and distribution records, will be given in a later paper. ENTOM, 6, 8. 9 206 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) The writer wishes to thank Dr. St. von Keler of the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, for lending type preparations of Ripersia glandulifera Newst., and Dr. D. Miller, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand, for lending preparations and material of Dactylopius vastator Mask., Chaetococcus bambusae Mask., and Pseudococcus graminis Mask. Mr. G. De Lotto has kindly sent material of Pseudococcus graminis Mask., from Kenya and given invaluable help in other ways. THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY W, M. \MASKELL Seven species described by Maskell are herein discussed from the Ethiopian Region of which six are regarded as valid species. The only species described originally from Africa is Nipaecoccus graminis, the others having been described from elsewhere and recorded from this region later. Illustrations are given of Chaetococcus bambusae and Nipaecoccus graminis, the remaining species having been illustrated already by other workers. Antonina graminis (Maskell) Sphaerococcus gyraminits Maskell, 1897, Ent. mon. Mag. 33 : 244. Antonina graminis (Maskell), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World : 121. Antonina indica Green, 1908, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. 2: 2. Antonina indica Green, James, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 272. Antonina graminis (Maskell), Zimmerman, 1948, Insects of Hawait, 5 : 156. Antonina indica Green, Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 9. Antonina graminis (Maskell), Ferris, 1953, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 6 : 294. There are few records of this grass-feeding species from the Ethiopian Region but material received in recent years suggests that it is much more widely spread than hitherto supposed. The African records have been under A. indica Green originally described from India and this has been synonymized with A. graminis Maskell by Ferris (in Zimmerman, 1948) where he gave a description and diagram. A further description and diagram were given by Ferris (1953) stating that the species lacked trilocular pores, contrary to his 1948 description. The later description was from material collected at Kingsville, Texas, but specimens have been examined by the writer from the same locality which show the dorsal trilocular pores clearly. Dr. H. Morrison of the U.S. Dept. Agric. Washington has kindly examined an adult of graminis from the Maskell collection. This specimen is apparently in poor condition but he believes that dorsal trilocular pores are present as they are likewise in the Texas material. Al the African species studied have the dorsal trilocular pores in variable numbers but in certain specimens they are difficult to recognize because of the heavy sclerotization. Chaetococcus bambusae (Maskell) (Text-fig. 1) Sphaerococcus bambusae Maskell, 1892, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 25 : 237. Chaetococcus bambusae (Maskell), 1898, Tvans. N.Z. Inst. 30 : 249. Sphaerococcus bambusae Maskell, de Charmoy, 1899, Proc. Soc. Amic. Sct. : 48. Antonina bambusae (Maskell), Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 8. THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 207 TEXT-FIG, 1. Chaetococcus bambusae (Maskell) 208 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) This species was originally described from Hawaii and has since been recorded from various parts of the world on bamboo. Specimens from the Ethiopian Region are at hand from Dakar, Senegal collected by J. Risbec and from Amani, Tanganyika and the species has been recorded from Mauritius. The following description and the diagram are based mainly on young adult females collected by E. M. Ehrhorn in Hawaii. Hasit. A large conspicuous species on the leaf sheath of bamboo and surrounded by a secretion of white wax. RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female turbinate each abdominal segment reduced in width posteriorly so that the abdomen tapers characteristically. In the old adults the body becomes so heavily sclerotized that it is impossible to recognize the microscopic characters. Mature specimens attaining a length of 6 mm., it becoming a large species. Antennae reduced to two or three segments, the distal segment bearing numerous setae. Legs entirely absent. Anal ring with six setae borne at the inner end of a shallow tube. Circulus absent. Dorsal ostioles lacking. Dorsal surface with at least the two posterior segments sclerotized even in the very young adults. Setae sparse, of various lengths but all short and slender, more numerous around the margins. Multilocular disc pores on the terminal abdominal segment only, situated about the area lateral and posterior to the anal tube, numbering about twenty pores altogether. Trilocular pores rather numerous and evenly distributed except on the posterior segment where they are sparse and accompany the multilocular pores. Around the anterior margins are tubular pores which are a little larger in diameter than the multilocular pores, the external part of each pore being in the shape of a shallow dome. These pores vary in number, there being only two present in some specimens whilst other specimens have up to fifteen where they are more numerous on the anterior margin and often reach posteriorly to the thorax. Dorsal tubular ducts absent. Simple circular pores scattered over the surface in no definite arrangement. Ventral surface of the body of the young adults with posterior segments heavily sclerotized. This sclerotization develops in a characteristic manner commencing in the mid-region and the marginal areas. Setae sparse, of various lengths but all slender, more numerous around the margins and on the terminal segment where they occupy the mid-region and submarginal areas. Some of these setae, especially on the posterior margin, are longer than the others. Multilocular disc pores confined to the two posterior segments. On the terminal segment they are numerous in the mid-region, the posterior margin and the submarginal area, whilst on the penultimate segment they occupy the submarginal areas only. Trilocular pores abundant and evenly distributed except on the terminal segment where they are associated with the multilocular pores. Trilocular pores distinctly smaller than the others on the venter are situated on the spiracular plates. Small tubular ducts are present in an oval group behind each second spiracle. These ducts are funnel-shaped and heavily sclerotized. Simple circular pores distributed over surface. Notes. Maskell described this species in Sphaerococcus and later erected the genus Chaetococcus for it. For some time the species has been associated with the genus Antonina. Morrison & Morrison (1922) redescribed the genus Chaetococcus and also THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 209 the species bambusae and considered that Chaetococcus was doubtfully distinct from Antonina. Borkhsenius (1949) has recently resurrected the genus Chaetococcus for four species stating that it differs from Antonina mainly in having a group of small cylindrical pores behind the second spiracle and that the anal ring lies either on the surface or at the inner end of a shallow tube instead of a long tube as in Antonina. It seems possible that the genus is distinct from Antonina but a study of more species is desirable. Nipaecoccus aurilanatus (Maskell) Dactylopius aurilanatus Maskell, 1899, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 22: 151. Pseudococcus aurilanatus Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World : 97. Pseudococcus aurilanatus Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 107, 108. Nipaecoccus aurilanatus Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 104. In the Ethiopian Region this species is known from South Africa only on various species of Avaucaria. Material has been examined from Braamfontein, Johannesburg collected by B. J. Boonzain 2.vi.23 and from Natal collected by C. Fuller. Ferris (1950) has placed this species in the genus Nipaecoccus Sulc and has illustrated it. Nipaecoccus graminis (Maskell) (comb. nov.) (Text-fig. 2) Dactylopius graminis Maskell, 1891, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 24 : 36. Dactylopius filamentosus small variety Cockerell, 1901, Ent. mon. Mag. 31 : 167. Pseudococcus natalensis Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 100 (SYN. NOV.). Pseudococcus graminis (Maskell), Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 118. Trionymus natalensis Brain, Laing, 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (X), 4: 470. Hapit. Described by Maskell as “ enclosed in a sac of white felted secretion, aggregated in masses thickly covering stems of grass; the sacs are of irregularly elliptical form ’’. RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female blue-green at maturity this colour changing to brown during the preparation of specimens. An elongate-oval species, as mounted on the slide measuring approximately 3mm. X 2mm. Antennae short, seven-segmented. Legs rather short and slender with a few translucent pores on hind coxae. Trochanters very distinctive, each with an apical projection and described by Brain as shoe-shaped. Dorsal ostioles poorly developed, the anterior pair not so discernible as posterior pair, the lips of both pairs with a few trilocular pores but apparently without setae. Anal ring with six setae which are slightly longer than the ring. Dorsal surface with a reduced number of cerarii, there being only about five pairs present on the abdomen. Anal lobe cerarii composed of two stout lanceolate setae and one or two trilocular pores surrounded by a small sclero- tized area. The setae comprising the other cerarii becoming more widely separated anteriorly, these of similar shape to those on anal lobes and without the cluster of trilocular pores. Dorsal setae not numerous. On the mid-region of the posterior abdominal segment they are stoutly lanceolate and of a similar shape and size to 210 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) TEXT-FIG, 2, Nipaecoccus graminis (Maskell), THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) Us those of the cerarii. Other setae slender and of various sizes but all small. Dorsal multilocular disc pores absent. Tubular ducts of two sizes, rather sparse, the most numerous being rather large and situated in more or less single transverse rows on the head, thorax and anterior abdominal segments. On the seventh and eighth segments a few are located on the margins whilst they are absent on the ninth segment. Smaller tubular ducts interspersed with the larger type but these are sparse on the head. They tend to replace the larger ducts on the seventh and eighth segments and are absent on the ninth segment. Trilocular pores very few and evenly distributed. Ventral surface of the body with a pair of anal lobe setae, longer and stouter than anal ring setae. Other setae few, slender but tending to be longer than those on dorsal surface. Multilocular disc pores on abdomen only arranged in single transverse rows on the anterior and posterior edges of the segments except the second to fourth segments where they mainly occupy the posterior edges. There is a group of about twenty disc pores posterior to the vulva and others are present in the submarginal zones. Large tubular ducts similar to the large type on the dorsum, few in number, there being one or two in the mid-region of the fourth segment, a group of two or three near the margin of seventh and eighth segments. They are most numerous just anterior and between the anal lobes. The small type is very sparse, a few being present on the head and thorax and others are present on the abdomen in single transverse rows and in a submarginal zone. Trilocular pores few and scattered. Simple circular pores apparently absent. Notes. This species seems to be a typical Nipaecoccus in possessing anal lobe cerarii with two conical setae and with three to four pairs of abdominal cerarii each with a pair of widely separated conical setae devoid of trilocular pores. The setae on the posterior dorsal segments are also similar to those of the cerarii. As pointed out by Brain in his description of natalensis the species is easily characterized by the peculiar trochanters, each of which has an apical projection. Through the kindness of Dr. D. Miller of the Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand, it has been possible to see type material of graminis. An examination of type material of Pseudococcus natalensis Brain shows that this is the same as graminis. According to Brain (1915) the species mentioned by Cockerell (1901) as Dactylopius filamentosus small variety is also to be referred to natalensis. Some excellent specimens have kindly been given by Mr. G. De Lotto from Nairobi, Kenya, and the diagram shown herewith is based on this material. The species has been described from Natal under gvaminis and natalensis and it has been recorded from Uganda under natalensis by Laing (1929). Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell) Dactylopius nipae Maskell, 1892, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 25 : 230. Pseudococcus nipae (Maskell), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World : 107. Pseudococcus nipae (Maskell), Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 102. Pseudococcus nipae (Maskell), Hall, 1937, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 128. Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell), Sulc, 1945, Acta. Soc. Sci. nat. Morav. 17 : 1-48. Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell), Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 109. 212 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) Brain (1915) has recorded this species from Cape Province, Natal and Transvaal on cultivated palms. Specimens have been examined from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, collected by W. J. Hall on Chamaerops excelsa. The species has been adequately described and illustrated by Ferris (1950). Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell) Dactylopius vastator Maskell, 1894, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 27 : 74. Dactylopius viridis Newstead, 1894, Ind. Mus. Notes, 3: 25 (SYN. NOV.). Dactylopius vastator Maskell, de Charmoy, 1899, Proc. Soc. Amic. Sci. : 45. Pseudococcus viridis (Newstead), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World : 112. Pseudococcus perniciosus Newstead & Willcocks, 1910, Bull. ent. Res. 1: 2. Pseudococcus filamentosus Cockerell, Brain, 1915, Tvans. voy. Soc. S. Afr.5 : 99 (misidentification). Pseudococcus hymenocleae Cockerell, Newstead, 1917, Bull. ent. Res. 8: 127 (misidentification). Pseudococcus perniciosus var. Newstead, 1920, Bull. ent. Res. 10 : 178, 179. Pseudococcus filamentosus var. corymbatus Green, 1922, The Coccidae of Ceylon, 5: 379 (SYN. NOV.). Pseudococcus perniciosus Newstead & Willcocks, James, 1933, Bull. ent. Res. 24: 435. Trionymus seviceus James, 1936, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 35 : 203 (SYN. NOV.). Pseudococcus filamentosus Cockerell, Hall, 1937, Tvans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86: 126 (misidenti- fication). Pseudococcus vastatoy (Maskell), Zimmerman, 1948, Insects of Hawaii, 5 : 245. Nipaecoccus vastatoy (Maskell), Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 103. Ferris (nv Zimmerman, 1948) has already drawn attention to the confusion existing in the literature of erroneous records of filamentosus throughout the world when, so far as is known, this species is confined to North America. The main cause of the confusion was the Fernald Catalogue and its listing in error of vastator as a synonym of filamentosus, the two species being quite distinct. Ferris has already pointed out that perniciosus is a synonym of vastator. It is the opinion here that all African material identified as filamentosus and perniciosus represents the same species re- described by Ferris (én Zimmerman, 1948) as vastator. An examination of the type material of vastator, described from Hawaii, has been made, this having been lent through the kindness of Dr. D. Miller, Cawthron Institute, New Zealand. Many specimens have been examined from material collected in Africa and the Indian Region. Illustrations of vastator have been given by Ferris (% Zimmerman, 1948) from Hawaiian material and also by Ferris (1954). The ventral tubular ducts have been described as of one size whereas, in fact, these ducts are of two sizes, one being slightly shorter and about half the diameter of the other. Material at hand collected by Ehrhorn in Hawaii shows this distinctly as does the type material. There is considerable variation in all the material seen, the most notable differences being the number of multilocular disc pores around the ventral margins. On one side there are up to 50 of these pores in the type material of vastator but in other material there are upwards of 200 pores with a corresponding increase in the number of tubular ducts. This wide variation, however, with all the intermediate forms, is present in specimens from both Africa and the Indian Region and there are no definite characters which warrant their separation into different species. Ferris was correct, therefore, in synonymizing perniciosus, described from Egypt, with THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 213 vastator. Type material of corymbatus Green from Ceylon and also type material of viridis Newstead described from India come within this range and both species are here sunk as synonyms of vastator. Mr. De Lotto has studied Tvionymus sertceus James and has recently illustrated this when redescribing the James species (in press). There is a relatively large number of the ventral multilocular disc pores in this species but as it comes within the range of variation it is necessary that sericeus be reduced to a synonym of vastator, a decision with which Mr. De Lotto is in accord. Mr. De Lotto also agrees with the other synonymy above and it is hoped that the foregoing will help to clarify the position until such times as biological evidence is forthcoming which may prove otherwise. There is a point of nomenclature which is of interest here. It has been impossible to ascertain the correct date of publication of the species described by Newstead as Dactylopius viridis in the Indian Museum Notes, 3, No. 5:25, 1894. There is a printers’ date on the final page of this part given as the 14th November, 1894, but the paper is listed in the Zoological Record under 1895. The Maskell species described as Dactylopius vastator was published in the Tvansactions of the New Zealand Institute, 1894, 27: 74 with a note at the beginning of the paper that it was read before the Wellington Philosophical Society on the 14th November, 1894. This paper was actually issued in May, 1895. Should the description of the Indian species be found to be published before the description of vastator then viridis must take priority but until then the writer would prefer to use vastator as this name has now become widely established. Pseudococcus calceolariae minor (Maskell) = Planococcus citri (Risso) Dactylopius calceolarviae var minor Maskell, 1896, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29 : 322. Pseudococcus calceolaviae var. minor (Maskell), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of The Coccidae of the World : 99. Described originally from Mauritius on “ roots of onion grass’’, this species is now known to be a synonym of Planococcus citri (Risso) and, therefore, it will not be discussed further in this work. THE So PE CLESe DESCRIBE DABY: 7. -D. A YCOCKE RELE Two of the six species discussed here are shown to have been misidentified in the past. These are the records of Pseudococcus hymenocleae and Pseudococcus filamentosus. The other four species are widely distributed and have been illustrated elsewhere. Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) Dactylopius brevipes Cockerell, 1893, Entomologist, 26 : 267. Pseudococcus brevipes (Cockerell), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of The Coccidae of the World : 98. Pseudococcus bromeliae (Bouché), Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 109. Pseudococcus crotonis Green, 1916, Bull. ent. Res. 6 : 375 (misidentification). Pseudococcus cannae Green, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 162 (SYN. NOV.). Pseudococcus brevipes (Cockerell), Mamet, 1941, Bull. ent. Res. 32 : 57. Pseudococcus cannae Green, Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 13. Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 59. ENToM. 6, 8. 9§ 214 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) This species is probably distributed throughout Africa on various hosts although it is more widely known as a pest of pineapple. It has been described and illustrated by Ferris (1950) but mention may be made here of some characteristic pores which were presumably missing in the specimens seen by Ferris. An examination of numerous specimens from all parts of the world has shown that on the dorsal surface just anterior to the anus there is a variable number of disc pores which are inter- mediate in size between the trilocular and multilocular disc pores. Some specimens, however, are lacking these disc pores but this condition seems to be the exception. Mamet (1949) has recorded Pseudococcus cannae Green from Mauritius but there is no reason to recognize this species as distinct from brevipes. Green (1934) des- cribed this species from Ceylon stating that it differs from brevipes mainly in possessing more slender legs and antennae. These are variable characters, however, and cannae comes well within the range of variation of brevipes throughout the world. Ferrisiana virgata (Cockerell) Dactylopius virgata Cockerell, 1893, Entomologist, 26 : 178. Dactylopius virgatus (Cockerell), de Charmoy, 1899, Proc. Soc. Amic. Sct. : 44. Pseudococcus virgaius (Cockerell), Fernald, 1903, A Catalogue of The Coccidae of the World : 111. Pseudococcus virgatus var. madagascariensis Newstead, 1908, Quart. J. Inst. Comm. Res. Trop., Lpool. 3:9. Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) virgatus var. madagascariensis Newstead, 1911, Mitt. zool. Mus.. Berl. (V) 2: 166. Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) virgatus var. madagascariensis Newstead, 1913, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. : 523. Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) virgatus var. madagascariensis Newstead, Lindinger, 1913, Jb. hamburg, wiss. Anst. 30 : 68. Pseudococcus virgatus (Cockerell), Brain, 1915, Tvans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 133. Pseudococcus virgata (Cockerell), Newstead, 1917, Bull. ent. Res. 8: 127. Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), James, 1933, Bull. ent. Res. 24 : 435. Ferrisiana virgata (Cockerell), Colizza, 1933, Boll. Soc. ent. ital. : 65-60. Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Hall, 1943, J. ent. Soc. S. Afr. 6: 5. Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 9. Ferrisiana virgata (Cockerell), Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 93. Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Mamet, 1951, Mém. Inst. sci. Madagascar, 5: 215. The above list represents all the African records to date. This is possibly one of the commonest mealy-bugs in Africa and will probably be found throughout the continent on many hosts. Mamet (1951) has recently synonymized the variety madagascariensis Newst. with virgata. Planococcus lilacinus (Cockerell) Pseudococcus lilacinus Cockerell, 1905, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci. 10 : 128. Tylococcus mauritiensis Mamet, 1939, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 5 : 89. Planococcus lilacinus (Cockerell), Ezzatt & McConnell, 1956, Univ. Maryland Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. A-84 : 89-93. It has already been noted by Le Pelley (1943) that confusion has existed in records of Pseudococcus lilacinus Cockerell in East Africa on coffee when the species involved THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 215 is now known as Planococcus kenyae (Le Pelley). So far as is known P. lilacinus has never been collected on the African continent but material is at hand from Mauritius and Madagascar, the former kindly made available by Dr. R. Mamet. The species has recently been discussed in detail and illustrated by Ezzatt & McConnell (1956). Pseudococcus filamentosus Cockerell A discussion of this species and its records in Africa will be found herein under Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell). The species has been shown by Ferris (1950) to be of North American distribution only and that the other records throughout the world are open to question. Pseudococcus hymenocleae Cockerell Pseudococcus hymenocleae Cockerell, Newstead, 1917, Bull. ent. Res. 8 : 127. Newstead recorded this species from South Africa in 1917 but an examination of his material shows that this was misidentified. The specimens are, in fact, Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell) discussed elsewhere in this work. Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) Dactylopius sacchari Cockerell, 1895, J. Trinidad Field Nat. Club, 2 : 195. Dactylopius sacchari Cockerell, de Charmoy, 1899, Proc. Soc. Amic. Sci. : 45. Pseudococcus sacchari (Cockerell) Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 127. Trionymus sacchari Cockerell, Hall, 1937, Tvans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 134. Trionymus sacchari Cockerell, Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 17. Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell), Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, B29: Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell), Mamet, 1953, Mem. Inst. sci. Madagascar, 3: 11. This species attacking sugar-cane is apparently not too widely spread in Africa. It has been recorded from South Africa by Brain (1915), from Southern Rhodesia by Hall (1937) and from Mauritius by de Charmoy (1899) and Mamet (1949). Mamet has recently recorded the species from Madagascar. Most of the records in the past have been under Trionymus but the species was placed in the genus Sacchari- coccus by Ferris (1950) where it is illustrated. THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY R. NEWSTEAD At the beginning of the century Newstead had the opportunity of studying and describing a large amount of African material. Of the eight mealy-bugs described by him only four are valid species but these are rather interesting and typically African. Three of these, Eurycoccus coccineus, Ripersia glandulifera and Tylococcus madagascariensis, have not been collected again since the original discoveries. 216 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) Text-FiG. 3. Eurycoccus coccineus (Newstead). THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 217, Eurycoccus coccineus (Newstead) (comb. nov.) (Text-fig. 3) Dactylopius coccineus Newstead, In Sjéstedt, 1908, Wiss. Ergeb. Schwed. Zool. Expdn. Kilimand- javo, Meru, 1905-1906, 12: 8, 9. Hasit. Described from Steppe, Kiraragua, Kilimanjaro on Acacias. Newstead stated that the external covering was missing. RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female broadly oval, as mounted on the slide I'5 mm. X I'2 mm. Antennae rather short, eight-segmented. Legs tending to be small, short and stout. Circulus large and divided by a transverse fold. Anterior and posterior ostioles well developed, moderately sclerotized, with three to four setae and about three trilocular pores on each lip. Anal ring with six setae, each slightly longer than the diameter of the ring. Cerarii present as a single pair on the anal lobes, each cerarius composed of two, long, slender setae, these only slightly stouter than the two or three auxiliary setae. Trilocular pores surrounding each anal lobe cerarius numbering three or four. Dorsal setae slender, of various lengths but mainly short and rather numerous. Trilocular pores evenly distributed, not numerous. Dorsal tubular ducts absent. Ventral surface with a small area of sclerotization on each anal lobe. Anal lobe setae longer and stouter than the anal ring setae. Other setae of various lengths but mostly short and slender and more numerous in a submarginal zone. Multilocular disc pores of usual type on the seventh, eighth and ninth segments only. There are about six pores on the seventh segment, ten pores on the eighth segment, these in single transverse rows. In the available specimens there is an average total of twenty pores. Trilocular pores sparse, more numerous towards the margins. Tubular ducts absent. A few simple circular pores present in no definite arrangement. Notes. Thisspecies has not been collected since the original discovery. It seems to belong to the genus Eurycoccus as recently defined by Ferris (1950). Most of the specimens seen show the circulus folded but in one specimen the circulus is large and divided by a transverse fold. The single pair of cerarii is typical of those in the known species. The nearest species is apparently Ewrycoccus jessica (Hollinger) described from Missouri, U.S.A. but coccineus differs mainly in possessing more multilocular disc pores and in lacking the ventral tubular ducts. Paraputo anomala (Newstead) (comb. nov.) (Text-fig. 4) Ripersia anomala Newstead, In Sjéstedt, 1908, Wiss. Ergeb. Schwed. Zool. Expdn. Kilimandjaro, Meru, 1905-1906, 12: 9, Io. Paraputo ritchiei Laing, 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4 : 473, 474 (SYN. NOV.). Paraputo multispinosa James, 1935, Stylops, 4 : 233. Paraputo ritchieit Laing, Strickland, 1947, Bull. ent. Res. 38 :512, 513. Paraputo ritchiet Laing, Ferris, 1955, Microentomology, 20, : 5. ‘Newstead originally describedjthis species from Kiboroto, Kilimanjaro, as living under the bark accompanied by small black ants (Phetdole megacephala). He stated HOMOPTERA) (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE THE MEALY-BUGS 218 ay Le 4 Paraputo anomala (Newstead), TJEXT-FIG, 4. THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 219 that the insect resembled a species of Dactylopius in life. Strickland (1947) states that in life the insect is ‘‘ covered with white wax, of a lumpy nature, the lumps thicker and larger at the lateral edges of the segments. With 12 pairs of lateral wax filaments’’. The species is illustrated and redescribed from type material of ritchiei the preparations of which proved more favourable. RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female broadly oval, as mounted on the slide the largest specimens attaining a size of 4-5 mm. xX 4:0 mm. thus being quite a large species. Antennae short, six-segmented. Legs short and stout, the posterior coxae with a few translucent pores. Circulus present, well developed. Anal ring situated nearly three times its length from the apex of the abdomen, with six setae all of which are about half the length of the ring. Spiracles noticeably large and heavily sclerotized. Dorsal ostioles well developed, the lips with numerous short slender setae and trilocular pores, the inner edges sclerotized. Anal lobes protruding. Dorsum with a reduced number of cerarii, these varying in number from II to 13 distinct pairs. There are always the frontal and pre-ocular cerarii present and cerarii are usually absent on the pro- and mesothorax. In all cases the anal lobe cerarii are each composed of about 15 short conical setae surrounded by numerous trilocular pores. The penultimate cerarii are usually the largest each containing up to 25 conical setae. Anteriorly the cerarii become smaller so that on the meta- thorax the conical setae may number only one or two in each cerarius surrounded by five or six trilocular pores. On the head the setae and trilocular pores comprising the cerarii are reduced in number posteriorly. Dorsal setae numerous, all short and slender, a few larger setae present on the posterior abdominal segments. Trilocular pores abundant, evenly distributed. Dorsal multilocular disc pores and tubular ducts absent. Ventral surface of the body with a small area of sclerotization on the inner angles of each anal lobe. Ventral setae not as numerous as on dorsum, longer on the pos- terior abdominal segments. Short slender setae distributed over thorax and head. Multilocular disc pores confined to the mid-region of the body. A group of about 25 situated posterior to the vulva and about 50 in a transverse row on each of the first two prevulvar segments. Ventral tubular ducts of two sizes confined to the posterior abdominal segments. A larger type present in characteristic single groups of 20-30 on the margins of the seventh, and eighth segments. One or two are also present in the mid-region of the seventh segment. The smaller type situated in transverse rows on the mid-region of the sixth and seventh segments, around the groups of the larger type and on the margins of the anal lobes. Trilocular pores not so abundant as on dorsum, rather numerous around the openings of the spiracles. A few simple circular pores present in no definite arrangement. Notes. Strickland (1947) has already drawn attention to the variable characters of vitchiei to which he synonymized multispinosa. The types of these two species have been seen and also the type of anomala Newstead and it is quite evident that both ritchie and multispinosa are synonyms of anomala the latter species here placed in the genus Paraputo which was erected for ritchier by Laing. Ferris (1955) has attempted to redefine the genus Paraputo and to redescribe ritchiei. Unfortunately both descriptions were based on immature specimens of ritchiei, 220 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) Pseudococcus obtusus Newstead = Rastrococcus iceryoides (Green) This species was described from German East Africa on Baobunde and was later described from other localities in East Africa. Green (1922) synonymized it with his zceryoides and a further discussion is given under this name as assigned to the recent genus Rastrococcus Ferris. Pseudococcus perniciosus Newstead & Willcocks = Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell) Originally described from Egypt this species has been recorded by James (1933) from Kenya on coffee. It was regarded as a synonym of Pseudococcus filamentosus Cockerell by Hall (1925) but recently Ferris (1948) established it to be a synonym of vastator Maskell discussed elsewhere in this work. Pseudococcus perniciosus var. Newstead = Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell) Pseudococcus perniciosus var. Newstead, 1920, Bull. ent. Res. 10 : 178, 179. This species was described by Newstead as possessing no typical abdominal cerarii except on the anal lobes and in this respect differed from typical perniciosus. An examination of the original material of this supposed variety shows that the cerarii are similar to typical perniciosus and also to vastator to which perniciosus is a synonym. Pseudococcus virgata var. madagascariensis (Newstead) = Ferrisiana virgata Cockerell As previously stated in this work this species has been synonymized with Ferrisiana virgata by Mamet (1951). An examination of the types of this species from Mada- gascar shows that there is no justification for accepting the variety and consequently all records to this species includng those by Newstead and Lindinger from Tanganyika and Newstead from Nigeria should be known under virgata. Ripersia glandulifera Newstead (Text-fig. 5). Ripersia glandulifera Newstead, 1912, Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena, 17: 17. Hasit. Originally described from South West Africa, Klein-Namaland, Kamaggas on Adiantum sp. and collected by L. Schultze 1904. Apparently this is the only record. Newstead stated that no details could be given of the external covering. RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female oval, a rather large species measuring approximately 3:4 mm. X 2:25 mm. on the slide. Antennae short, six-segmented. Legs short and slender but coxae noticeably large in proportion. Circulus present but on the two available specimens its shape cannot be determined with accuracy. THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 221 eee SZ P he - . SE Pk TEXT-FIG, 5. Ripersia glandulifera (Newstead). 222 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) Ostioles well developed with two to three setae and three to six trilocular pores on each lip. Anal ring situated about its length from the posterior end of the body, with six setae slightly longer than the diameter of the ring. Cerarii reduced in number, there being five pairs present on the abdomen. Anal lobe cerarii each composed of eight or nine setae of various sizes but all are short, stout and conical, surrounded by numerous trilocular pores. The setae and trilocular pores comprising the other cerarii are reduced in number anteriorly, each anteriormost cerarius com- posed of one or two setae and about six trilocular pores. Dorsal setae rather num- erous, short and slender, except for a few in the mid-region of the posterior abdominal segments which are stouter and larger. Trilocular pores numerous. Dorsal tubular ducts absent. Ventral surface with a small area of sclerotization on each anal lobe and a curved area posterior to the vulva. Anal lobe setae stout, longer than anal ring setae, each surrounded by three or four setae of moderate length. Other setae of various lengths, mainly short and slender and interspersed on the abdomen with longer and stouter setae. Multilocular disc pores confined to the mid-region of segments posterior to the circulus, arranged in transverse rows on posterior edges of the pre- vulvar segments and in a group of about twelve pores posterior to vulva. Tubular ducts of one size, sparse, a single duct present on the margins of the fifth, sixth and seventh segments and a marginal group of two or three on the eighth segment. Trilocular pores evenly distributed, not so numerous as on the dorsal surface. Notes. Through the kindness of Dr. St. von Keler of the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, it has been possible to see two adult females of this species. These are not in very good condition so that the illustration herewith must be regarded as tentative. When describing this species Newstead gave a diagram of the second stage female and gave characters of this and the larva. Specimens have been seen which show that these are referable to a species of Pseudococcus, they are quite distinct from glandulifera. This species seems to be a Paraputo but is here left in the genus Ripersia until such time as all the African species relating to Paraputo can be studied. Tylococcus madagascariensis Newstead (Text-fig. 6) Tylococcus madagascariensis Newstead, 1897, Ent. mon. Mag. 33 : 166. Hapir. Described originally from Madagascar in the nests of Crematogaster Schenki For. Newstead was not able to give any account of the external covering as the specimens had been preserved in alcohol. The species has apparently not been collected since the original discovery. RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female ovoid, measuring approximately 2 mm. long. Antennae eight-segmented. Legs rather short and stout. Ostioles moderately developed, each lip with one or two setae and three or four trilocular pores. Anal ring with six setae which are slightly longer than the diameter of the ring. Circulus small, Cerarii numbering sixteen pairs, each cerarius borne at the THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 223 is eae SS a oe PA. = — TEXT-FIG, 6. Tvlococcus madagascariensis Newstead, 224 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) apex of a stout, sclerotized, marginal and more or less conical tubercle. These tubercles are slightly ventral in position and the cerarii are inclined to the ventral surface. Anal lobe cerarii each with three large conical setae surrounded by a few trilocular pores. The marginal tubercles are smallest on the thorax and anterior abdominal segments and the cerarii borne on these tubercles are each composed of from four to six conical setae and a few trilocular pores. The conical setae compris- ing the cerarii on the anterior abdominal segments and the thorax tend to be shorter and stouter than the others. A few auxiliary setae are often present with the cerarii but these are stouter than the others on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. Between some of the tubercles there is often a cerarius composed of a few slender setae and trilocular pores but these are not constant. Dorsal setae short and slender, not numerous. Trilocular pores sparse. Dorsal multilocular disc pores and tubular ducts absent. Ventral surface of anal lobes with a pair of long anal lobe setae, these longer than the anal ring setae. Anterior to these setae there is an area of sclerotization on each lobe surrounded by about three setae. Maultilocular disc pores confined to the three posterior abdominal segments, there being about three on the seventh segment and about twenty on the eighth segment arranged in two transverse rows at the anterior edges of the segment. Six to nine pores are present posterior to the vulva. Ventral tubular ducts sparse, there being but two or three in the mid-region of the seventh segment and about eight in a transverse row on the eighth segment. Trilocular pores not numerous. Ventral setae few, of various sizes but all short and slender. Notes. This species was originally described in the genus Tylococcus by Newstead and since then other species have been assigned to it. It seems possible, however, that many of these are not congeneric. THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY E. E. GREEN Green described only Ripersia longisetosa from the Ethiopian Region but a number of his species orginally described from elsewhere have now been discovered here. It is interesting to note that many which he described from the Indian Region have been collected in recent years in East Africa; an indication that others may yet be found. Antonina indica Green = Antonina graminis (Maskell) This species has been described from India and has been synonymized’ with A. graminis Maskell by Ferris (im Zimmerman, 1948). African records, therefore, will be found listed herein under graminis. Centrococcus insolitus (Green) Phenacoccus nivalis (Maskell), de Charmoy, 1899, Proc. Soc. Amic. Sci. : 42 (misidentification). Phenacoccus insolitus Green, 1908, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. 2 : 25. Phenacoccus insolitus Green, Newstead, 1911, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. (V) 2 : 164. Tvlococcus insolitus (Green), Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 95. THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 225 Phenacoccus insolitus Green, 1922, The Coccidae of Cevion, 5 : 390. Phenacoccus insolitus Green, James, 1934, Stylops,3: 272. Phenacoccus insolitus Green, Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 11. Phenacoccus insolitus Green, Mamet, 1950, Mém. Inst. sci. Madagascar, 4 : 21. Centrococcus insolitus (Green), Ferris, 1954, Microentomology, 19 : 54. Originally described by Green from India on Sida cordifolia as having numerous erect hair-like glassy filaments. Recorded by Newstead on Tabernaemontana from Tanganyika and by James from Kenya on Sida rhombifolia. Brain recorded this species under Tylococcus from Cape Province, South Africa on Hibiscus. It has been recorded by Mamet on various hosts in Mauritius and he has recently recorded it from Madagascar. Ferris (1954) has discussed and illustrated this species and placed it in the genus Centrococcus Borkhsenius. Geococcus coffeae Green (Text-fig. 7). Geococcus coffeae Green, 1933, Stylops, 2 : 54. Geococcus coffeae Green, Strickland, 1947, Bull. ent. Res. 38 : 502. Hasit. Originally described from Dutch Guiana from “the coffee tree (C. liberica)’’. Recorded by Strickland (1947) from Gold Coast on the roots of Theobroma cacao, Canna indica, Coffea arabica and Desplatzia dewevret. The habit of this species was not described by Green in his original description but Strickland described the habit in Africa as follows: “‘ the insects form small cells, lined with white wax along the rootlets on which they are feeding’’. The following description of the species is based on the type material, the specimens recorded by Strickland and on the following: Gold Coast, from soil, collected by W. Bellfield; Ibadan, Nigeria, on the roots of Canna indica, collected by R. G. Donald and Zanzibar on the roots of clove, collected by M. J. Way. RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female elongate-oval, the length of the older specimens attaining 2-5 mm. Antennae geniculate, six-segmented, the distal segment bearing a pair of stout, blunt setae. Legs small and slender, the distal end of tibia being noticeably wide. Claws long and slender, each bearing a pair of short, setose digitules at the base. Circuli three in number, situated on the second, third and fourth segments. They are rather small and convex, each with a reticulated surface, the anterior circulus being the smallest and the middle circulus being the largest. Dorsal ostioles well developed with the inner edges of the lips heavily sclerotized. Anal lobes heavily sclerotized and fused at the bases, each bearing at the apex a stout spine-like process nearly as long as a lobe. Between the bases of the lobes there is another pair of curved, blunt spine-like processes on the dorsal surface which are smaller than those on the apices of the lobes. A straight pair of similar processes is also present on the head, these set close together and situ- ated just behind the antennae. The position of the spine-like processes between the anal lobes tends to push the anal ring to the ventral surface which always lies in this position on mounted specimens. Anal ring with six setae, the anterior pair being THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) R et Geet \e a. \ A Sd ' Yo\o,! \e os © 00101 og TEXT-FIG. 7. Geococcus coffeae Green. THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 227 the shortest and most slender whilst the lateral pair is rather stout and longer than the others. The derm of the body tends to become more heavily sclerotized in the older females especially on the posterior abdominal segments and the head region which often masks the pore characters. Dorsal surface with cerarii entirely lacking. Setae of various lengths, rather numerous. On the posterior marginal angle of the ninth segment there are about five long setae and one or two smaller setae surrounding a more or less quadrate sclerotized area. Other long setae are present singly on the margins of the segments and about five to seven lie in transverse rows across each segment. The remaining dorsal setae are short and slender. Multilocular disc pores present on the head, thorax and posteriorly to the sixth abdominal seg- ment, these lying in single transverse rows on the posterior edges of the segments. Trilocular pores interspersed with the setae, not numerous. Tritubular pores of two sizes, the most numerous having a single loculus about the same size as a trilo- cular pore, lying on all segments posterior to the seventh abdominal segment where they are situated in single transverse rows just anterior to the multilocular pores. On the sixth and seventh segments there are usually some marginal groups of five or six. Larger tritubular pores are present in numbers of two to four on the margins of the ninth abdominal segment and occasionally there is one on each margin of the eighth segment. In some specimens these pores are noticeably larger than the other dorsal tritubular pores whilst in other specimens they are of a similar size. Ventral surface with an ill-defined sclerotized area between the antennal bases beset with about eight marginal setae. Ventral setae of various lengths similar to those on the dorsum. A few long setae on the anal lobes and on the ninth segment. Other long setae in transverse rows of about four to six on the abdominal segments and in the mid-region between the coxae and antennae. More numerous smaller setae are present on all segments. Multilocular disc pores on the abdomen in transverse single rows on the posterior edges of the segments. A few on the an- _ terior edges of some of the anterior abdominal segments and on the first prevulvar segment. A group of about sixteen present on the ninth segment. Other multi- locular disc pores in the mid-region between and lateral to the coxae. Trilocular pores in similar numbers to those on the dorsum, sparse on the posterior segments. Tritubular pores of two sizes. One type similar to the smaller on the dorsal surface distributed as follows: there is a single pore usually present posterior to each spiracle and one or two on the head and thorax among the groups of setae. On the third, fourth and fifth segments there are usually a few anterior to the multi- locular disc pores and on the margins. Posteriorly there is only a pair or so to each of the remaining prevulvar segments. A smaller type of tritubular pore with round loculi is present in single transverse rows on the sixth and seventh segments and a pair is usually present on the ninth segment anterior to the anal lobes. These pores are about the same size as a multilocular disc pore. In some specimens they may be replaced on the sixth segment by the larger type. Tubular ducts entirely absent. NoTEs. Some doubt was entertained by Green as to whether he was describing immature or adult specimens. Of the three specimens available from the type material two are adults and one is immature. Specimens from the penultimate instar differ mainly in possessing but two circuli instead of three as in the adult. 228 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) The distribution of the tritubular ducts seems to be somewhat variable. On the sixth ventral abdominal segment of the Gold Coast specimens the tritubular pores are of the larger variety but in other specimens examined including the type they are of the smaller variety with round loculi. The identification of this species seems to have been confused in many cases with Geococcus vadicum described by Green (1902) from Pundaluoya, Ceylon, on grass roots. The latter differs from coffeae in lacking the pair of spines between the anal lobes and possessing differently shaped tritubular pores. These have been figured by Green (1902, fig. 3b), the loculi being mainly oval in shape and lying sideways to the radii. In coffeae the main tritubular pores have the loculi radiating lengthwise from the centre. Green (1922) recorded vadicum from Kandy, Ceylon, and labelled this material immature. In fact this material is identical with his adult coffeae described from Dutch Guiana although he noted in his description of the latter that it differed from the immature specimens of radicum (the Kandy material) in having the anal lobes more heavily sclerotized. This sclerotization varies with the specimens and is of little importance. There are, however, some first-stage larvae with the type material of radicum and there are at hand some first-stage larvae of the Gold Coast specimens here regarded as coffeae. The spine-like processes at the apices of the anal lobes differ greatly in size in the two species. In vadicum they measure 034 mm. X -004 mm. and in the Gold Coast specimens they measure 0:028 mm. X ‘ol mm. Furthermore in each species there is a pair of dorsal tritubular pores opposite the posterior coxae. In vadicum these pores resemble those of the adult and in the Gold Coast specimens they also resemble the main dorsal pores of the adult herein illustrated under coffeae. As already stated the pores of both species are different, the first stage larvae of both species being, therefore, quite distinct. The position now seems to be clear that the specimens collected by Green at Kandy, Ceylon are adults of coffeae and not immature specimens of vadicum. As many records of vadicum throughout the world seem to have been based on the so-called immature form it is evident that many of these should be referred to as coffeae. Phenacoccus hirsutus Green (Text-fig. 8) Phenacoccus hivsutus Green, 1908, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. 2 : 25. Hasit. Described originally from India on an unknown shrub attended by ants (Crematogaster rogenhoferi) this species is now known to occur throughout the Indian Region and South East Asia. It is apparently established throughout the Middle East where it is known, especially in Egypt, on numerous hosts as the Hibiscus Mealy-bug often doing considerable damage. Specimens are at hand from numerous localities and hosts in Sudan. The species has been recorded as reddish in colour and sparsely covered with white mealy wax. RECOGNITION CHARACTERS, Adult female ovoid, as mounted on the slide measur- ing approximately 3 mm. xX 1-5 mm. Antennae nine-segmented. Legs slender of THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 229 ay ee ee ease poe ti Vy) Vtg . Pe te a ae ey ee TEXT-FIG, 8, Phenacoccus hirsutus Green, 230 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) moderate length, denticle on claw absent. Circulus small. Ostioles with a chitinized bar on the inner edge of each lip, and with one or two setae and a few trilocular pores. Anal ring with six setae which are a little longer than ring. Cerarii on the posterior five abdominal segments only. Anal lobe cerarii each composed of a pair of short conical setae and one or two trilocular pores. Anterior cerarii with two setae and rarely with trilocular pores. Dorsal setae numerous of various sizes but all slender. Dorsal multilocular disc pores absent. Tubular ducts of two sizes. Numerous large ducts of the oral rim type are distributed across each segment and small ducts each without an oral rim are located among the larger ducts but these are few in number. Trilocular pores sparse. Ventral surface with a pair of long anal lobe setae which are about twice as long as anal ring setae. There is a narrow sclerotized bar extending from the base of each anal lobe seta. Ventral setae rather numerous of various sizes but all slender. Multilocular disc pores confined to the abdomen on the anterior and posterior edges of the segments posterior to the circulus. They tend to be more numerous at the anterior edges. Occasionally there are one or two pores on the first segment anterior to the circulus. Tubular ducts each with an oral rim and similar to those on dorsum, few in number and situated in a submarginal zone on the head and thorax. Small tubular ducts without the oral rim, numerous on posterior margins and lateral margins of the abdominal segments. They are sparse on the head and thorax. Trilocular pores few in number. Notes. Apart from the nine-segmented condition of the antennae this species has little to do with the genus Phenacoccus. The absence of the claw denticles, the presence of a sclerotized bar on each anal lobe and oral rim tubular ducts on the dorsal and ventral surfaces show close affinities to the genus Paracoccus Ezzatt & McConnell placed in the tribe Planococcini. Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Text-fig. 9) Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, 1923, Bull. ent. Res. 14 : go, 91. Hasit. Described originally from Funchal, Madeira on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Sida sp. and Acalypha sp. Specimens are at hand from Tafo, Gold Coast on Hibiscus mutabilis, Koforidua, Gold Coast on tomato and an ornamental shrub and from Ibadan, Nigeria on Lantana. Green states that the living insect is pale green, dusted with white mealy secretion, the ovisac being loose, white and of irregular form. RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female elongate-oval, as mounted on the slide measuring approximately 2-5 mm. x I-3mm. Antennae nine-segmented. Legs long and slender, with a denticle on the plantar surface of the claw. Circulus large, narrowing laterally. Ostioles moderately developed, the posterior pair rather more so than the anterior pair. Anal ring with six setae which are a little longer than the diameter of the ring. Eighteen pairs of marginal cerarii present. Anal lobe cerarii each composed of five to six conical setae of various sizes, surrounded by a cluster of trilocular pores, Penultimate cerarius with three conical setae, the anterior THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 231 ar 34 _ 3 5 P pre let ¥ aus re 42 ¢ or o f ae 2 | \ cal | Leg a ; uw); A \v i - ° ’ . Be 0 F009 8% 09 f° 0° 5 9 08 % 7 % SSS Pas “ ‘ Po Ree - ue. - ' ' : we i eer 2080H0,00° ogeae? OOOO Os | TEXT-FIG. 9. Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, 232 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) cerarii with two setae except the preocular cerarius with three setae and each ocular cerarius with four setae. Dorsal setae sparse, all slender and small. Dorsal cerarii present on thorax and head, these not numerous and each composed of one or two setae surrounded by four or five trilocular pores, the setae being slender and similar to the others on the dorsal surface. Dorsal multilocular disc pores on the posterior edges of the third to eighth abdominal segments only. On the third and fourth segments these pores are situated in single transverse rows and not present in the mid-region. On the posterior segments the disc pores are numerous in double transverse rows. Tubular ducts of one size, few in number and arranged trans- versely on the thoracic and abdominal segments. Trilocular pores sparse and evenly distributed. Ventral surface with a pair of long, stout, anal lobe setae, these nearly twice as long as anal ring setae. Other ventral setae sparse, of various lengths, the longest present on the abdomen and between the antennae. Multilocular disc pores situated on the abdomen only. There are groups of submarginal pores from the third to eighth segments and those in the middle of the segments are distributed as follows : on the fourth segment, four or five are located on either side of the circulus, on the fifth segment there is a double transverse row but only one or two pores are present on the sixth segment. A single row present on the seventh segment, these and the anterior pores, located on the posterior edges of the segments. A transverse group on the first prevulvar segment and also groups on the anterior edge of the segment. Other groups posterior to the vulva. Quinquelocular pores on all segments anterior to the vulva, situated in the mid-region, where they are more abundant on the thorax and between the antennae. On the abdomen they occupy the anterior region of each segment. Ventral tubular ducts of two sizes, the larger ducts of the same size as those on the dorsum and present in a submarginal zone, at the most only two or three to each segment. The smaller ducts are numerous and apart from a few in the mid-region of the thorax they are mainly confined to the posterior abdominal segments. On the sixth segment they replace the multilocular disc pores, and on the seventh segment they are more numerous than the multilocular disc pores and become more abundant laterally. They occupy submarginal positions on the eighth segment and are present on the anal lobes. Trilocular pores sparse, more numerous around the margins. Notes. This species comes close to Phenacoccus franseriae Ferris, described from Mexico, in having dorsal cerarii and a similar distribution of multilocular disc pores. In franseriae the dorsal cerarii are more numerous on the thorax and abdomen but in madeirensis these cerarii are more numerous on the head and thorax. The anal lobe cerarii of madeirensis are each composed of about five setae whilst in franseriae the setae are in pairs. Pseudococcus cannae Green = Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) Pseudococcus cannae Green, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 162. Pseudococcus cannae Green, Mamet, 1949, Mauritius Inst. Bull. 3: 13. As previously stated this species appears to come within the range of variation of Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) to which it is herein sunk as a synonym, THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 233 Pseudococcus citriculus Green Pseudococcus citriculus Green, 1922, The Coccidae of Ceylon, 5 : 377. Described by Green from Ceylon. Specimens are at hand from Zanzibar on Citrus and Cocos nucifera collected by M. J. Way. Material has been kindly made available by Dr. R. Mamet from Mauritius on various hosts. This species has been illustrated by Ferris (im Zimmerman, 1948) and Ferris (1954). Pseudococcus gahani Green Pseudococcus gahani Green, 1915, Ent. mon. Mag. 51 : 179. Pseudococcus gahani Green, Joubert, 1928, Bull. ent. Res. 19 : 209. Pseudococcus gahani Green, Ferris, 1950, Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5 : 180. This species has been recorded by Joubert from South Africa on pear. It is possible that it is the same as Pseudococcus fragilis Brain described from South Africa on orange in which case gahani will have to be sunk as a synonym. It is expected that Mr. De Lotto will be dealing with the Brain species and a redescription of Pseudococcus fragilis will be given later. A diagram of gahani has recently been given by Ferris (1950). Rastrococcus iceryoides (Green) Phenacoccus iceryoides Green, 1908, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. 2: 26. Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) obtusus Newstead, 1911, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. (V) 2 : 164. Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) obtusus Newstead, 1913, Bull. ent. Res. 4: 68. Phenacoccus obtusus (Newstead) Lindinger, 1913, Jb. hamburg. wiss. Anst. 30 : 67. Phenacoccus iceryoides, Green, 1922, The Coccidae of Ceylon, 5 : 391. Rastrococcus icervyoides (Green), Ferris, 1954, Microentomology, 19: 55. This species was originally described from India. In the Ethiopian Region it has been recorded only from Tanganyika and Zanzibar under the name P. obtusus Newstead. Green (1922) synonymized the latter with his iceryoides. Recently it has been redescribed and illustrated by Ferris (1954). Ripersia longisetosa Green (Text-fig. 10) Ripersia longisetosa Green, 1924, Bull. ent. Res. 15: 47, 48. Hasit. Described by Green from Table Mountain 1,000 ft., South Africa in nests of an ant (Plagioleps sp.). Green gave no description of the external covering. RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female broadly oval measuring approximately I'2 mm. X 0-9 mm. on the slide and thus a rather small species. Antennae six- segmented. Legs normal, claws long and slender each with an extremely minute denticle. Circulus absent. Anterior and posterior ostioles well developed. Anal ring normal, with six setae. Cerarii numbering seventeen pairs of a distinctive type. Each cerarius composed of long, pointed setae about as long as the anal ring setae. 234 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) TEXtT-FIG. 10. Ripersia longisetosa Green. THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 235 Anal lobe cerarii usually with two stout and two slender setae but all of similar length and surrounded by a cluster of trilocular pores. The anterior cerarii similar to anal lobe cerarii, each with one or two stout setae and one or two slender setae. Between some of the cerarii are often a few setae of a similar shape to those in the cerarii but these are shorter and not constant in position. Dorsal tubular ducts absent. Trilocular pores evenly distributed, not numerous. Dorsal setae sparse and of moderate length. Ventral surface without sclerotization on the anal lobes. Anal lobe setae about the same size as the long cerarian setae. Multilocular disc pores not numerous, present on the seventh and posterior segments only and numbering about thirty altogether, those on the two prevulvar segments in single transverse rows. Tubular ducts few, of one size and arranged singly on the margins of the segments except on the eighth segment and the anal lobes where there are groups of two to three ducts. Trilocular pores sparse. Setae of various sizes but all slender and not numerous. Notes. The distinctive features of this species are the unusually long setae of the cerarii combined with the six-segmented antennae and the few multilocular disc pores. The description is based on two type slides each containing four specimens. Except for one or two specimens the cerarian setae have been completely broken off at the bases. The species cannot be placed with certainty in any known genus. The denticle on each claw is hardly perceptible, as was noted by Green in his original description, and in some claws it is not discernible. REFERENCES BorKHSENIuS, N. S. 1949. Fauna of the U.S.S.R. Homoptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae. Biological Institute of the U.S.S.R., New Series, No. 38. CocKERELL, T. D. A. 1901. South African Coccidae. Entomologist, 34: 224. D’EMMEREZ DE CHARMOY, D. 1899. Notes sur les Cochenilles suivies d’une liste raisonnée des Cochenilles de l’Ile Maurice. Proc. Soc. Amic. Sct. : 1-48. Ezzatt, Y.M. & McConnELL, H.S. 1956. The Mealybug Tribe Planococcini (Pseudococcidae, Homoptera). Univ. Maryland Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull, A-84. Ferris, G. F. 1950. Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5. Stanford University, California. —— 1953. Ibid. 6. Stanford University, California. —— 1954. Report upon Scale Insects collected in China (Homoptera: Coccoidea) Part V. Microentomology, 19 : 51-66. 1955. On some genera of the Pseudococcidae. [bid. 20: 1-6. GREEN, E. E. 1902. Three new genera of Coccidae from Ceylon. Ent. mon. Mag. 38 : 262. 1922. The Coccidae of Ceylon, 5: 345-472. Dulau & Co., London. — 1934. Notes on a ‘“ Mealybug’”’ wrongly attributed to Pseudococcus bromeliae, Bouche. Stylops, 3 : 162. Hatt, W. J. 1925. Notes on Egyptian Coccidae with descriptions of new species. Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt, 64 : 1-23. 1937. Observations on the Coccidae of Southern Rhodesia. Tvans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., 86 : 134. Lainc, F. 1929. Descriptions of new, and some notes on old, species of Coccidae. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (X), 4: 465-501. Le Pettey, R. H. 1943. An Oriental mealybug (Pseudococcus lilacinus Ckll.) (Hemiptera) and its insect enemies. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 93 : 73-93. 236 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) Mamet, R. 1949. An annotated catalogue of the Coccoidea of Mauritius. wsvutieotn Inst. Bull, 3.: 1-81. —— 1951. Notes on the Coccoidea of Madagascar—II. Mém. Inst. set. A aaiesnini: 5: 213-254. Morrison, H. & Morrison, E. 1922. A redescription of the type species of the genera of Coccidae based on species originally described by Maskell. Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 60 : 55-58. STRICKLAND, A.H. 1947. Coccids attacking Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), in West Africa, with descriptions of five new species. Bull. ent. Res. 38 : 497-523. ZIMMERMAN, E. C. 1948. Insects of Hawaii, 5, Homoptera: Sternorhyncha. University of Hawaii, Honolulu. MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955. ORDERS ODONATA, NEUROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA D. E. KIMMINS BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 9 LONDON: 1958 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 195s. ORDERS ODONATA, NEUROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA BY D. E. KIMMINS Xu 1 \ Pp. 237-250 ; 6 Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 9 LONDON: 1958 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), istituted in 1949, 1s issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar ‘year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 9 of the Entomological series. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued February, 1958 Price Five Shillings MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1956s. ORDERS ODONATA, NEUROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA By D. E. KIMMINS Miss CHEESMAN’s collections (as far as these three orders are concerned) were made chiefly on the island of Aneityum. Two main localities were worked, one on the coast at Anelgauhat and the other at Red Crest, 1,200 ft., three miles north-east of Anelgauhat. She also carried out some further collecting in New Caledonia. The material was not extensive but included examples of three new species. Nine species of Odonata, seven of Neuroptera and four of Trichoptera were collected, of which six from New Hebrides and one from New Caledonia had not been previously recorded. I am taking the opportunity, at the conclusion of this paper, to give a list of the species of Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Neuroptera and Trichoptera recorded from New Caledonia, the Loyalty Islands and New Hebrides. Out of nearly eighty iden- tified species and subspecies, no less than thirty-three are endemic to one or more of these groups of islands. ODONATA Family CoENAGRIIDAE Agriocnemis exsudans (Selys) Aneityum, Anelgauhat, vi—vii.1955, numerous examples. DISTRIBUTION. New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Fiji and Samoa. Nesobasis bidens sp. n. (Text-figs. I-2) Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi.1955, I d. Labium yellowish, labrum yellowish brown, with a small brown spot at the centre of its basal margin. Clypeus with a brown T-mark on a yellowish ground. Head black, between the antennae fulvous. Antennae dark fulvous. Pronotum black, its lateral margins yellowish. Synthorax with a median, dorsal, black band, which is slightly metallic, reaching the humeral suture in its upper fourth, but elsewhere ENTOM. 6. 9. ge) 240 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 is separated from it by a narrow yellowish band. Synthorax laterally yellowish, marked with fuscous on the mesinfraepisternum, and with two short lines on the mesepisternum above, on the lateral sutures. Legs yellowish brown, apices of femora finely bordered with fuscous, the basal inner surface of anterior tibia also fuscous ; spines black. Wings hyaline, pterostigma greyish black; fifteen postnodals in anterior and thirteen in posterior wing. 2A Fics. 1-2. Nesobasis bidens sp. n. g. (1), fore wing; (2A), anal appendages, lateral ; (2B) anal appendages, dorsal. Abdominal segments I-II greenish black above, pale yellowish on sides. Segments III-VII greenish black above, each with a pair of small, yellowish spots at their bases, almost meeting dorsally. In side view the dorsal black extends downwards at apices of segments III-VI and to a greater extent on segment VII. Segment VIII bluish black, with the exception of a narrow pale line on lower lateral border. Segment IX bluish white above, in side view with its lower lateral third blackish. Segment X almost entirely bluish white. Superior anal appendages blackish brown, outer angles paler; short, from above broad and ovate, inner angle higher than outer ; upper surface slightly concave, its apical margin with two small, acute, shiny black teeth, one at the inner apical angle, the other just before the middle of the apical margin. In side view the inner tooth appears as an elevated knob. Inferior anal appendages about twice as long as superior, blackish, with pale yellowish bases. In lateral aspect broad at base, abruptly narrowed to an acute apex. From above, appendage is only slightly in- curved. Length of abdomen, 25 mm., of hind wing, 22:5 mm. MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 241 g$ holotype in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). The single male is perhaps a little teneral and the areas described above as yellowish are possibly greenish or bluish when mature. N. bidens may be distinguished from the other New Hebridean species (malekulana) by the bidentate apical margin of the superior anal appendage and by the almost straight inferior anal appendage. Family AESHNIDAE Aeshna brevistyla Rambur Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., i-ii. 1955, I @. DIstTRIBUTION. Australia, New Zealand, Loyalty Islands. Anaciaeshna jaspidea (Burmeister) Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., i-li. 1955, I 3. Aneityum, Anelgauhat, vii.1955, I dg, 3 9. Widely distributed from India to Tahiti. Family CORDULIIDAE Hemicordulia fidelis McLachlan Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., i-ii. 1955, 3 gd, 22 Aneityum, Anelgauhat, i, vi.1955, 3 3. DISTRIBUTION. New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, New Hebrides. (The specimens recorded by me in 1936 as Hemicordulia assimilis oceanica from New Hebrides were mis-identified and should be H. fidelis McLachlan). Family LIBELLULIDAE Agrionoptera insignis lifuana Kimmins Aneityum, Anelgauhat, 11.1955, I d. Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi.1955, I 3d. DISTRIBUTION. Loyalty Islands, New Hebrides. Orthetrum caledonicum (Brauer) Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., i-il, v—vii.1955, 2 d, 2 . DISTRIBUTION. New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Australia. Pantala flavescens (Fabricius) Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi.1955, 1 g, 1 9. Aneityum, Anelgauhat, vii.1955, 4 dg, I 9. DISTRIBUTION. Circumtropical. 242 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, Trapezostigma limbata (Desjardins) Aneityum, Anelgauhat, vli.1955, 2 3. Widely distributed. NEUROPTERA Family HEMEROBIIDAE Nesomicromus navigatorum (Brauer) Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., v-vi.1955, 2 g, 2 9. Widely distributed in Eastern Asia and Polynesia. Se = Fic. 3. Noius noumeanus sp. n. g Wings. Nesomicromus tasmaniae (Walker) Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi. 1955, 2 3. DISTRIBUTION. New Zealand, Tasmania, Australia, New Hebrides. Noius noumeanus sp. n. (Text-figs. 3-4) NEw CALEDONIA: Nouméa, xi.1955, I 3. 1955 General coloration of body fuscous, without conspicuous markings, antennae and legs a little paler. Membrane of wings pale smoky hyaline, venation pale fuscous. In fore wing, the veins are interrupted with dull luteous, some cross-veins in the MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 243 centre of the wing being shaded with fuscous. Costal margin of the fore wing slightly sinuous, apex of wing bluntly pointed. R, with eight branches, longitudinal veins unforked beyond the outer gradate series (apart from the marginal forks). M forking slightly basad of the basal branch from R,, not bent towards Cu. In hind wing, M is only slightly bent towards Cw. Fic. 4. Noius noumeanus sp. n. ¢ Genitalia. (A), lateral; (B), ninth sternite, ventral ; (c), gonarcus and parameres, lateral; (D), the same, dorsal. 6 GENITALIA. Ninth tergite short, its ventral margins extended caudad in rounded lateroprocessi beneath the ectoprocts. Ninth sternite broad, its apex tapering to an upcurved finger armed with a row of stout spines. Upper basal angles of ninth sternite forming rounded, hairy domes. Lateral lobes of gonarcus broad, narrowing to a quadrate apex in side view. Arcessus slender, sinuously curved, attached to gonarcus by a pair of wings. Parameres fused basally, apices slightly divergent and clavate in side view. Ectoprocts broad, rounded apically, without processes. Length of fore wing, 8 mm. 36 holotype (abdomen mounted as a microscope preparation) in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). This species has been placed in the genus Noius Navas on the similarity 244 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 of the venation of the basal part of the fore wing to Navas’ figure. The wide area between M and Cu, is very noticeable and at once separates this species from Nesomicromus, which it much resembles in general appearance. It is of course possible that noumeanus may be synonymous with the type-species oceanicus Navas from Fiji, but as the type specimen of the latter was presumably destroyed by fire in the Hamburg Museum during the second world war, the identity of oceanicus must remain uncertain until more material from Fiji is available. The 3 genitalia of noumeanus are also different in type from those of Nesomicromus, the ectoprocts lacking any hooked processes and the spiny ridge on the apex of the ninth sternite is also unusual. In the venation, the absence of any but the extreme marginal furcations beyond the gradate series is a good character. Family CHRYSOPIDAE Chrysopa otalatis Banks Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi.1955, 2g, 2 Q. Aneityum, Anelgauhat, vii.1955, 7 ¢, 4 9. Widespread in the Pacific islands. Chrysopa basalis Walker NEw CALEDONIA: Nouméa, xi.1955, 6d, 7 9. Widespread in the Pacific. Chrysopa maculithorax Kimmins Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., v—vii.1955, 7 9. NEw CALEDONIA: Nouméa, xi.1955, 2 3, 3 . DISTRIBUTION. New Hebrides, New Caledonia. Chrysopa armstrongi Esben-Petersen Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi. 1955, I &. DISTRIBUTION. Samoa, New Hebrides. TRICHOPTERA Family RHYACOPHILIDAE Apsilochorema cheesmanae sp. n. Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi.1955, 4 4, 8 9. $. Head fuscous, with golden hairs, palpi pale fuscous. Antenna with fuscous basal segment, then with a few golden yellow segments, shading off to fuscous. Thorax fuscous, with golden hairs. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wing with fuscous pubescence, mottled with patches of golden hairs, the upstanding hairs on the veins piceous. Membrane piceous with whitish areas at base and apex of stigma, at fork MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 245 of Rs, along the outer margin of the wing-fold and above the arculus. Anal veins with yellowish patches. Hind wing smoky hyaline, with sparse fuscous pubescence. Venation of fore wing resembling that of A. vosst Kimmins, a weak cross-vein in costal area, fork M, about as long as its footstalk. In hind wing, forks R,, M, and Cu,, are present. dks ore we LO Fic. 5. Apsilochorema cheesmanae sp. n. Wings. (A), 3; (B), Q. 6 GENITALIA. Lateral filaments to the fifth sternite, seventh sternite with a short, stout, pointed ventral process. Ninth segment narrowed dorsally to a slender transverse band at base of tenth segment. The median lobe of the latter is produced in a laterally compressed hood, deep at the base, its upper margin concave, apex with a pair of small setiferous lobes. Lateral lobes of the tenth segment as long as the median, forming stout, gently arched spines, each with an acute apex armed 246 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 with a few stout setae. Cercus slender, less than half as long as median lobe. Aedeagus short, cylindrical. Clasper from the side moderately stout, slightly up- curved, apex rounded, upper margin humped about mid-way. In ventral view, the clasper tapers to a slender, rounded apex. From about mid-way, on its inner surface, arises a slender, mesally directed finger, its apex hooked. Fic. 6. Apsilochorema cheesmanae sp. n. Genitalia. (a), g, lateral; (B), 3, dorsal ; (c), g right clapser, ventral; (Dp), 2, lateral; (E), 9, ventral. 9. Fore wing with forks R,, R,, M,, M, and Cu,, present. An additional cross- vein present in the costal area. Fork M; shorter than in the male. In the hind wing, forks R,, M, and Cu,, present as in male. Q GENITALIA. Sixth sternite with a short ventral process, its apex rounded in ventral view. Eighth segment forming a complete ring, apical ventral margin pro- MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 247 duced in a small transverse lobe at its centre. Ninth segment short, lateral gona- pophyses forming short, rounded, hairy lobes. Tenth segment fused to ninth and a little longer than the latter, bearing two short slender cerci, arising from globular bases. Length of fore wing, ¢, 5:5 mm., 9, 6 mm. d holotype, ¢ allotype (in form of microscope preparations) and paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). This species is related to A. vossi Kimmins from Guadalcanal. The claspers are more upcurved in side view, their lower margins convex, and the tenth segment is relatively longer. Family PsyCHOMYIDAE Ecnomus sp. Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., 27.ili, v.1955, 2 9. It is possible that these females may belong to the species atratus Mosely, described from Erromanga, but in view of the difficulty of associating female specimens of Ecnomus, it seems wiser not to attempt it. Family LEPTOCERIDAE Triplectides latipennis Mosely Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., v-vi.1955, 3d, 42. Previously recorded from Erromanga. Family SERICOSTOMATIDAE Goéra vunida Mosely Aneityum, Red Crest, 1,200 ft., vi. 1955, 5 3, 12 2. These specimens have the wings somewhat darker than in the type (from Fiji), which is possibly faded, but there are no significant differences in the male genitalia. List of Species and Subspecies of Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Neuroptera and Trichoptera Recorded from New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands and New Hebrides New Loyalty New ODONATA Caledonia Islands Hebrides Other distribution LESTIDAE Ausirolestes cheesmanae Kimmins x : — 3 ¢ ; a MEGAPODAGRIIDAE Argiolestes ochraceus Montrouzier x . A, savasini Ris x A. uniseries Ris : : 3 x re aes Trineuragrion percostale Ris x 248 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 New Loyalty New ODONATA Caledonia Islands Hebrides Other distribution PROTONEURIDAE Isosticta vobustior Ris ; ; x : x sy Wee — I. spinipes Selys ; : ; x F x Oe en TUT — I. tillyardi Campion . : ; x a TR a — COENAGRIIDAE Ischnura aurora (Brauer) I. heterosticta (Burmeister) x Ceylon to Tahiti. x ‘ I. torresiana Tillyard ‘ : x oF? ae x Fiji, Australia. Queensland, New Guinea. Agriocnemis exsudans Selys —- . x . Fiji, Samoa. Nesobasis malekulana Kimmins . se x ‘ —_ N. bidens Kimmins . ; = 2. x — Pseudagrion microcephalum ~~ 2. x India to Australia. (Rambur) Xanthagrion erythroneura Selys . x - —- . — . Australia, Xiphiagrion cyanomelas Selys . — . x . — .. Indonesia, Papua. AESHNIDAE Anax guttatus (Burmeister) RT x E. Asia to Australia. A, gibbosulus (Rambur) ; x = — Australia. Anaciaeschna jaspidea : a: —_— fo b 4 India to Tahiti. (Burmeister) Aeshna brevistyla Rambur . x x r me ‘ Australia, New Zealand. Acanthagyna dobsoni Fraser x ery Xx . Queensland. (= vosenbergi Selys partim) CoRDULIIDAE Synthemis flexicauda Campion x — — — S. fenella Campion x — — — S. miranda Selys x = es rae S. montagueit Campion x — — = Metaphya elongata Campion : x == i Hemicordulia fidelis McLachlan . x x x = H. australiae (Rambur) — x Australia. H. oceanica Selys x — — Pacific. LIBELLULIDAE Agrionoptera insignis allogenes . X . xX —~ Australia. Tillyard A. i. lifuana Kimmins ‘ . o—™ . x x —_ Orthetrum sabina (Drury) . 2. = x Asia to N. Australia. O. caledonicum (Brauer) . : x x x Australia. Diplacodes trivialis (Rambur) . — — x Seychelles, India—Japan —Queensland—Fiji. D. bipunctata (Brauer) ; ; x ; x : x . Oceania, N. Zealand, Australia. D. haematodes (Brauer) 5 : x go ae ay x . N. Guinea, Australia. Neurothemis stigmatizansbrahmina — . — . *X . N. Guinea, Solomons, etc. (Guérin) Pantala flavescens (Fabricius) . x a ae x . Circumtropical. MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 249 New New ODONATA Caledonia Islands Hebrides Rhyothemis graphiptera (Rambur) x — R. phyllis aequalis Kimmins — x R. ph. apicalis Kirby x x R. vegia armstrongi Fraser . —- se Trapezostigma léwit (Brauer) ? — T. limbata (Desjardins) x x EPHEMEROPTERA LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE ?Atalophlebia sp. x = BA#TIDAE Cloéon erromangense Kimmins _— x NEUROPTERA ASCALAPHIDAE Suhpalacsa caledon McLachlan x — MyYRMELEONIDAE Eidoleon bistrigatus (McLachlan) . x x Formicaleon Plentus (Walker) — x Myrmeleon celebensis McLachlan. — Xx M. neocaledonicus Navas x = M. pictifrons Gerstaecker . _— x HEMEROBIIDAE Nesomicromus navigatorum (Brauer) x x N. tasmaniae (Walker) — ~ Noius noumeanus Kimmins x oe Annandalia obliqua (Banks) ._ x Notiobiella multifurcata Tillyard . x = CHRYSOPIDAE Synthochrysa cognata Kimmins — x S. montrouziert (Girard) -_— — Italochrysa chloromelas (Girard) . x x Austrochrysa samoana = x Esben-Petersen Chrysopa innotata Walker . — x C. remota Walker _— x C. oceanica Walker — x C. otalatis Banks x x C. basalis Walker P x x C. maculithorax Kimmins . x x Other distribution Australia. Samoa. Australia. Oceania, Australia, India, Africa. Australia, Oceania. Malaya, Sumatra, Celebes, N. Guinea, Solomons. — Australia. Oceania, Australia. N. Zealand, Tasmania, Australia. Queensland. Queensland. Queensland, Solomons. Samoa. Australia, Samoa, Tonga. Samoa, Ryu-kyu Is. Hawaii, Samoa, Society Is. Australia, Samoa, Marquesas. Widespread in Pacific. 250 MISS L. E. CHEESMAN’S EXPEDITION TO NEW HEBRIDES, 1955 New Loyalty New ODONATA Caledonia Islands Hebrides Other distribution C. matsumurae Okamoto . , Ke ORR ie . Japan. C. armstrongi Esben-Petersen — x Samoa. C. noumeana Navas . : ‘ x ‘ x oe ees Sencera scioneurva Navas . oo Sn S/R x . Indonesia, Philippines. Ankylopteryx pallida Banks A I x Australia. TRICHOPTERA RHYACOPHILIDAE Apsilochorema cheesmanae . a x : — Kimmi Xanthochorema caledon Kimmins. x , ta Geer ly _- PHILOPOTAMIDAE Hydrobiosella uncinata Kimmins . x 5. msg, we _ HyDROPSYCHIDAE Hydromanicus sp.2 . Hydropsyche sp. 2 Cheumatopsyche sp. 2 Caledopsyche cheesmanae Kimmins KEM | | | PsYCHOMYIDAE Ecnomus atratus Mosely. = gw x : oe Ecnomus sp.@ . : ; ieee ge. Xx ; — LEPTOCERIDAE Triplectides latipennis Mosely . — .~. — . 1 Ke ~- SERICOSTOMATIDAE Mecynostomella fusca Kimmins . x a — Goéva vunida Mosely . . ._—- ©. — . x . , weagi. ADDENDUM Owing to a misplaced card in my index to Trichoptera, Mosely’s species Cheu- matopsyche lesnei was unfortunately overlooked and in consequence I have re-described this species as Cheumatopsyche uncata in Bull. Brit. Mus. N. H., Ent. 6 (1) : 11 Mosely described only the male, although he had both sexes, but in my paper both sexes are described. Cheumatopsyche lesnei (Mosely) has a spur formula 2.4.4 and has M and Cu, in the hind wing widely separated and should therefore not be placed in the genus Synaptopsyche, as suggested by Ulmer. D. E. Kimmins, 6.xii.1957. Arie IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN (TRICHOPTERA, Family STENOPSYCHIDAE) D. E. KIMMINS BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 10 LONDON : 1958 THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN (TRICHOPTERA, Family STENOPSYCHIDAE) BY D. E. KIMMINS ; Pp. 251-260 ; 8 Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 10 LONDON: 1958 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is issued tn five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 10 of the Entomological sertes. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued March, 1958 Price Three Shillings and Sixpence THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN (TRICHOPTERA, Family STENOPSYCHIDAE) By D. E. KIMMINS THIS paper deals mainly with the identity of Stenopsyche grisecpennis McLachlan, the type species of Stenopsyche, but records of the Stenopsychidae collected by Dr. R. Malaise during the Swedish Expedition 1934 to Burma and British India are also included. ~ It is with considerable reluctance that I re-open the much-discussed question of the identity of Stenopsyche grisetpennis McLachlan, the type-species of the genus. My reason for so doing is that I am now in a position to study McLachlan’s type specimen. His 1866 descriptions and figures were, for their time, adequate and he doubtless never imagined that the genus would eventually prove to include a large number of species. S. grisetpennis was based on a single male, “‘ Habitat in India orientali’’, in his collection and later he added other specimens of Stenopsyche from Darjeeling, Assam and China. In 1907 Ulmer figured as grisetpennis the genitalia of a male from Baltistan and added Japan to its range, and subsequent authors gave as localities India, Sikkim, W. China, Siberia and Formosa. In July 1926, Ulmer returned to the problem and gave new figures and descriptions of the male genitalia, based on Chinese examples. In September of the same year Martynov produced a revision of the genus and gave figures and descriptions of his interpretation of griserpennis, based on examples from Korea, S. Ussuri, Manchuria and Altai. The Japanese form he described as S. japonica (subsequently synonymized with S. marmoratus Navas) and Ulmer’s Baltistan male he placed in S. himalayana. Judging from a male from S. Ussuri, sent to Mosely by Martynov as S. grisetpennis, his and Ulmer’s 1926 interpretations represent allied but probably distinct species. Neither of these authors had seen McLachlan’s type, which was then still in private hands and inaccessible. In 1938, the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) acquired by purchase the McLachlan Collection and the Trichoptera were incorporated into the museum collections by Mr. M. E. Mosely. Upon his death in 1948, the Trichoptera were placed in my charge and one of the first tasks I undertook was the preparation of a card index of Trich- optera types. I found that our series of S. grisetpennis contained no example labelled “Type ’’ and as a temporary measure the index card was marked “‘ Type not yet located ’’’. Recently I made a thorough search in our collection, not only over the label griseipennis but also amongst other species of Stenopsyche and was finally rewarded by discovering, amongst S. guadrilobata Martynov, a male labelled “‘ India ”’ ENTOM. 6. Io. Il 254 THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN and ‘‘ Stenopsyche griseipennis’’ in McLachlan’s handwriting, and with a British Museum register number indicating that it was part of McLachlan’s collection. This specimen agreed satisfactorily with the original descriptions, measurements and figures, the only discrepancy being the locality label “‘ India ’’, not “‘ India orientali ’’. I think that McLachlan knew that it had come from eastern India but had not labelled it more fully, lest it be mistaken for East Indies. There was no minute reddish “‘ Type ’’ label of the kind generally employed by McLachlan, but as these were usually the lowest label on the pin, it may possibly have become detached and lost. (I have found other undoubted McLachlan types without such a label.) I am Fic. 1. Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan, g. Wings of type. quite satisfied that this specimen is the one which McLachlan had before him when describing S. griseipennis, and I have therefore labelled it as the type, recording this belief on my own determination label. I consider that Mosely was quite justified in associating this specimen with S. guadrilobata Martynov, which species therefore becomes a synonym of S,. grisetpennis McLachlan. Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan (Text-figs. I-3) Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan, 1866, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 5: 265-266, pl. 17, fig. 5; pl. 19, figs. 5a—e. Stenopsyche quadrilobata Martynov, 1935, Rec. Ind. Mus. 37: 131-132, fig. 36. (Syn. nov.). In view of the confusion which has arisen over the identity of this species, previous THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN 255 records of the distribution of S. griseipennis must be considered doubtful. I have seen examples from INpIA, United Provinces (Masuri), Punjab (Simla) ; SrkKIm (Phedong) ; N. Burma (Mishmi Hills). $ GENITALIA (from type). Ninth segment reduced dorsally to a narrow, transverse band, side-pieces produced in slender, triangular lobes. Tenth segment more or less fused to ninth, extending about as far as apices of side-pieces, rather narrow, from Cc Fic. 2. Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan, ¢ genitalia of type. (a), lateral; (8), dorsal; (c), right clasper, ventral. above tapering to a four-lobed apex. The lateral margins about half-way are irre- gularly serrate, the serrations not amounting to processes. From the side, the upper surface is smooth. Cercus long, slender, digitate. Aedeagus with an expanded base and cylindrical stem, within which is an evertible membrane armed with numerous acute teeth or spines. Clasper bifid, its upper branch arising at the extreme base, forming a slender spine, curving upward and tailward, its apex bent outwards and acute. Lower branch flattened, a little shorter than the upper, its apex rounded in ventral view. The association of the female grisecpennis must be regarded as provisional, since 256 THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN I have not had both sexes from the same locality even. The association is based upon a slightly broader and more truncate apex of the fore wing than in S. pallidt- pennis Martynov, the male of which is closely allied to griseipennis. The female thus provisionally assigned to griseipennis differs considerably from pallidipennis in the shape of the internal part of the subgenital plate. 2 GENITALIA (example from Phedong, Sikkim). Eighth sternite from the side obliquely truncate apically, about one and a half times as long as deep, its lower apical angle rounded. From beneath the apical margin is divided into two rounded lobes, beyond which extends the subgenital plate, covering the membranous ninth Fic. 3. Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan, 2 genitalia. (A), eighth to tenth segments, lateral ; (B), the same, ventral; (c), subgenital plate, lateral (more enlarged) ; (D), the same, ventral. sternite. The sides of the subgenital plate are more sclerotized than the centre and terminate in tufts of setae. Internal structure as indicated in Text-fig 3p. Ninth tergite saddle-shaped, with two groups of setae on each side. Tenth tergite and sternite each divided into two elongate sclerites. Cerci two-segmented, basal segment quadrate, terminal minute. Stenopsyche pallidipennis Martynov (Text-figs. 4-6) Stenopsyche pallidipennis Martynov, 1926, Eos, 2: 297, figs. 22-24. N.E.Burma: Waingmew, 15.iii.1934, R. Malaise, 2 3, 5 9. THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN 257 DISTRIBUTION. INDIA: United Provinces (Naini Tal) ; Sikkim (Kalimpong) ; Assam (Khasi Hills) ; N. Burma (Mishmi Hills). Ves Fic. 4. Stenopsyche pallidipennis Martynov, ¢ fore wing. Fic. 5. Stenopsyche pallidipennis Martynov, ¢ genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), dorsal; (c), right clasper, ventral. The male genitalia are very closely allied to those of S. grisetpennis, the chief differences being the broader dorsal part of the ninth segment, produced in a hump near the base in side view, the less tapered tenth segment, whose apex is often obscurely four-lobed or even bilobed and the more truncate apices of the lower 258 THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN branches of the claspers. The pattern of the fore wing is much the same but the apex is rather more acute. In the female, assuming that sex to be correctly asso- ciated in griserpennis, the internal part of the subgenital plate is longer and narrower in side view, and the ventral view is quite different. Fic. 6. Stenopsyche pallidipennis Martynov, @ genitalia. (a), eighth to tenth segments, lateral ; (B), the same, ventral; (c), subgenital plate, lateral (more enlarged) ; (D), the same, ventral. Stenopsyche khasia sp. n. (Text-figs. 7-8) AssAM: Khasi Hills, ex McLachlan collection, 12 g, 5 9. N. E. Burma: Kambaiti, 6,800 ft., 10.iv.1934, R. Malaise, 4 J, 7 9. General appearance much as in S. grisetpennis or S. pallidipenmis. Venation not significantly different from griserpennis. 6 GENITALIA. Ninth tergite reduced dorsally to a narrow, transverse band. Side- pieces large, acute. Tenth segment forming a pair of tapering plates with acute apices, separated almost to their bases by a narrow excision. There is a small process on the upper surface of each near the base. Cercus long and slender. Aedeagus enclosing a pair of slender curved spines, two rows of broad, scale-like spines and two rows of small, slender spines. Clasper with the upper branch slender in side view, rather broader for most of its length in dorsal view, abruptly narrowed and THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN 259 Fic. 7. Stenopsyche khasia sp. n. ¢ genitalia. (a), lateral (apex of aedeagus more enlarged) ; (B), the same, dorsal; (c), right clasper, ventral. Fic. 8. Stenopsyche khasia sp. n. 2 genitalia. (a), eighth to tenth segments, lateral; (B), sub- genital plate, ventral. ENTOM. 6. 10. 12 260 THE IDENTITY OF STENOPSYCHE GRISEIPENNIS McLACHLAN hooked outwards at its apex. Lower branch slender, spatulate, apex obliquely truncate or slightly excised in ventral view. Q GENITALIA. Eighth sternite with its apical margin sinuously oblique in side view, lower apical angle slightly produced and rounded. Subgenital plate elongate, shaped as in Text-fig. 8. Ninth tergite with a band of setae. Length of fore wing, 3, 16-17 mm., 9, 15-17 mm. 3 holotype, 9 allotype (with abdomen in glycerine), both from the Khasi Hills, in British Museum (Nat. Hist.), paratypes in the Stockholm and British Museum (Nat. Hist.). The differences between this species and griseipennis are given in the above comparative description. Stenopsyche benaventi Navas N. E. Burma: Washaung, 20 km. east of Myitkyina, 14.vii.1934, R. Malaise, 23,49. | Previous distribution. INDIA: Rewah State, Chota Nagpur. REFERENCES Martynov, A. M. 1926. Eos, 2: 281-308. McLacHian, R. 1866. Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 5: 247-278. Umer, G. 1907. Coll. Zool. Selys, fasc. 6: 77-78. 1926. Avrch. Natg. 91A (5): 19-110. A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) OF AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA PART IV PAUL FREEMAN BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 11 LONDON: 1958 ; ’ ie. + 9 ts £ a omy me 7 mm stuoY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) OF AFRICA SOUTH OF 408 SAHARA PART TV BY PAUL FREEMAN xu), y ' Pp. 261-363 ; 2 Plates; 15 Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Voice No. a1 LONDON : 1958 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 11 of the Entomological series. Ke iy” - 2SEP 1958 & © Trustees of the British Museum, 1958 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF Issued August, 1958 THE BRITISH MUSEUM Price Thirty Shillings A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) OF AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA PART IV By PAUL FREEMAN CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . : A : : . . 264 FURTHER NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION : é z : é : 2204 TRIBE CHIRONOMINI (continued) . : : : : < 2605 Key to genera with one posterior tibial spur d : E : . 265 Genus Polypedilum : : ‘ é : é r ‘ 3: O06 Subgenus Polypedilum . ‘ : , : : : 9 207 Subgenus Pentapedilum . ; : : : : ‘ s (298 Genus Stictochironomus . : ‘ : : : : : - 304 Genus Microtendipes : : : , ‘ , : : ¢ 310 Genus Kribiocosmus ; ‘ : . : : : : Reg 3 8. Genus Lauterborniella . ; . : ‘ ‘ z : «= 310 Genus Kribiodosis . : , ; : : : ‘ ; #124 Genus Lepidopodus ; : 3 d : : : ‘ - 326 Genus Kribiothauma : ; ‘ : : ‘ : - ees Genus Kribioxenus ; ; ; ‘ ? . 4 : +328 Genus Kribiomyia . : ; ; 4 : ‘ ‘ ; m 326 TRIBE TANYTARSINI . : : ; ; : ; ; ‘ <. 2320 Key to genera : , ; F ; ‘ : : : - 330 Genus Micropsectra : : d ‘ ; , : P - 330 Genus Tanytarsus . : ; ‘ , . . : ‘ » 332 Subgenus Tanytarsus : : ‘ : : : : a g32 Subgenus Calopsectra : ; : : : ‘ : 343 Subgenus Fheotanytarsus . ; , ‘ : ; ; - 346 Subgenus Cladotanytarsus : ‘ : : ‘ : . 348 Genus Stempellina . ; : ; : ‘ , ; : - 352 Genus Zavrelia ; ; P : ‘ : ; ‘ « 355 Unrecognized genera and epecias F ; . Fs A : - 356 INDEX TO Parts I-IV r F ; 3 : : ‘ ‘ - 358 SYNOPSES This is the final Part of the Study of which Parts I and II were published as Nos. 1 and 7 of Vol. 4 and Part III as No. 9 of Vol. 5 of the Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (1955-57). In Part IV the other half of the large tribe Chironomini of the subfamily Chirono- minae is treated together with the tribe Tanytarsini. This half of the Chironomini includes the genera that normally have only one spur on the posterior tibia, that is, Polypedilum and its allies. Part IV is of interest because it includes no less than 15 of the 25 genera erected by ENTOM. 6, II. 13 264 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA Kieffer in 1921 for African species of the Chironomini; these genera have remained virtually unknown since their description, but of the 15 it has been possible to redescribe or synonymize 13, only two remaining quite unknown. In accordance with the principles used in previous Parts, the large genera used by Edwards in 1929 have been broken up into smaller units, so that the classification approaches that of Goetghebuer. Eight genera are recognized in this half of the Chironomini, two more are mentioned because they have been described by Kieffer but have not been recognized, more than 60 species are described, nine being new. In the tribe Tanytarsini four genera are used, Tanytarsus being employed with four subgenera ; nearly 30 species are treated, eight being new. It is probable that further collecting of these tiny insects will add considerably to the number of species. Additional notes are also given of the distribution of the species of the family in Africa. INTRODUCTION Parts I, II and III of this Study were published as Nos. 1 and 7 of Vol. 4 and No. 9 of Vol. 5 respectively of the Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (1955-57). A general introduction to the family with special reference to the fauna of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region) was given in Part I which also dealt with subfamilies Tanypodinae, Diamesinae and Clunioninae. In Part II the species of the subfamilies Orthocladiinae and Corynoneurinae were described, whilst Part III treated the species of the first half of the tribe Chironomini of the subfamily Chironominae, that is with the large genus Chivonomus and its allies. Part IV which is the last of the series, deals with the other half of the tribe Chironomini, that is with the genera centred around Polypedilum carrying only a single spur on the posterior tibia and also with the tribe Tanytarsini. Since publication of Part III, further large collections have been sent to me by Monsieur J. Hamon and by Messrs. A. D. Harrison and B. R. Allanson to whom I indebted for this assistance. These and other collections received previously have enabled me to add further notes on the distribution of the species. FURTHER NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION In Part I of these Studies, I made some tentative remarks on the geographical distribution of the species in Africa south of the Sahara. Since I wrote that Part a good deal more material has become available and has caused me to revise some of my opinions. It appears that the bulk of the species have a very wide distribution and that, so far as I can see, there is no fauna associated especially with the Guinean Forest. Several of Kieffer’s peculiar species from Kribi have been found elsewhere, outside the forest or else I have been able to recognize them as species already known to me from other areas. Good examples are afforded first by Kribiothauma pulchellum, a distinctive and easily recognized species of which I now have a male from as far away from Kribi as Great Usutu River, Transvaal and secondly Kribiocryptus viridiventris which I now know to be Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) niligenus, a species recorded from both East and West Africa. It is probable that the distribution of the species is much more dependent on water conditions, temperature, pH and availability of food than on other factors. A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 265 Presumably such light insects would be readily blown considerable distances by winds ; also river- and stream-dwelling larvae would be carried down-stream by the current, especially in flood conditions. Additional material available to me since writing Part I numbers several thousand mounted and many tubes of spirit specimens, mainly from Cape Province, Transvaal, Belgian Congo, S. Rhodesia, Uganda, Nigeria and French West Africa. An interest- ing feature of it is the small number of species that are new to me and this also suggests that many of the species may have a wide distribution. SUBFAMILY CHIRONOMINAE, TRIBE CHIRONOMINI (Continued) The first section of this Tribe was considered in Part III of this Study ; the genera included there were those containing species normally with two spurs at the apex of the posterior tibia, that is, the genera centred around Chironomus. The present Part deals with the remainder of the Tribe, that is, with the genera with only one spur on the posterior tibia, centred around Polypedilum. Kieffer recognized 18 genera of this section with African species. Of these, 15 were described as new in keys published in 1921. He published an earlier generic key without species (1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1) : 269-277) and a later one in the same year (1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90 : 25-37) as part of his series of three papers on “ Chironomides de |’Afrique equatoriale’’. These two keys are similar but not identical ; species for most of the new genera were described either in the second paper or in the succeeding two papers of the series. Virtually none of these I5 genera has since been recognized, although Goetghebuer and Edwards incorrectly placed a species of Nilothauma in Knibioxenus (see Part III) and Goetghebuer, again incorrectly, described an African species of Lauterborniella in Kribtomimus. It is clearly important from the point of view of the study of the Chironomidae as a whole to rediscover these genera and to redefine or synonymize them where necessary. I have been able to recognize 13 of them and in Table I, I am listing all 15 with their position or probable position in this Study. I am giving such diagnoses as are possible for the two unidentified genera Kribioxenus and Kribiomyia. Kry To AFRICAN GENERA OF TRIBE CHIRONOMINI SECTION II: genera regularly with only one spur on posterior tibia. 1. Squama bare; femora often swollen apically to form a slight club , P F 2 Squama fringed ; femora only swollen apically in Lepidopodus . : , : 3 2. Pulvilli well developed ; antenna of female with 6-7 segments; VIIIth abdominal segment of male not contracted basally . : : . Lauterborniella Bause Pulvilli scarcely distinguishable ; female antenna with, 5 segments ; VIIIth segment of male contracted basally . F : . Kribiodosis Kieffer 3. Wing membrane with macrotrichia at least at the apex Polypedilum subg. Pentapedilum Kieffer Wing membrane quite bare of macrotrichia : ; y ‘ . ‘ ; 4 4. Anterior tibial scale armed with a spur. , ; : ‘ ‘ . ; 5 Anterior tibial scale quite unarmed . : . : ‘ ; ; ‘ ; 8 266 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 5. Anterior tibial spur strong and usually curved; pulvilli either absent or incon- spicuous ; VIIIth abdominal segment of male not constricted basally F : 6 Scale either triangular and with a sharp point or oval and with a short spur at the apex, rarely with a longer spur; pulvilli conspicuous, each split longitudinally (only visible in slide mounts) ; VIIIth segment of male constricted basally Polypedilum Kieffer 6. Wings plain . : ; ‘ é ‘ : P Kribioxenus Kieffer Wings with dark pattern . ‘ , : ; : ‘ . 7 7. Wings broad, posterior fork short (PL. 3 fig. : male antenna with all segments approximately equal, plumes absent (Text-fig. 9, ¢) . : . Kribiothauma Kieffer Wings of normal shape, fork below cross-vein (Pl. 2, fig. m) ; male antenna normal, A.R. about o-6 . . Kribiocosmus Kieffer 8. Prothorax reduced centrally but produced laterally asa short tubercle ; legs long and slender, clothed with adpressed scales as well as erect bristles . Lepidopodus gen. nov. Prothorax not like this; legs without scales ‘ Z : ; . 9 g. Prothorax much reduced, head overhung by mesonotum ; acrostichal bristles reduced to a group at the apex of the mesonotal cone, no central mesonotal tubercle. ‘ i . Microtendipes Kieffer Prothorax less reduced ; acrostichal bristles either asa ‘complete double row or quite absent ; mesonotum often with a central tubercle Stictochironomus Kieffer and ? Kribiomyia Kieffer TABLE I.—Single-spurred Genera Described by Kieffer in 1921 from African Species Genus Position in present Study Kribiothauma . ‘ Valid genus of uncertain affinities. Kribiodosis ; , Valid genus allied to Lauterborniella. Kribiodorum . ‘ Synonym of Lauterborniella. Tripedilum ; : Synonym of Polypedilum. Kribiocosmus . ; Valid genus. Kribioxenus . ‘ Not identified. Kribiomimus . ‘ Synonym of Microtendipes. Kribiocharis. F Synonym of Polypedilum. Kribionympha . ‘ Synonym of Polypedilum. Kribiocallis ‘ : Synonym of Stictochironomus. Kribiomyia : : Not identified. Kribiotima Probably two names for the same genus (q.V.) ; K seer synonym of Polypedilum. Rosenia . ; ‘ Synonym of Polypedilum subg. Pentapedilum. Kribiopelma . ‘ ? Synonym of Polypedilum subg. Pentapedilum. Genus POLYPEDILUM Kieffer Polypedilum Kieffer, 1913, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 28: 15. Pentapedilum Kieffer, 1913, ibid. 28 : 25. Chironomus subg. Polypedilum Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soe. Lond. 77 : 401. Pentapedilum subg. Pentapedilum Edwards, 1929, ibid. 77 : 376. Antennae of male with 14 segments, of female with 6 segments ; frontal tubercles only occasionally present. Pronotum moderately developed, usually not visible from above, mesonotum without a central hump or tubercle (see Stictochironomus) A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 267 both acrostichal and dorso-central bristles well developed and long. Front tibial scale either triangular and sharply pointed or else oval and with a small but definite spur, rarely with a longer spur ; outer comb of posterior tibia and posterior comb of middle tibia each with a single spur which is usually quite long, the other comb of each leg is large and simple; combs not fused; pulvilli each split longitudinally into two narrow lobes, so that with the empodium there appear to be five processes below the tarsal claws (only visible in slide mounts). Wing membrane with or without macrotrichia and either unmarked or with well-formed dark clouds and spots ; squama with complete fringe ; R,,, ending not far beyond tip of R,, posterior fork slightly or considerably beyond r-m. Eighth abdominal segment of male constricted basally so as to appear triangular; anal point well developed, appendage 2 usually with a long terminal hair, styles of variable shape. In his 1929 paper on the British species of the family, Edwards treated Polypedilum as a subgenus of Chivonomus and Pentapedilum as a separate genus to include all the hairy-winged groups outside the Tanytarsini. In 1931 (Dipt. Pat. S. Chile, 2: 310) he revised his opinion about Pentapedilum, realizing that the included groups were not really closely allied and he restricted the name to the group treated as subg. Pentapedilum in his 1929 work. Species of Pentapedilum in this restricted sense are extremely similar to species of Polypedilum, differing only in the presence of macrotrichia on the wing membrane. As pointed out by Edwards this is not always a good character by any means, and the African species bear out this view, one species having hair at the extreme wing apex only. I do not agree with Edwards that both Polypedilum and Pentapedilum should be considered as equal subgenera of Chironomus but I prefer to follow Townes (1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34 : 36) and place both as subgenera of the genus Polypedilum. - Townes’s third subgenus Tvipodura is discussed under the subgenus Polypedilum. Polypedilum is one of the better defined genera of the family. In doubtful cases examination of the pulvilli and eighth segment of the male abdomen affords ready means of determining the genus. As I have previously pointed out, Edwards (1929) denied the presence of split pulvilli, but these can be seen in slide mounts under high magnification and have been figured by Townes (1945). It is a very abundant genus in Africa south of the Sahara. KEY TO SUBGENERA OF Polypedilum Macrotrichia present on wing membrane at least at apex of cell R,,, ; wings without dark markings : : : : ; ; ; Pentapedilum Kieffer Macrotrichia entirely absent from wing membrane; wings frequently with con- spicuous dark markings , i - : : : ; Polypedilum Kieffer Polypedilum KIEFFER SUBGENUS Polypedilum SENSU STRICTO Polypedilum Kieffer, 1913, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 28:15; Kieffer, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1:21; Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16:65; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1): 97 (in part); Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91:19; Kieffer, 1925, Bull. Soc. R. ent. Egypte, 1924: 265; Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28: 480; Goetghebuer, 1937, im Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c) : 56; Townes, 1945, Amer. midl. Nat 34 : 36; Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. G. F. de Witte, fasc. 83 : 25. 268 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA Chironomus Kieffer, 1911, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 14: 351 (in part); Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16 : 66 (in part). Paratendipes Kieffer, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1: 24 (not Kieffer, 1911, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 28: 41). Tripedilum Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 271; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90 : 28 and 47 (SYN. NOV.). Kribiomimus Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 271; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent France, 90 : 29 and 49 (in part). Kribionympha Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1): 271; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent France, 90:29; Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91:7 (SYN. NOV.). Kribiotima Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1) : 274 (SYN. NOV.). Pentapelma Kieffer, 1921, ibid. 41 (1) : 98 (? not Kieffer, 1921, 2bid. 40 (1) : 274 and 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90 : 33). Kribiophilus Kieffer, 1921, ibid. 90: 30 and 1922, ibid. 91: 43; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sct. Brux. 41 (1) : 98 (SYN. NOV.). Kribiocharis Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91: 1 (in part). Microtendipes Kieffer, 1922, ibid. 91: 8 (not Kieffer, 1915, Broteria, Sér. Zool. 13 : 70). Chironomus subg. Polypedilum Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77: 401. Polypedilum subg. Tripodura Townes, 1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34 : 36. This, the typical subgenus, differs from Pentapedilum solely by the absence of macrotrichia on the wing membrane. Kieffer appears to have depended almost entirely on the condition of the pulvilli for generic determination of species of Polypedilum and, because this is a most difficult character to see without special preparation, he seems often to have made mistakes. For instance, after examination of type specimens, I have found that he placed Polypedilum alticola in Polypedilum in 1913, but that he redescribed it in 1918, this time in Chironomus. Having realized this, it became possible to identify not only several of his species of Polypedilum which he had placed in the wrong genera, but also to place in synonymy the genera Tripedilum (type armatifrons monobasic) and Kribionympha (type declivis monobasic). Tripedilum armatifrons was described from two females with frontal tubercles and is the same species as he later described as Polypedilum longiforceps from the male; both fall as synonyms of P. fuscipenne. It is interesting to see that although he mentioned the prominent frontal tubercles in the former, he omitted them in the latter, but the figure of the male hypopygium renders longiforceps easily identifiable. Kribionympha declivis is a very similar species, the pulvilli are split and the eighth segment of the male abdomen is narrow basally.. I was in error in 1955 in placing Kvribiocharis as a synonym of Microtendipes ; Kieffer’s mention of the triangular eighth segment of the male abdomen makes it clear that the type species (K. filitarsis fixed by me in 1955) is a species of Polypedilum similar to and probably identical with P. tenuitarsis. Kieffer was rather confused in his use of the two genera Kribiotima and Kribio- philus. The former was described (Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (1) : 274) in a key, no included species were given and so far as I can discover, the genus was not mentioned by him in print again. In his 1921-23 series of papers (Aun. Soc. ent. France, 90-92) the place of Kvibiotima in the key is taken by Kribiophilus, for which there are two described species neither being fixed as the type of the genus. There is in A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 269 the British Museum a postcard written by Kieffer to W. L. Sclater on 5th September, 1923 on which he says that Kribiophilus (type pictipennis) is a subgenus of Kribiotima. Again in 1921 (Amn. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1) : 98), he refers to Kribiophilus but this time as a subgenus of Polypedilum. It seems probable that Kribiotima was an earlier name and Kribiophilus a later name for the same genus and that the latter is to be regarded as a synonym and _ not a subgenus of the former. I hereby fix K. pictipennis Kieffer, 1922 as type of the genus Kribiophilus. Because this is a redescription of Polypedilum quinqueguttatum Kieffer, Kribiophilus automatically falls as a synonym of Polypedilum. There is no discernible difference between Kvibiophilus and Kribiotima, both being separated from Polypedilum according to Kieffer by the greater width between the eyes, and so Kribiotima also falls as a synonym of Polypedilum. Pentapelma was originally described by Kieffer in June 1921 (Amn. Soc. sct. Brux. 40 (1) : 274) as a genus with hairy wings belonging to “‘ Groupe Tamytarsus”’. No type was fixed but in a paper published on 14th December, 1921 (Amn. Soc. ent. France, 90 : 33) he fixed zavrelt Kieffer. However, two days before this, on 12th December, 1921 another paper of his was published (Amn. Soc. sci. Brux. 41 (1) : 98) in which Pentapelma was used as a plain-winged subgenus of Polypedilum with integrum Kieffer as type of the subgenus. Later authors have followed this inter- pretation, but whichever is followed both appear to be synonyms, the division of Polypedilum on wing colour not being valid. Kieffer (1922, Ann. soc. ent. France, 91 : 8) used Microtendipes for ten species with pointed or spurred scale to the anterior tibia, a character unknown in the species of that genus as it is understood now. Those of the ten that I have been able to identify are species of Polypedilum and it is likely that the remainder belong here as well, but as only three were described from males it is difficult to be certain. I am treating them as species of Polypedilum until there is evidence that they belong to other genera. Townes (1945, Amer. midl. Nat. 34: 36) erected the subgenus Tvipodura for the group of species with lateral teeth to the anal point (“ trifid’’) and with appendage I broad. There seems to be too much variation and intergrading for this subdivision to be accorded subgeneric rank and I am accordingly regarding it as a synonym. The genus cannot easily be subdivided into subgenera although quite well marked species groups can be seen. The division into those with plain wings and those with patterned wings is not valid because of the existence of species, such as tvidens, with plain wings having their most obvious allies amongst species with strongly patterned wings. Many of the species of Polypedilum are common and widespread, they are also subject to a good deal of variation. That this variation is infraspecific is fairly certain from study of species with distinctive features such as griseoguttatum or vamiferum. In each of these two species the male hypopygium is of an unusual form and the wing markings are also rather different from those of most other species. In griseoguttatum there is variation from locality to locality in the shape of the markings in cell R,; and in the development of the lateral teeth at the base of the anal point as well as in the number of hairs on appendage 2. In ramiferum the 270 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA male hypopygium shows some differences in the shape of the parts, but the main variation lies in leg colour and intensity of wing markings. A number of the species of Kieffer and Goetghebuer have been described from varieties of this type and by realizing the plastic nature of the wing markings of many species I have been able not only to arrive at a better understanding of the limits of a given species but also to synonymize many of the older names. Seventy species have been described in Polypedilum from Africa south of the Sahara and from Egypt, but three from Egypt seem to be Palaearctic in distribution and have been omitted ; in addition Kieffer has described in other genera a number of species really belonging to Polypedilum. In particular, as mentioned above, he seems to have been confused between Polypedilum and Microtendipes in his 1921-23 papers. Of the 67 described in Polypedilum, 13 do not belong there and others are redescriptions of previously described species. In the material at my disposal, I am able to recognize 36 species of which four are new. Into the 32 species that are not new, a very high proportion of the previously described species can be fitted either as valid species or as synonyms, but there still remain one species of Paratendipes, five of Polypedilum and five of Microtendipes described by Kieffer mostly from females which I am unable satisfactorily to place. These are as follows : Polypedilum lumiense and Paratendipes tavetanus 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1: 21-22. The type series of these are in the Paris Museum, but being small plain winged females it is not possible to assign them to one of the species described below. Type locality of both KENyA : Taveta. Polypedilum leucolabis 1922, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 91:22. Described from a male with plain wings ; the hypopygium is white, appendage I narrow and curved, appendage 2 bilobed at the extremity. Type locality FRENCH CAMEROONS; Kribi. Polypedilum nymphella 1922, ibid. 91:26. Described from a small female which was separated from other species mainly by being entirely whitish and is probably unrecognizable. Type lost, locality Kribi. Polypedilum distans 1922, tbid. 91:27. Again described from a pale female (length 2-5 mm.) with plain wings, but as the scale of the anterior tibia is rounded it may not belong to this genus at all. Type lost, locality SUDAN : Shambe. Polypedilum pumilio 1922, bid. 91:28. The small male from which this was described (length 1-5 mm.) was separated from distans by the mouthparts equalling only half the height of the head ; hypopygium simple, appendage I curved and narrow Type lost, locality Kribi. Microtendipes magnipennis, pilosicornis, truncatus, kribiensis and calcaratus 1922, ibid. 91: 12-14. All were described from females from Kribi and were separated from each other by minor structural points ; they may well be females of species of the group of Polypedilum fuscipenne and longinervis. All the types are lost. Key TO AFRICAN SPECIES OF Polypedilum SuBGENUS Polypedilum 1. Wings patterned, usually boldly marked with dark spots and clouds, in a few species markings faint but distinguishable in cell R,; or at cross-vein and posterior fork . 2 Wings without markings in any of the cells . ; : ; , , : 17 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 271 2. Wing markings very faint (Pl. 1, figs. c, k) ; occasional specimens of quinqueguttatum have very pale spots and can be recognized by the male nypeayenm ; ‘ 3 Wing markings bold : : : 5 3. Three faint spots in cell R, ; anal point not trifid (Text- fig. 1, b) . deletum Goetghebuer Faint clouds in base only of cell R; and over Cu ‘ 3 : ; ‘ j 4 4. Anal point trifid (Text-fig. 2, e) ; : a eed : : . aegyptium Kieffer Anal point simple (Text-fig. 2, f) ; ‘ . subovatum sp. n. 5. Wings with a discrete dark spot in basal cell, basal toc cross-vein (e.g. Pl. 1, figs. f, /) 6 Wings lacking a dark spot here although there may be general clouding ‘ , 8 6. Cell R, with three spots of variable shape . t, baa I-o) . . griseoguttatum Kieffer Cell R,; with two spots only : . ‘ ; : : : 7 7. Base ey, cell R, clear (Pl. 1, fig. f) : , , : , . abyssiniae Kieffer Base of cell R, with a dark spot (PI. 1, fig. h) d : ; . longicrus Kieffer 8. Wing very aark or blackish with clear oS (Flas, fig. 6 and 8. . atrocinctus Goetgbenuer 6. Wings with macrotrichia over most of surface. . pallidissimus Kieffer Matrotrichia reduced, es only at apex and sometimes ; as lines along centre of some cells. 5 i : < 5 y A 7 7. Anal point bifid (Text- fig. 10, 2) ‘ . , : , ‘ : bifurcus sp. n. Anal point simple . ‘ ; : ; . : ; : 8 8. Appendage 2a rounded (Text-fig. 10, f) ; : ; : : . nocticolor Kieffer Appendage 2a elongate (Text-fig. 10,h) . : ; b . atomarius Kieffer 9. Body of male entirely black, frontal tubercles absent : ‘ ; ; ‘ : Io Body of male at least partially yellow or green . ; II 10. Thorax dull, partially pruinose, hypopygium as in Text- fig. 11,@. ‘aterrimus Freeman Thorax shining, without pruinosity, ee as in Text-fig. 11,6 . Juctuosus sp. n. 11. Thoracic markings brown . ; ‘ , : ; : ; 12 Thoracic markings yellow : ‘ : . 14 12. Abdomen plain green, appendage 2a trifid (Text-g 13; r, h) ; ‘ trifidus sp. n. Abdomen with dark markings . ; 13 13. Appendage 1 more or less square (Text-fig. 11, d), abdomen green with pale brown ring on each segment, tarsal beard absent. ; ‘ . spadiceonotatus sp. 0. Appendage 1 more elongate (Text-fig. 11, c), abdomen much darker and with a median longitudinal dark stripe, tarsal beard present é . migrocinctus Freeman 14 Abdominal segments each with a brown ring, male hypopygium as in Text-fig. 11, e, appendage 1 broad, 1a short, anal point broad. ; ; ‘ . memillani sp. 0. Abdomen quite plain ? ; ; : : 15 15. Anal point narrow, styles curved (Text- fig. II, f) ; ‘ : ; flexistilus sp. n. Anal point broader, styles straighter (Text-fig. 11, g) . ‘ . : . Zarviae sp. N. A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 333 Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) balteatus Freeman Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) balteatus Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, fasc. 83 : 36; Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 380. Thorax pale with a broad vertical brown stripe on the pleura and brownish markings on the stripes; legs yellow with black tips to femora, tibiae and tarsal segments, only one tibial spur ; abdomen yellow with distinctive black bands and longitudinal markings on segments I-5 ; male hypopygium without row of dots on anal point, appendage 2a large and with fan-like arrangement of strong setae. The colour pattern makes this species easily determinable in both sexes. Male. Wing length 1-75-2-0 mm. Head yellowish brown; face mouthparts and scape dark brown; A.R. about 1-2, frontal tubercles present. Thorax with pale yellow pruinose ground colour, scutal stripes short, fused and pale brown but darker brown at posterior end of middle stripe and anterior ends of lateral stripes giving a cross-banded appearance ; this cross band is continued down each pleuron and on to the sternopleuron ;_ post- notum brown, darker at the apex. Legs yellow, apices of all femora and of tibiae broadly black, apices of tarsal segments also dark ; L.R. 2:2, pulvilli absent, combs well separated, only the outer one with a spur. Wzngs with macrotrichia on apical half, Ry,; ending beyond M,,,; halteres whitish. Abdomen yellow with black markings on segments I, 2, 3, 5, 6; segments 1-3 with a median longitudinal black band which expands laterally to form a transverse band near the posterior margin, margin itself pale ; there is a short longitudinal pale line placed posteriorly in each black marking; segment 5 with a similar black marking not so well developed, segment 6 all black. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, 6) with short anal point lacking row of dots, appendage I more or less square, Ia rather stout, 2a large and with a fan-like arrangement of strong setae, styles narrow. Female with markings as in male, macrotrichia more numerous on wing membrane, antennae with 6 segments, although the last 2 are indistinctly separated. Holotype male in the British Museum. DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: holotype and paratypes, Adok; other paratypes and further material, Melut and Shambe (EF. T. M. Reid). NIGERIA: 11 gf, 1 9, Kankiya, xli.1956-1.1957, I g, Kaduna, x.1956 and 1 g, Katsina, x.1956 (B. McMillan). UGANDA: 46, 5 9, Jinja, ix—x.1954 (P. S. Corbet). BELGIAN CONGO: paratypes from Parc National Albert. S. RHODESIA: I Q, Salisbury, v.1956 (E. T. M. Reid). S. W. AFRICA: 6 4, 23 9, Kaokoveld (P. Brinck). Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) pallidulus Freeman Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) pallidulus Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23:24; Free- man, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss de Witte, fasc. 83:35; Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 380. Pale green with yellowish scutal stripes, frontal tubercles present, both tibial combs spurred, macrotrichia present over most of wing surface, appendage 24 of male hypopygium short and with simple hairs ; most easily separated from other green species by the male hypopygium. | 334 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA Fic. 10. Male hypopygia of Micropsectra and Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus). (a) M. capi- cola; (b) T. balteatus with appendage 2a drawn separately; (c) T. pallidulus ; (a) T. atrocinctus ; (e) T. angustus ; (f) T. nocticolor ; (g) T. bifurcus ; (h) T. ato- marius ; (i) T. pallidissimus. A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 335 Male. Wing length 2-2:5 mm. Head and mouthparts yellowish green, antennae brown, pedicel reddish yellow, A.R. about 1-4, frontal tubercles present. Thorax pale yellowish green, scutal stripes, postnotum, sternopleuron yellow. Legs pale, L.R. 3, tibial combs well separated, each with a spur, that on outer comb the longer. Wangs with macro- trichia over most of surface, bare tracts along some veins in basal half; halteres greenish. Abdomen green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, c) with well-defined anal point lacking row of dots, styles pointed and slightly curved ; appendage 1 fairly broad, 1a absent, 2a short and rounded, clothed with simple hairs. Female similar to male in colour ; antennae with 6 segments, wings more uniformly clothed with macrotrichia. Holotype male in the British Museum. DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: holotype, Kirstenbosch ; 2 9, 4 9, Stellenbosch and Tulbagh Barrage (K. M. F. Scott) ; 3 3, Ceres, ili. 1925 (R. E. Turner). TRANS- VAAL: 4,1 9, Johannesburg, vili.1954, I g, Lydenburg, ix.1954 and 1 J, Magoe- baskloof, iv-v.1955 (A. D. Harrison). BELGIAN ConGo: Parc National Albert. NIGERIA: 2 g, Kankiya, xii.1956-1.1957 (B. McMillan). Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) atrocinctus Goetghebuer Tanytarsus atrocinctus Goetghebuer, 1936, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 28 : 490. Yellowish, abdomen with broad dark bands on segments 2, 3, 6 and 8 which distinguishes it from other species; wings evenly clothed with macrotrichia, male hypopygium not unlike pallidulus but appendage 1 much bigger. A.R. only 0-6. Male. Wing length 1-3 mm. Head, mouthparts and pedicel yellow, flagellum brown, A.R. 0-6, frontal tubercles probably absent. Thorax yellowish; stripes, postnotum and _ sternopleuron reddish. Legs uniformly pale, L.R. 2:5, both combs of posterior tarsus with spurs. Wings uniformly clothed with macrotrichia, halteres black-tipped. Abdomen with segment I greenish yellow, 2 and 3 each with a broad brown band leaving only incisures yellowish, 4 and 5 yellowish, 6 brown, 7 paler but brown basally, 8 brown. Hypo- pygium (Text-fig. 10, d of holotype) not unlike pallidulus but appendage 1 much bigger ; 1a absent, 2a rounded, anal point well formed and without dots. Female not known. I have seen the holotype male which is in the Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren. DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the type and paratype, BELGIAN CONGO: Rutshuru. Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) angustus Freeman Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) angustus Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, fasc. 83 : 35. Greenish with yellow thorax; A.R. 1-2, frontal tubercles absent. Very similar to pallidulus, distinguished by absence of frontal tubercles and by appendage 2a being elongate and not short and rounded. 336 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA Male. Wing length 1-8-2:0 mm. Head yellow, antennae and mouthparts brownish; A.R. 1-2, frontal tubercles absent. Thorax yellow, scutal stripes hardly darker. Legs yellow, L.R. 2-2, combs separate and each with a spur. Wéngs clothed all over with macrotrichia, halteres pale. Abdomen pale green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, e) with well- developed anal point lacking row of dots, style pointed, appendage 1 similar to pallidulus, 1a absent, 2a long and with simple hairs. Female resembles male, antennae 6 segmented, 5 and 6 indistinctly separated. Holotype male in collection of Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN Conco: holotype and paratypes Parc National Albert, Riv. Bishakishaki and Riv. Molindi ; further series in spirit, Kivu, Luhanga, vi. 1955 (G. Marlier). Seven males (NIGERIA: Kankiya, xii. 1956-i.1957, B. McMillan) are structurally indistinguishable but have dark markings on the thorax, dark bands at apices of abdominal segments and apices of femora dark ; this may represent a variety or a distinct species. Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) nocticolor Kieffer Tanytarsus nocticolor Kieffer, 1911, Rec. Ind. Mus. 6: 171. Frontal tubercles present, thorax yellow with brown stripes, legs unmarked, both combs spurred, abdomen green, wings with reduced macrotrichia ; hypopygium with appendage 1 beaked, 2a squat and with bushy hairs. The reduced macrotrichia and presence of appendage Ia are sufficient to distinguish this species from pallidulus and atrocinctus which are the only other species with rounded appendage 2a. Male. Wing length 1-5 mm. Head yellowish, frontal tubercles present, A.R. about 1. Thorax yellowish ; stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron brown. Legs yellowish, unmarked, L.R. 2'5, both combs spurred, that on outer comb being the stronger. Wings with Ry, ending opposite tip of M;,,, macrotrichia present only at extreme apices of cells R, and M, and as a single row along centre of apical two-thirds of former ; halteres pale. Abdomen green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, f) with simple anal point, appendage I with a beak, 1a long, 2 rather short and broad, 2a short, squat and with a brush of simple hairs. Female similar to male though thorax may be paler, but wings with macrotrichia at apex of fork cell, as a line in cell M, and around margin of anal cell in addition ; antennae with 6 segments. Holotype female is in the British Museum and can be recognized because of the reduction of the macrotrichia and by the brown scutal stripes. DISTRIBUTION. EGypt: holotype female, Suez Canal; 1 g, Assuan, i.1923 EE ee ————————— (S. Hirst). Supan: 14 4, 8 9, Khartoum, 1-ii.1923 (S. Hirst); 14 g, 15 9, Wad — Medani, ii.1952 (D. J. Lewis). Brtcian Conco: 1 4, Kasenyi (Lac Albert), xli. 1953 (J. Verbeke). A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 337 Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) bifurcus sp. n. A small yellow and green species with darker thoracic stripes; A.R. 0-6, frontal tubercles present, wing macrotrichia reduced, tibial combs with two spurs. Easily distinguished from nocticolor and others by the highly characteristic forked anal point which carries two erect lobes between the arms of the fork. Male. Wing length 1-o mm. Head yellowish, pedicel brown, frontal tubercles present, A.R. 0-6. Thorax yellowish, stripes and postnotum brown, scutellum with two long marginal setae close together and a shorter one laterally. Legs whitish, L.R. 2-5, combs each with a spur, that on outer one the longer. Wungs nearly cuneiform, R,,; ending beyond level of apex of M;,,, macrotrichia present at apices of cells R;, M, and fork cell and as lines down centre of each cell and along margin of anal cell; halteres white. Abdomen green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, g) with peculiar anal point; main body of point broad, thickened each side, emarginate at apex and appearing forked ; between the thickened margins are two erect pointed lobes; appendage I more or less triangular and beaked, 1a sinuous and well formed, 2a with simple hairs. Female not known. Holotype male and 4 ¢ paratypes FRENCH WEST AFRICA, Haute Volta: Tangrela (Cercle de Banfora), xii.1956 (J. Hamon). Holotype and two paratypes returned to Office de la Recherche Scientifique Outre-Mer, two paratypes in the British Museum. Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) atomarius Kieffer Tanytarsus atomarius Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16: 72. ? Tanytarsus pallidissimus Kieffer, 1911, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 14 : 358 (in part). A tiny green species with yellow thoracic stripes, A.R. 0-5, frontal tubercles present, apex of R,,; opposite tip of M;,,, macrotrichia greatly reduced, combs both spurred, hypopygium with all appendages well developed. Although Kieffer described atomarius from a female, the small size, reduced macrotrichia, short radius and green colour make if fairly certain that I have identified the species correctly. As explained under pallidissimus the type series of that species is mixed, half being very similar to but with wings slightly more hairy than typical atomarius. Male. Wing length o-8—1-0 mm. ' Head greenish yellow, pedicel brown, A.R. 0:5, frontal tubercles present. Thorax green with yellow stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron. Legs yellow, L.R. 2:5, each comb of posterior tibia with a spur. Wangs narrow but not cuneiform, R,,, ending opposite tip of M,,,, posterior fork well distal to cross-vein, macrotrichia reduced in Transvaal specimens to a small group at extreme apex and a row along centre of distal half of cell R; ; Seychelles material has an additional group and row in cell M, and in fork cell. Halteres green. Abdomen green; hypopygium (Text- fig. 10, h) with narrow and simple anal point, wide appendage I and 1a, 2 with only 5-6 hairs at tip, 2a with simple hairs, 338 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA Female. In the holotype and Seychelles specimens the thoracic markings are yellow but in the Transvaal specimens they are brown ; antennae with 5 segments, macrotrichia more abundant than in male, present at apices of cells R;, M, and fork cells and as lines along the centres of these cells and around margin of anal cell. I have seen the holotype female of atomarius which was in the Hungarian National Museum. DISTRIBUTION. TRANSVAAL: holotype, Pretoria; 2 g, Pongola River Settle- ments and 1 9, Great Usutu River, near Amsterdam, ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison). SEYCHELLES : 3 3, 3 2, cotypes of pallidissimus, Mahé, probably belong here. Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) pallidissimus Kieffer Tanytarsus pallidissimus Kieffer, 1911, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool, 14 : 358. A pale greenish insect with yellow thoracic markings ; A.R. 0:5, frontal tubercles present, L.R. 2-8, combs with two spurs; wings fairly evenly clothed with macro- trichia, hypopygium with 1a present, 2a with simple hairs. The type series contained two species, the smaller of which appears to be atomarius (see above) with wings rather more hairy than usual. Male. Wing length 1-3-1-4 mm. Head and antennae yellow, A.R. 0-5, frontal tubercles present. Thorax green, stripes and postnotum yellow, scutellum with two long hairs placed close together near the centre. Legs pale yellowish, L.R. 2:8, each comb with a spur. Wangs with macrotrichia fairly evenly arranged over most of the surface, R,,, ending well beyond level of tip of M,,,. Abdomen pale green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 10, 7) differs from atomarius by the narrower appendage Ia; appendage 1 with less well developed apical beak in paratype, thus appearing nearly oval, 2 with numerous hairs, 2a straight and with simple hairs. Female similar to male, antennae with 6 segments. There are ten specimens of the type series in the British Museum all from SEYCHELLES: Mahé; six are ? atomarius, of the remaining 2 3g, 2 9, I have marked one male as lectotype. No further material is known. Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) aterrimus Freeman Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) aterrimus Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 179; Free- — man, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 380. A fairly large species, body of male entirely black, halteres and legs paler, female paler with separate thoracic stripes ; frontal tubercles absent, anal point with row of dots, appendage Ia present, 2a bent ; wing hairs moderately dense. Distinguished from luctuosus, the only other African black species known to me, by the pale ; halteres, pruinose hair lines and structure of male hypopygium. Male. Wing length 2-2-5 mm. Head, mouthparts and antennae very dark brown, pedicel black, A.R. 0-9, frontal tubercles absent, Thorax entirely black, dull and with black hair, lines of bristles une A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 339 pruinose. Legs brown, L.R. 2-0, front tarsus not bearded, combs each with a spur, the outer spur slightly the longer. Wangs with macrotrichia in apical half, a line in basal cell and some in middle of anal cell, most veins in apical half with bare tracts alongside ; halteres pale or with a tinge of brown. Abdomen black; hypo- pygium (Text-fig. 11, a) with irregular row of about Io dots on anal point, appendage I oval and emarginate on inner margin, appendage 1a well formed, appendage 2a elbowed at the base and with a brush of simple hairs at the apex. Female rather browner than male, thorax with paler background and more or less separate stripes, antennae with 5 segments the last 2 being fused ; wing hairs denser than in male and numerous in basal half especially in the anal cell. Holotype male in the British Museum. DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: holotype male and type series of both sexes, Berg River, Assegaibos, Driefontein and Tulbagh Barrage; 1 3g, 2 9, Ladismith (P. Brinck). TRANSVAAL: 3 6, Olifantsvlei nr. Johannesburg, viii.1954 and 2 4, I 9, Magoebaskloof, iv-v.1955 (A. D. Harrison). Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) luctuosus sp. n. Another entirely black species, at least in the male, distinguished from aterrimus by the slightly shining thorax which lacks pruinosity, by the black halteres and greatly developed appendage 2a. Male. Wing length 1-4 mm. Head, antennae and mouthparts black, A.R. 0:8, frontal tubercles absent. Thorax black with black bristles and slightly shining, hair lines without pruinosity. Legs dark brown, L.R. 2:0, pulvilli and tarsal beard absent, only the outer comb of posterior tibia with a spur. Wzangs with macrotrichia arranged much as in aterrimus halteres black. Abdomen black; hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, 6) with irregular double row of very small dots on anal point, appendage I narrow apically in holotype as shown, in the paratype with a small expansion near the tip, Ia absent, 2 rather small, 2a long and curved and with long curved hairs. Female not known. Holotype male, CAPE PRovINCE: Platteklip Gorge, 1.1953 (K. M. F. Scott) ; paratype I gj, TRANSVAAL: Magoebaskloof, nr. Tzaneen, v.1955 (A. D. Harrison). Both specimens are in the British Museum. Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) nigrocinctus Freeman Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) nigrocinctus Freeman, 1957, Explor. Hydrobiol. Kivu, Ed. Albert. Bruxelles, 3 : 220. Yellowish, thoracic stripes dark brown, abdomen with dark rings and a median dark stripe; legs pale without distinct markings; frontal tubercles present, anterior tarsi with a slight beard. Distinguished from other species by the generally dark appearance, though not totally black as in males of aterrimus and Juctuosus, as well as by details of the male hypopygium. Male, Wing length 1-6-2:0 mm, 340 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA Head yellowish, mouthparts and antennae brown, frontal tubercles well developed, A.R. 2:0. Thorax yellowish with brown markings on the stripes, especially on the lateral ones, on the sternopleuron and postnotum. Legs yellow, L.R. 2:5, anterior tarsi with a scanty beard, combs well separated, each with a spur. Wings with Fic. 11. Male hypopygia of Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus). (a) T. aterrimus ; (b) T. luc- tuosus with appendage 2a drawn separately ; (c) T. nigrocinctus ; (d) T. spadiceo- notatus ; (e) T. memillani; (f) T. flexistilus; (g) T. zariae; (h) T. trifidus with appendage 2a drawn separately. macrotrichia at apices of cells R;, M, and M, and as single rows in cells R,; and M, ; halteres whitish. Abdomen greenish or brownish yellow with apical third of segments 2-7 black, segments 1 and 8 wholly black, 2-7 with a dark longitudinal stripe in addition to the apical bands. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, c) with a row of about 5-6 large dots on anal point, appendage 1 narrow, 1a short, 2a fairly small and with a brush of simple hairs at apex, A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 341 Female very similar to male ; abdomen more evenly dark but with yellow markings showing in some specimens ; wings with macrotrichia more evenly distributed. Holotype male in the British Museum. DISTRIBUTION. SUDAN: 4 ¢, Rumbek, vi-vii.1954 (FE. T. M. Reid). NIGERIA: 1z g, Kankiya, xii.1956-i.1957 (B. McMillan). FRENCH WeEsT AFrica, Haute Volta: 1 g, nr. Bobo Dioulasso, 1.1957 (J. Hamon). UGANDA: holotype male and paratype, Lake Victoria. KENYA: paratypes, Kitui. BELGIAN CoNGOo: paratypes, Lake Kivu. Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) spadiceonotatus sp. n. Green with brown thoracic and abdominal markings, A.R. 1-2, L.R. 2, both combs with spurs, macrotrichia reduced. Easily distinguished from aterrimus and mgro- cinctus which have a somewhat similar hypopygium, by the smaller size and different colour. Male. Wing length 1-5 mm. Head yellow, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. 1-2, frontal tubercles present but small. Thorax yellowish green, postnotum, sternopleuron and stripes, especially lateral ones, brown. Legs yellowish, apices of femora obscurely darkened, pulvilli and tarsal beard absent, L.R. 2, each tibial comb with a spur. Wings with a few macrotrichia at extreme apices of cells R; and M, and as a single line half-way along former; halteres green. Abdomen yellowish green or green, each segment with a pale brown ring on apical quarter or third, darker centrally and sometimes appearing as a row of spots. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, d) not unlike mgrocinctus but appendage I squarer; anal point with a well-formed row of dots, appendage Ia very short, 2a with a brush at apex. Female resembles male in colour and pattern, macrotrichia evenly distributed over apical half of wing and as a row in basal cell and around margin of anal cell ; antennae with 6 segments. . Holotype male and 15 4, 2 2 paratypes NIGERIA: Kankiya, xil.1956-1.1957 (B. McMillan); 1 Q paratype, Bauchi Prov., Vom, iii.1957 (W. A. McDonald). S. RHODESIA: 3 ¢ paratypes, Salisbury, iv.1956 (E. T. M. Reid). Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) mcmillani sp. n. Pale yellow and green, scutal stripes yellowish red, abdominal segments each with a dark band posteriorly and indications of a central median stripe ; legs pale, no tarsal beard ; macrotrichia evenly distributed ; male hypopygium not unlike nzgro- cinctus but dots on anal point smaller and appendage 1 broader. This species is very similar to nigrocinctus in structure but can be distinguished by its much paler colour, absence of tarsal beard, denser wing macrotrichia and male hypopygial details. Male. Wing length 1-8—2-0 mm. Head yellow, mouthparts and antennae pale brown, A.R. 1-8, frontal tubercles present. Thorax pale yellow with yellowish red stripes and sternopleuron, the ENTOM, 6, ITI, 18 342 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA postnotum is brown. Legs pale, apices of femora and tibiae faintly darker, L.R. 3 or over, tarsal beard absent, each comb of posterior tibia with a well-formed spur. Wings with moderately dense macrotrichia over most of surface, basal quarter bare, halteres pale. Abdomen green, each segment with posterior quarter or third dark ; on segments 2-5 this band tends to be extended forwards forming a partial median dark line. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, ¢) not unlike mnigrocinctus; anal point with row of about four dots but these are smaller than in nigrocinctus, appendage I broader, 1a short, 2a rather similar in the two species. Females taken at the same time as the males show a general resemblance but lack the dark abdominal markings. Holotype male and 19 male paratypes NIGERIA: Kankiya, xii.1956-i.1957 (B. McMillan) ; further paratypes, 2 g, Kaduna, x.1956 and 1 4, Zaria, xi. 1956 (B. McMillan). I am not making the females paratypes as there is some doubt over their identity ; all specimens are in the British Museum. Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) flexistilus sp. n. Very similar to mcmillani, differing in colour only in the abdomen which lacks dark markings and is plain green. Structurally, the two species can be separated only by the male hypopygium which in the present species (Text-fig. 11, f) has a narrower anal point of different appearance with the dots reduced to about 2-3, appendage I concave inwardly, 1a longer, 2a rather larger than memuillant, styles stout and curved. Female not known. This is possibly a well-marked colour variation of mcmillani—see also the next species. Holotype male and paratypes 2 3g, NIGERIA: Kankiya, xii.1956-i.1957 (B. McMillan) in the British Museum. Further paratypes 2 3, FRENCH WEST AFRICA, Haute Volta: Sosogona, nr. Bobo Dioulasso i.1957 (J. Hamon) returned to Office de la Recherche Scientifique Outre-Mer. Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) zariae sp. n. This is another species resembling mcmillani in structure but differing in the plain green abdomen; it is smaller and paler than either mcmillani or flexistilus the anal point is more like that of the former but appendages 1 and 1a are more like those of the latter. It may also be a variety of memillani. Male. Wing length 1-5 mm. Head mouthparts and antennae including pedicel yellowish white frontal tubercles present, A.R. 1-2. Thorax yellowish white, stripes barely indicated, these and post- notum yellowish. Legs pale greenish white, pulvilli and tarsal beard absent, L.R. 3, each comb with a spur. Wangs fairly evenly clothed with macrotrichia except for basal quarter, halteres greenish. Abdomen pale green ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, g) very similar to mcmillani but appendage 1 of more irregular shape, 1a longer, styles wider. Female not known. Holotype male and 4 ¢ paratypes, NIGERIA: Zaria, xi.1956 (B. McMillan) ; gg eeEeeEeEeEeEEeEeeeEeEeEeEe eee» A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 343 I gd paratype, Kankiya, x.1956 (B. McMullan). GoLp Coast: 1 ¢ paratype, Nangodi, x.1954 (G. Crisp). All specimens are in the British Museum. Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) trifidus sp. n. Thoracic markings brown, abdomen plain green, frontal tubercles probably absent, L.R. 3, macrotrichia dense at apex, sparser elsewhere ; most easily distin- guished from species with somewhat similar colouring such as spadiceonotatus by the peculiar appendage 2a which is in three branches, each bifid and pointing anteriorly instead of posteriorly. Male. Wing length 1-0-1-4 mm. Head and mouthparts yellowish, antennae darker, A.R. 1, frontal tubercles cannot be seen and are probably absent. Thorax yellowish green with stripes and post- notum brown. Legs very pale and without markings; L.R. 3, pulvilli and tarsal beard absent, both combs of posterior tibia with spurs. Wangs with R,,,; ending at level of apex of M;,,, macrotrichia dense at apex, but sparser and confined to tracts along centre of cells more basally, halteres green. Abdomen pale green or whitish, without dark markings. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 11, ) with row of about four large dots on anal point; appendage 1 subovoid, sometimes with inner margin slightly produced, Ia sinuous, well developed, 2a quite characteristic, pointing anteriorly and formed of three bifid branches which are sometimes folded up and difficult to distinguish from each other. Female not known. Holotype male and 15 ¢ paratypes, NIGERIA: Kankiya, xil.1956-1.1957 and I g paratype, Zaria, xi.1956 (B. McMillan) all in the British Museum. Further paratype I gj, FRENCH WEsT Arrica, Haute Volta: Banouaradougou, nr. Bobo Dioulasso, ix.1956 (J. Hamon) returned to Office de la Recherche Scientifique Outre-Mer. Tanytarsus VAN DER WULP SUBGENUS Calopsectra KIEFFER Calopsectra Kieffer, 1909, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz, 26: 50. Tanytarsus subg. Tanytarsus Group B Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77: 411. Tanytarsus subg. Calopsectva Goetghebuer, 1938, im Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13¢) : 127; Brundin, 1947, Arkiv Zool. 39a no. 3 : 66 (mis-spelt Calospectra), This subgenus is separated from the others by the presence of well-developed _ pulvilli. In the two African species and in two Palaearctic species the anal point of the male carries a pair of reflexed appendages which are hinged either near the tip or at the base of the anal point and lie between two narrow ridges or flaps on the IXth tergite. JT. (C.) subreflexens Freeman is only doubtfully distinct from the Palaearctic species richmondensis Edwards. Key To AFRICAN SPECIES OF Tanytarsus suBG. Calopsectra Abdomen quite unmarked, anal point of male long, its appendages hinged near its apex (Text-figs. 12, a, b) : . subreflexens Freeman Abdomen with dark rings or mainly dark, ‘anal point ‘short, its appeadages hinged near its base (Text- figs. 12,d,¢) . ; , 5 an nigricornis Goetghebuer 344 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA Tanytarsus (Calopsectra) subreflexens Freeman Tanytarsus (Calopsectra) subreflexens Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, fasc. 83 : 37. A yellowish green species, structurally very similar to the Palaearctic species veflexens and richmondensis Edwards. Pulvilli present, L.R. 3, anal point of male with reflexed appendages hinged near apex and fitting between two short ridges or flaps on the IXth tegite quite as in vichmondensis. Separable from the following a Fic.12. Male hypopygia of Tanytarsus (Calopsectva). (a)-(c) C. subreflexens. (a) In dorsal aspect ; (b) anal point in lateral aspect; (c) appendage 2a in lateral aspect ; (d)-(e) T. nigricornis. (d) In dorsal aspect ; (e) anal point in lateral aspect. species by the pale colour and longer anal point. Whether this species is really — distinct from vichmondensis is open to some doubt, but as it is so pale, the leg ratio — is greater and a name is available I have preferred to maintain the separation. Male. Wing length 1-5-—2:5 mm. Head yellowish, in some specimens slightly brownish, mouthparts and antennae may also be brown, frontal tubercles present, A.R. 1:3. Thorax yellow, scutal — stripes hardly darker. Legs yellow, pulvilli present, L.R. 3, posterior tibial combs with two spurs, outer one long, inner one short. Wzngs covered all over with macro- — trichia, halteres yellow. Abdomen pale green; hypopygium (Text-figs. 12, ac) indistinguishable from vichmondensis ; anal point long and with a pair of reflexed A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 345 appendages hinged nears its apex and fitting between a pair of short flaps between which are some short hairs ; appendage 1 rectangular in outline and hairy, sometimes slightly produced at the outer apex, 1a hardly longer; 2a broad and with broad curved tooth-like hairs along margin, appendage is usually seen edge-on in dorsal view ; styles slightly sinuous at apex. Female resembles male in colour, antennae with last 2 segments indistinctly separated. Holotype male in Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN CONGO: type series from Lac Magera, Kamande, Vitshumbi (Parc Nat. Albert). NIGERIA: 13 g, Kankiya, xii.1956-i1.1957 (B. McMillan). GoLtp Coast: I 3g, I 9, Nangodi, x.1954 (G. Cvisp). ABYSSINIA: Ig, 1 9, Waldia, 11.1936 (J. W. S. Macfie). Tanytarsus (Calopsectra) nigricornis Goetghebuer Tanytarsus nigricornis Goetghebuer, 1935, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 26 : 398. This is normally a darker species than subreflexens, and usually has brown thoracic markings and abdominal bands but pale specimens do occur; L.R. 2:5, frontal tubercles present ; male hypopygium with short anal point, reflexed appendages shorter than in migricorms and hinged nearer the base of the anal point, lobes between which they lie are longer. I have seen Goetghebuer’s type and found it to be very pale but the male hypopygium is identical with that described here. Male. Wing length 1-5-2-0 mm. Head green, antennae and mouthparts brown or blackish, A.R. 1°75, frontal tubercles present. Thorax pale green; stripes, postnotum and _ sternopleuron usually brown or blackish, reddish in pale specimens. Legs brown, pulvilli present, _ L.R. 2-5, spurs as in subreflexens. Wings with macrotrichia over most of the surface, halteres green. Abdomen in most specimens green with dark markings ; the apical half of each segment is usually brown but the brown colour may encroach on the green in the central line, even joining up with the dark on the segment in front, so that the green is reduced to lateral patches on each segment ; occasional specimens, including the holotype, have the abdomen entirely green. Hypopygium (Text-figs. 12, d, e) with shorter and more bent anal point than subreflexens, reflexed appendages hinged near the base of the point, flaps between which they lie are longer in this species and whole side aspect different ; appendage 1 with definite beak, though of _ variable shape, 1a of variable length, 2a as in migricornis, style not sinuous at apex. Female similar to male, abdominal bands present but less obvious, antennae with segments 5 and 6 indistinctly separated. Holotype male in Musée Royal du Congo Belge. DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN Conco: holotype male, Kamande. ABYSSINIA: I 4, 22, Waldia, xii.1935 (J. W.S. Macfie). YEMEN: 5, San’a, xi.1937 (C. Rathjens). UGANDA: II, ¢ 3 Q, L. Victoria, vi.1950 (W. W. Macdonald). S. RHODESIA: 8 3, Salisbury, v.1956 (E. T. M. Reid). TRANSVAAL: 33 d, 15 Q, Olifantsvlei nr. Johannesburg, ii-ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison) ; 6 3, Lydenburg District, Waterval, 346 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA iv—-v.1955 (A. D. Harrison). NATAL: 21 3, 1 2, Mooi River, 1 3, 1 9, Tugela River, I 9, Bushman’s River, ix.1953 (A. D. Harrison); 2 3g, 1 9, Weenen, Vili. 1924 (H. P. Thomasset). Tanytarsus VAN DER WULP SuBGENUS Rheotanytarsus BAUsE Rheotanytarsus Bause, 1914, Aych. Hydrobiol. Planktonk., Suppl. 2 (1) : 120. Tanytarsus subg. Tanytarsus Group C Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 413. Tanytarsus subg. Rheotanytarsus Goetghebuer, 1938, im Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c) : 132; Brundin, 1947, Arkiv Zool. 39A no. 3: 76. This subgenus is mainly to be separated from the others by the sharp narrowing of the apex, sometimes of the apical third, of the male styles, although occasionally it is less marked than usual. In addition pulvilli and frontal tubercles are absent and Rp», is obliterated by the close approximation of R, and R,,;. The larvae of the European species T. photophilus Goetghebuer make tube-like cases and Dr. K. M. F. Scott tells me im litt. that T. fuscus makes similar cases in South Africa. Key TO AFRICAN SPECIES OF Tanytarsus SUBGENUS Rheotanytarsus General colour pale yellowish green, A.R. 1, L.R. nearly 3, male styles (Text-fig. 13, a) sharply contracted for apical third and bent downwards at tips. . guineensis Kieffer General colour of most specimens brown, A.R. 0:6, L.R. hardly 2, male styles (Text- fig. 13, 6) much less sharply contracted and not for as much as apical third, nor bent down at tips , : ‘ ‘ 4 ; ' ‘ . fuscus Freeman Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus) guineensis Kieffer Rheotanytarsus guineensis Kieffer, 1918, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 16 : 73. Yellowish green, thoracic stripes reddish; A.R. about 1, L.R. nearly 3, male styles strongly contracted for apical third and bent downwards at tips. Distinguished from T. fuscus as shown in the key. Male. Wing length 1-8 mm. Head, antennae and mouthparts yellow, A.R. about 1, frontal tubercles absent. Thorax yellowish green, stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron reddish. Legs yellowish, pulvilli and tarsal beard absent, L.R. 2:75. Wings with reduced anal lobe, fairly densely clothed all over with macrotrichia except on the basal quarter. Abdomen uniformly pale green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 13, a) with anal point of variable length, sometimes a little longer than figured, appendage 1 more or less oval, very similar to fuscus, appendage 1a absent, 2 rather clubbed, 2a hairy and with oval lamellae at the apex; styles highly characteristic, the narrow portion being long and bent downwards at the apex. Female similar to the male, antennae with 6 segments. The type series is lost, but the figure of the male hypopygium given by Kieffer makes identification certain. Type locality GUINEE FRANGAIS: Mamon. DISTRIBUTION. UGANDA: 2 g, 1 9, L. Victoria (W. W. Macdonald). BELGIAN Conco: 1 4, Rutshuru, i.1934 (de Wulf) ; 2 3, Elisabethville, xii. 1938 (H. J. Brédo). A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 347 Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus) fuscus Freeman Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus) fuscus Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 25; Freeman, 1955, 9. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 381. Usually a brown species, although some specimens from S. Rhodesia are coloured like guineensis (see below), wings densely hairy; A.R. 0-6, L.R. hardly 2, male styles slightly contracted at apex, anal point well formed but narrower than in guineensis. Distinguished from guineensis by its normally darker colour, lower A.R. and L.R. and by the much shorter apical narrow portion of the styles which is sometimes hardly apparent. a Fic. 13. Male hypopygia of Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus). (a) T. guineensis with appendage 2a shown separately ; (b) T. fuscus with appendage 2a omitted. Male. Wing length 1-5-2:0 mm. Head, mouthparts and antennae brown; A.R. 0-6, frontal tubercles absent. Thorax brown or yellowish brown; stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron darker brown. Legs brown, L.R. 2 or slightly less, no tarsal beard. Wings with reduced anal lobe, thickly clothed over most of the surface with macrotrichia, halteres pale. Abdomen brown; hypopygium (Text-fig. 13, 6) with well-developed anal point which is narrower than in guineensis ; appendage 1 not dissimilar, 1a absent, 2a similar ; styles of most specimens contracted at apex as shown, but not turned down at tips, sometimes with the contraction less obvious. Female similar to male, abdomen may be tinged with green, antennae with 6 segments. Holotype male in the British Museum, type locality CAPE PROVINCE: Berg River, Wellington. 348 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: type series and other specimens from Berg River at Wellington, Piquetberg and French Hoek, also from Wemmer River and Palmiet River. NATAL: 5 g, I 9, Shooter’s Hill, vii.1956 (B. Stuckenberg). UcanpDA: 1 g, Mt. Elgon, Bulambuli, 9,500 ft., viii.1934 (J. Ford). ABYSSINIA: I 3, 6 9, Waldia, i.1936 (J. W. S. Macfie). A series from RHODESIA (3 3, 2 9, Salisbury, v.1956, E. T. M. Reid) is coloured green with yellowish-red thoracic markings as in guineensis. Structurally, they are similar to other specimens of fuscus and I am treating them as a colour variety. Tanytarsus VAN DER WULP SUBGENUS Cladotanytarsus KIEFFER Cladotanytarsus Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. Mém. 42: 100; Brundin, 1947, Arkiv Zool. 39A no. 3: 78. Tanytarsus subg. Tanytarsus Group F Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 418. Tanytarsus subg. Cladotanytarsus Goetghebuer, 1938, in Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c) : 133. Very similar to Tanytarsus s. str., separated by the presence of branched hairs on appendage 2a of the male hypopygium ; pulvilli absent, male styles short and not contracted at the tips. The five African species belonging to this group that I have been able to recognize, are not all easy to separate because there seems to be a good deal of intergrading. Although a large dark male of capensis at first sight appears very different from a small pale specimen of reductus, there are so many intergrading forms and varieties that the definition of each species becomes blurred. T. fulvofasciatus Kieffer belongs here but it cannot be definitely assigned to any one species because the colour and pattern fit /ewisi, whilst the male genital structure agrees better with pseudomancus. KEY TO AFRICAN SPECIES OF Tanytarsus SUBGENUS Cladotanytarsus 1. Anterior tarsi of male with long beard, a large dark species (wing length 1-7—2-3 mm.) capensis Freeman Tarsal beard absent ‘ : ; ‘ . ? ‘ ; , : ‘ 2 2. Abdomen with dark markings . : ; ; : ‘ ; : ‘ : 3 Abdomen plain and unmarked . 3. Thoracic markings dark brown or blackish, appendage I ‘smaller, 2a 1 less ‘bushy (Text-fig. 14, a) . . pseudomancus Goetghebuer Thoracic markings reddish, appendage I larger, 2a bushy (Text-fig. 14, c) lewist Freeman 4. Wing of male with macrotrichia on fork and anal veins, thoracic markings black, appendage 1 large (Text-fig. 14, e) . ‘ ‘ . linearis Freeman Wing veins of male lacking these macrotrichia, thoracic markings reddish or brown, appendage 1 small (Text-fig. 14, d) ‘ ‘ . é ‘ . veductus Freeman Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) pseudomancus Goetghebuer Tanytarsus pseudomancus Goetghebuer, 1934, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 25 : 200. Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) pseudomancus Freeman, 1955, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, fasc. 83: 38; Freeman, 1955, S. Afr. Animal Life. Uppsala, 2 : 381. Thoracic stripes dark brown, wings with macrotrichia at apex, L.R. 2-5, abdomen whitish or pale green, each segment with a dark apical band, also darker along A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 349 median line, anal point fairly broad and with numerous dots, appendage Ia sinuous. Apart from a dark form found in the Cape, this species can be distinguished from the others by the colour pattern of the abdomen ; the shapes of appendages 1 and ta are also distinctive. The hypopygial structure is similar to that figured by Kieffer for Cladotanytarsus fulvofasciatus which also has dark rings on the abdomen, but the pale colour of the thorax of Kieffer’s species is not like any that I have seen and I prefer not to synonymize the two, especially as Kieffer omitted the anal point in his figure. Male. Wing length 1-3-1-5 mm. Head and mouthparts brown, pedicel dark brown, A.R. 1-2, frontal tubercles not visible. Thorax with yellowish background ; stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron dark brown or blackish. Legs unmarked, yellowish or brown, L.R. about 2:5 or slightly less, tarsal beard absent, pulvilli absent, posterior tibia with a spur on each comb. Wings with macrotrichia reduced to a small number at extreme apices of cells R; and M, and a short row down the centre of the apical half or less of cell R;, veins of posterior fork and anal vein without macrotrichia. Halteres pale. Abdomen usually whitish or pale green or yellowish, segments 1-6 with an apical dark ring; abdomen also with an ill-defined central dark line, dividing pale area of each segment. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 14, a) with broad anal point marked with as many as 20 dots, appendage I narrow but well formed, 1a long and sinuous, 2a showing a good deal of subdivision but not as bushy as in lewist. Female. Such specimens as I have seen, have the macrotrichia more numerous in apical half of wing and around anal cell; all veins hairy, abdomen dark. I have seen the type series of males in Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren. DISTRIBUTION. EcGypt: 7 g, Darfur, El Fasher, iv.1920 (H. Lynes); 3 2, Aswan, i.1923 (S. Hirst). Supan: 15 g, Khartoum, i.1931 (H. W. Bedford) ; 18 g, Wad Medani, 11.1952 (D. J. Lewis). NIGERIA: 9 3, Kankiya, xii.1956— i.1957 (B. McMillan). GoLtp Coast: 1 4, nr. Kumasi, x.1952 (J. Bowden). BELGIAN CONGO: type series and other specimens, Kivu; long series from Parc National Albert. TRANSVAAL: 3 4, Marble Hall, iv-v.1955 (A. D. Harrison). CAPE PROVINCE: I 4, Berg River, Piquetberg, i.1953 (K. M. F. Scott). Some specimens from CAPE PROVINCE: Kirstenbosch, are structually very similar but have the abdomen much darker and the wings more hairy. They may suggest a link with capensis. Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) capensis Freeman Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) capensis Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond (B) 23: 24. This species is very similar to pseudomancus and may only be a dark variety of it. It is larger, with wing length 1-75-2-3 mm., and the colouring is darker, the abdomen being mainly very dark brown or blackish, although if a male is examined from behind the pale areas present on the abdomen of psewdomancus can just be distin- guished. It is most easily distinguished by the well-developed long beard on the front tarsi of the male. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 14, 6) quite similar to pseudomancus 350 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA but the anal point is narrower, appendage I more strongly waisted and 1a less sinuous. Holotype male in the British Museum. DISTRIBUTION. Known only from CAPE PROVINCE: holotype and paratypes, Zeekoe Vlei; paratypes, Bergvliet and Piquetberg. Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) lewisi Freeman Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) lewisi Freeman, 1950, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 19: 58; Lewis, 1957, Bull. ent. Res. 48 : 155-184. A pale green species, thoracic markings reddish, abdomen with dark bands, frontal tubercles present in the male, anal point narrow, appendage 1 large, Ia bent at apex, 2a large and bushy. The larger appendage 1 and the more bushy appendage 2a make this species comparatively easy to determine, they also suggest that this is not the species which Kieffer described as fulvofasciatus even though the colouring is similar. Male. Wing length 1-5-1-75 mm. Head yellowish green, frontal tubercles small but distinct, A.R. about 1. Thorax pale yellowish green, mesonotal stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron reddish. Legs pale green, tibiae may be darkened at apices, tarsal beard and pulvilli absent, combs of posterior tibia each with a spur, L.R. 2:25. Wangs with macrotrichia on membrane at extreme apex, mostly in cell R;, fork veins and anal vein bare ; halteres pale. Abdomen green, each segment dark at apex giving a ringed appearance ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 14, c) differs from other species by the larger appendage 1 and the more bushy and stouter 2a ; 1a is bent at apex, anal point narrow and with a few dots basally, IXth tergite with a prominent central ridge which is indicated by two parallel lines in the figure. Female differs from male in colour by the abdominal rings being dark green; — wings with a few extra macrotrichia as lines down the centres of the cells, fork veins bare. Holotype male in the British Museum. DISTRIBUTION. Known only from SupAN: Khartoum (type locality), Wad Medani and Wadi Halfa. ‘Lewis (1957) records this species as a great nuisance and as causing a form of asthma in Khartoum where it is extremely abundant ; he gives some account of the biology and life history in the same paper. Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) reductus Freeman Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) rveductus Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23 : 180. A small green species with reddish or brown thoracic markings and plain abdomen ; macrotrichia reduced but present for about half length of vein M,, tarsal beard absent ; hypopygium with narrow anal point, small appendage 1 and straight Ia. Male. Wing length 1-25-1-5 mm. A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 351 Head, mouthparts and antennae yellow or brown, small frontal tubercles visible in some specimens, A.R. about 0-75. Thorax yellow; stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron either reddish yellow or brown. Legs yellow or greenish, L.R. 2:4, Fic. 14. Male hypopygia of Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus). (a) T. pseudomancus with appendage 2a drawn separately; (b) T. capensis with appendage 2a drawn separately ; (c) T. lewisi with appendage 2a drawn separately; (d) T. veductus ; (e) T. linearis. beard and pulvilli absent, both combs of posterior tibia spurred. Wungs with posterior fork rather more distal than usual, macrotrichia present at extreme apices of cells R; and M, and as lines down the centre of one or both cells, vein M, with macrotrichia for about half its length ; halteres pale. Abdomen green and without 352 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA darker markings ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 14, d) with narrow anal point with about six dots at its base; appendage I small and reduced, 1a long by comparison and straight, 2a with fewer hairs than in some species. Female resembles male but wings more hairy ; macrotrichia reach back nearly to base of cell R;, there is a short line in cell M,, posterior fork is bordered anteriorly, there is a small patch in fork cell ; veins M,, Cu and An with macrotrichia. Holotype male in the British Museum, type locality CAPE PROVINCE: Berg River, Piquetberg. DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: series from Berg River, Piquetberg, Hermon, Cecilia’s Drift, Wellington. BELGIAN ConGo: 2 3, Kiavinionge (N. lac Ed.), ili.1953 (J. Verbeke); 1 3, Kasenyi (L. Albert), vii.1953 (J. Verbeke). SUDAN: 3 6, Amadi, vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). FRENCH WeEsT AFRICA: I 4, Haute Volta, nr. Banfora, xii. 1956 (J. Hamon). Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) linearis Freeman Tanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) linearis Freeman, 1954, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 23: 180. A small dark green species, stripes black, abdomen unmarked, wings with rather more macrotrichia than usual in the male, they are also present on fork and anal veins ; hypopygium differs from other species by the wide triangular anal point and broad appendage 1 which has 1a hardly longer. Male. Wing length 1-2 mm. Head, antennae and mouthparts black, A.R. 0-75. Thorax with dark green background ; stripes black and more or less separate, postnotum and sternopleuron black. Legs pale brown, L.R. about 1-8, tarsal beard absent. Wangs with macro- trichia present as patches at apices of cells R;, M, and M, and as lines in centres of cells R; (to the base) and M, (for half length of vein M,), along each side of posterior fork veins nearly to wing base and as a line along An; in addition there is a line of macrotrichia just inside the posterior margin ; posterior fringe rather long, veins M, Cu and An with macrotrichia. Halteres pale. Abdomen dark green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 14, ¢) with anal point broad and triangular, appendage 1 fairly broad, 1a hardly longer, 2a with long sparse hairs. Female not known. Holotype male and paratypes in the British Museum (type locality CAPE PROVINCE: Platteklip Gorge), no further material is known. Genus STEMPELLINA Bause Stempellina Bause, 1914, Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 2: 120; Goetghebuer, 1938, in Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13¢) : 96. Tanytarsus subg. Stempellina Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 419. Eyes bare, male antenna with only 11 distinct segments, small frontal tubercles present, scutellum with only two long bristles which are placed close together at the apex, tibial combs small and separate, only one armed with a slender spur, wings ——s ——— A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 353 cuneiform and lacking anal angle, fringe long, R,,; ending before or above tip of Maya: The species in this genus are all small or very small, the Palaearctic ones have larvae with a case-bearing habit similar to that of Zavrelia. The adults may easily be distinguished from Zavrelia by the bare eyes ; they are best separated from Tanytarsus by the wing shape and venation. KrEy TO AFRICAN SPECIES OF Stempellina L.R. 2:4-2°8, appendage 2a of male long and narrow (Text-fig. 15, a) chambiensis Goetghebuer L.R. 1-5, appendage 2a of male shorter and truncate (Text-fig. 15, 6). truncata sp. n. Stempellina chambiensis Goetghebuer Thienemanniella (sic !) chambiensis Goetghebuer, 1935, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 27 : 365. As explained in a previous Part of these Studies (Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 4: 365), I have examined the type series of both Thienemanniella chambiensis and trivittata Goetghebuer in Musée Royal du Congo Belge. There are six specimens, three under each species, each specimen bearing an author’s identification label. Goetghebuer does not mention the female of chambiensis but the specimen marked holotype is in fact a female and the allotype is a male. The third specimen under this species is a female of Thienemanniella trivittata. There is a third specimen of chambtensis (a male) labelled as the holotype of ¢vivittata, a species in which the holotype should be a female. It is obvious that there has been a good deal of muddle over the labelling of the specimens and I have decided that the three specimens of chambiensis are best treated as cotypes especially as no holotype is mentioned in the description. I have selected a male from Mugunga as the lectotype. Goetghebuer’s description and figure of the wing of chambiensis, with its longer costa and macrotrichia on the membrane, make it clear that the species does not belong to Thienemanniella. It is abundantly clear from the specimens (L.R. 2-4) that they do not even belong to the Corynoneurinae but to the Chironominae. The species is a typical member of the genus Stempellina, falling into Edwards’ group B, very similar structurally to the Palaearctic species S. minor Edwards but easily separated by the pale coloration, much smaller size (wing length 0-7 against 1-3) and greater leg ratio (2-4 or more against 1-6). It is a minute insect with dark knees, narrow wings, long wing-fringe and bare eyes; L.R. 2-4-2-8, A.R. only about 0°5. Male. Wing length 0-7 mm. Head pale, very small frontal tubercles present, eyes bare, dorsal narrow portion hardly developed so that eyes almost reniform ; antennae with 11 segments, segments quite short at base but progressively increasing until tenth is three times as long as wide ; eleventh segment three times length of tenth, A.R. 0:5. Thorax greenish white, mesonotal stripes separate ; stripes, sternopleuron and postnotum brownish yellow ; so far as can be seen scutellum with two bristles only. Legs pale, apices 354 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA of femora and knees darkened, tibial combs small, well separated, only one spur present which is long and curved ; L.R. 2-4-2-8, pulvilli absent. Wings cuneiform and with long hair fringe ; costa retracted, so that it is just basal to level of tip of M;,,, macrotrichia present at apex and as hair lines in cells R; and M,. Halteres dark. Abdomen brown; hypopygium (Text-fig. 15, a) very similar to S. minor Edwards ; anal point well developed, styles short, appendage I either as shown or rather more oval, 1a absent, 2a long, narrow and with simple hairs. Female very like the male; macrotrichia more numerous and hair lines extend nearer the wing base. Lectotype male, BELGIAN Conco: Parc National Albert, Cratére Mugunga, in Musée Royal du Congo Belge. DISTRIBUTION. BELGIAN ConGo: lectotype and paratype, Cratére Mugunga ; I 9, paratype, Escarpement Kabasha, Chambi, x.1933. SUDAN: 1 g, Amadi, vi-vii.1954 (E. T. M. Reid). TRANSVAAL: I g, nr. Nelspruit, ix.1954 (A. D. Harrison). Fic. 15. Male hypopygia of Stempellina and Zavrelia. (a) S. chambiensis ; (b) S. truncata ; (c) Z. kribiensis. Stempellina truncata sp. n. Darker than chambiensis and with higher antennal ratio and lower leg ratio, otherwise very similar in appearance; male hypopygium quite different, anal point with row of dots, appendage I curved and larger, appendage 2a short and blunt. Male. Wing length I-0 mm. Head brown, small frontal tubercles present, eyes bare and practically reniform, antennae brown, with 11 segments, A.R. nearly 1. Thorax brown, paler on the shoulders ; lines of bristles and prescutellar area pruinose. Legs brown, L.R. 1°5, pulvilli absent, Wzngs cuneiform and with long fringe, macrotrichia present at A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 355 apex, on veins and as lines around margin of anal cell and along centres of cells R, and M, almost to their bases; R,,, ending just basal to level of apex of Mg,,. Halteres brown. Abdomen dark brown; hypopygium (Text-fig. 15, 0) differing from chambiensis in the presence of a row of dots on the anal point and in the shorter, truncate appendage 2a ; styles stout, appendage 1 broad and curved. Female very similar to male, wings not more heavily covered with macrotrichia. Holotype male and 1 J, 1 9 paratypes CAPE PROVINCE: Berg River, Driefontein, xii.1954 (K. M. F. Scott). Further paratypes—NATAL: I 4, 2 9, Tugela River, Drakensburg, 5,000 ft., ix.1953 (A. D. Harrison). All specimens are in the British Museum. Genus ZAVRELIA Kieffer Zavrelia Kieffer, 1914, in Bause, Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 2: 73 ; Goetghbuer, 1938, im Lindner, Flieg. Pal. Reg. 3 (13c) : 95. Tanytarsus subg. Zavrelia Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77: 419. Eyes pubescent, male antenna with 11 segments, female antenna with 5 or 6 segments, small frontal tubercles present, scutellum with several marginal bristles, combs of tibiae small and separate, both with long slender spurs in the single African species, pulvilli absent, wings cuneiform, R,,, ending distinctly before level of tip of M3,4. The single African species falling into this genus differs from the Palaearctic species by the presence of a slender spur on each tibial comb, by the peculiar appear- ance of the male hypopygium and by the much broader wings. However, the pubescent eyes and short radius cause it to fall very easily into Zavrelia where I ami leaving it for the present. Discovery of the larva will show whether it resembles the Palaearctic species in the case-bearing larval habit. Zavrelia kribiensis Kieffer Zavrelia kribiensis Kieffer, 1923, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 92 : 167. A minute brown insect with greenish abdomen, wings thickly clothed all over with macrotrichia ; easily separated from other species of the Tribe by the pubescent eyes and by the reduced and narrow male styles. Although I have not seen the type which is probably lost, the thickly clothed wings and presence of two tibial spurs suggest that the Cape specimens are of the same species as Kieffer’s. Male. Wing length 0-9 mm. Head yellowish brown, antennae with 11 segments, A.R. about 0-5, eyes strongly pubescent, small frontal tubercles present. Thorax yellowish with brown stripes and postnotum ; dorso-central and acrostichal bristles long, scutellum with four long bristles. Legs pale yellowish brown, L.R. 1-8, pulvilli absent, tibial combs small and well separated, each with a long thin spur. Wzngs cuneiform, thickly clothed all over with macrotrichia ; R,,, ending well before level of apex of M;,,, halteres with dark tips. Abdomen either pale green or else with slightly darker bands at the incisures ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 15, c) highly characteristic and quite unlike the 356 A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA Palaearctic species nigritulus Goetghebuer; anal point stout, coxite rounded, appendage I greatly exaggerated, 1a absent, 2 sinuous, 2a bent and expanded at apex, especially in side view ; styles finger-like and with three long hairs at apex. Female similar to male in colour and wing structure, antennae with 6 segments, the last 2 subequal. The holotype female is probably lost, type locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi. DISTRIBUTION. CAPE PROVINCE: I 4, Berg River, Driefontein, xii.1954 and I g, 1 9, French Hoek Forest Reserve, iii.1955 (K. M. F. Scott). UNRECOGNIZED SPECIES AND GENERA OF TANYTARSINI DESCRIBED BY KIEFFER Tanytarsus africanus, 1913, Voy. All. Jean. Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1:26. Based on a pale male and female from KENYA: Taveta. Only a female remains in spirit in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; it was separated by Kieffer from other species by the moniliform antennal segments and fusion of segments 5 and 6. | T. misorus, 1913, tbid.: 26. Based on a pale female with dark knees from KENYA : Ramisi ; type not marked in the Paris Museum, but it is not impossible for it to be an earlier description of Stempellina chambiensis. T. tropicalis, 1913, tbid.: 27. Described from a yellow female from KENYA: Taveta ; again separated from others by details of antennae, in absence of males cannot be associated with known species. T. brachyopsis, 1913, tbid.: 27. The female type, which is in the Paris Museum, is pale with dark thoracic markings, type locality KENyA: Kijabe. Kieffer separated it from the others by the last antennal segment being twice as long as the preceding and by the wings being covered all over with macrotrichia. T. apicalis, 1913, tbid.: 28, was described from females, now in Paris Museum (KENYA: Taveta), which are yellow with brown thoracic markings, similar to brachyopsis, but separated from that species by the wing macrotrichia being confined to the apex. Knibtobius Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France, 90:31. This genus was erected to include a female now lost, with bare wings, two tibial spurs and 6-segmented antennae, the last segment being swollen basally and carrying a verticil. From the — leg proportions it seems possible that this was a species of Tanytarsus even though he mentions that the cross-vein was oblique and the membrane bare. However, species of Tanytarsus in spirit often have wings appearing bare and Kieffer was quite unreliable in his use of the term “‘ oblique’’ for the cross-vein, I am, therefore, — tentatively placing Kribiobius as an unknown genus of the Tanytarsini. | K. modestus, 1923, ibid. 92: 165; yellowish with thoracic markings sandy, length 2 mm., type female lost, locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi. Clinotanytarsus, 1921, ibid. 90: 34. This genus has no real points of difference from Tanytarsus except that the cross-vein is described as oblique. Following © Edwards (1929), I am assuming it to be a probable synonym. | C, nilicola, 1923, ibid, 92: 169 is the type species of the genus ; it is large, 3-3-2 — A STUDY OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE OF AFRICA 357 mm. long, the abdomen has brown incisures but the thoracic markings are pale ; no figure is given of the male hypopygium and I have not found it possible to identify the species from the material at my disposal. Type series lost, locality SUDAN: S. of Khartoum. Hexatanytarsus, 1921, ibid. 90: 34 is separated from Clinotanytarsus by the 6- segmented female antennae, very short empodium and single tibial spur. It is probably a synonym of Tanytarsus. H. albivadix, 1923, bid. 92: 170 was described from a whitish female with black- brown thoracic markings ; the wings were sparsely hairy in the distal part, posterior fork strongly distal to cross-vein ; type lost, locality FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi. Paratanytarsus Bause was used by Kieffer, 1923, 2b1d. 92: 171 for seven species of which all the types are lost. Six were known in the female only and no figure was given of the male hypopygium of that of which the male was known (hirtipes). P. hirtipes and niloticus were from SUDAN : Shambe ; longiceps, kribiensis, brevitilna, brevicornis and sessilis were from FRENCH CAMEROONS: Kribi. As with other species, he separated them on details of antennal and leg structure and also on mesonotal colour: I have not been able satisfactorily to recognize any of them. Tanytarsus nilobius, 1923, tbhid. 92: 176 was described from a yellowish female from SuDAN: Mongola; antennae with 5 segments, wings covered with macro- trichia, posterior fork well distal to cross-vein. It is not possible to recognize this species. ENTOM, 6, II. . 19 358 INDEX INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES IN STUDIES OF AFRICAN CHIRONOMIDAE, PARTS I-IV The Roman numeral refers to the Part and the Arabic to the page within that Part ; synonyms are in italics. Ablabesmyia, I, 20 and 35 abyssiniae, Polypedilum, IV, 279 aculeatus, Chironomus, III, 393 aculeatus, Chironomus, III, 386 acuminatus, Chironomus, III, 344 acutistilus, Chironomus, III, 352 acutus, Chironomus, III, 397 aegyptium, Polypedilum, IV, 281 aegyptius, Chironomus, III, 394 aequatoris, Chironomus, III, 367 africana, Thalassomyia, I, 66 africanus, Cardiocladius, II, 321 africanus, Chironomus, III, 339 africanus, Clunio, I, 65 africanus, Coelotanypus, I, 51 africanus, Tanytarsus, IV, 356 aivense, Polypedilum, IV, 281 Ahkiefferiella, 11, 338 albiclava, Trichocladius, II, 316 albicoxa, Stenochironomus, III, 414 albida, Polypedilum, IV, 299 albiforceps, Chironomus, III, 402 albipes, Stictochironomus, IV, 307 and 308 albiradix, Tanytarsus, IV, 357 albitalus, Procladius, I, 58 albitarse, Chironomus, III, 378 albitibia, Cricotopus, II, 306 alboguttatum, Polypedilum, IV, 287 albomarginatus, Chironomus, III, 341 albosignatum, Polypedilum, IV, 286 albus, Microtendipes, IV, 314 allansoni, Polypedilum, IV, 283 Allocladius, II, 346 alluaudi, Chironomus, III, 337 alpinus, Orthocladius, II, 336 alticola, Polypedilum, IV, 272 alticola, Polypedilum, IV, 304 anale, Polypedilum, IV, 303 analis, Thienemanniella, II, 365 Anatopynia, I, 44 angustistilus, Nanocladius, II, 341 angustus, Cricotopus, II, 312 angustus, Tanytarsus, IV, 335 annulaticrus, Microtendipes, IV, 316 annulatipes, Polypedilum, IV, 277 annulator, Pentaneura, I, 22 and II, 288 annulatum, Polypedilum, IV, 295 antennalis, Stenochironomus, III, 412 antennata, Thienemanniella, II, 367 anuke, Stictochironomus, IV, 307 apicalis, Chironomus, III, 341 apicalis, Procladius, I, 58 apicalis, Tanytarsus, IV, 356 appendiculata, Ablabesmyia, I, 40 apricus, Chironomus, III, 339 armatifrons, Polypedilum, IV, 288 ater, Chironomus, IV, 400 aterrimus, Tanytarsus, IV, 338 atomarius, Tanytarsus, IV, 337 atra, Smittia, III, 348 atriclava, Cricotopus, II, 305 atrocinctus, Tanytarsus, IV, 335 atroconus, Stenochironomus, III, 415 atrofasciatus, Chironomus, III, 404 aurantiacus, Pentaneura, I, 33 avicula, Chironomus, III, 353 Baeotendipes, III, 349 baeus, Chironomus, III, 406 balteatus, Tanytarsus, IV, 333 Belgica, I, 64 bellus, Chironomus, III, 335 benoiti, Metriocnemus, II, 302 bergensis, Cricotopus, II, 312 bergensis, Orthocladius, II, 331 bicinctum, Microtendipes, IV, 316 bicinctus, Pentaneura, I, 40 biclavatus, Chironomus, III, 348 biclavatus, Chironomus, III, 399 bifalcatum, Polypedilum, IV, 291 bifasciatus, Microtendipes, IV, 316 bifurcus, Tanytarsus, IV, 337 biloba, Nanocladius, II, 343 binotatus, Chironomus, III, 367 bipunctatus, Stenochironomus, III, 412 bipustulatum, Polypedilum, IV, 298 bipustulatus, Stenochironomus, III, 412 bisignatus, Stictochironomus, IV, 309 bizonatus, Cricotopus, II, 306 Boreochlus, I, 19 brachyopsis, Tanytarsus, IV, 356 bredoi, Chironomus, III, 369 brevibucca, Chironomus, III, 375 brevicornis, Chironomus, III, 351 brevicornis, Chironomus, III, 405 brevicornis, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357 brevimanus, Chironomus, III, 351 brevipalpis, Chironomus, III, 376 brevipalpis, Tanypus, I, 49 brevipecten, Polypedilum, IV, 285 brevipetiolatus, Procladius, I, 56 brevis, Limnophyes, II, 344 brevistilum, Polypedilum, IV, 273 brevitarsis, Nanocladius, II, 342 brevitibia, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357 brincki, Chaetocladius, II, 330 brincki, Chironomus, III, 399 brunneicornis, Polypedilum, IV, 295 brunnescens, Chironomus, III, 391 brunneum, Polypedilum, IV, 296 brunneus, Chironomus, III, 339 brunneus, Nanocladius, II, 340 Bryophaenocladius, II, 325 burgeoni, Chironomus, III, 375 caffrarium, Chironomus, III, 375 caffrarius, Chironomus, III, 339 caffrarius, Stictochironomus, IV, 307 calcaratus, Polypedilum, IV, 292 caligans, Chironomus, III, 378 calipterus, Chironomus, III, 343 callichirus, Chironomus, III, 341 Calochivonomus, III, 356 Calopsectra, IV, 343 caloptera, Microtendipes, IV, 316 calvescens, Polypedilum, IV, 300 camelus, Chironomus, III, 392 Camptocladius, II, 346 Camptohkiefferiella, 11, 338 canus, Metriocnemus, II, 297 capensis, Chironomus, III, 339 capensis, Metriocnemus, II, 301 capensis, Smittia, II, 359 capensis, Tanytarsus, IV, 349 capensis, Trichocladius, II, 317 capicola, Micropsectra, IV, 330 capicola, Smittia, II, 358 Cardiocladius, II, 321 Carteria, III, 356 Carteronica, III, 356 cereofasciatus, Trichocladius, II, 318 Chaetocladius, II, 325 chambiensis, Chironomus, III, 368 chambiensis, Stempellina, IV, 353 Charadromyia, I, 66 Chironomus, III, 329 chloronotus, Chironomus, III, 371 cinereithorax, Chironomus, III, 391 Cladopelma, III, 382 Cladotanytarsus, IV, 348 claripennis, Clinotanypus, I, 52 claviger, Nanocladius, II, 341 clavigera, Kribiodosis, IV, 324 Clinotanypus, I, 52 Clinotanytarsus, IV, 356 Clunio, I, 64 and 65 Coelotanypus, I, 50 collarti, Chironomus, III, 367 collavti, Pentaneura, I, 40 Collartiella, III, 418 comata, Pentaneura, I, 34 conicus, Metriocnemus, II, 298 conicus, Orthocladius, II, 332 congoensis, Pentaneura, I, 36 congolensis, Chironomus, III, 342 conigera, Smittia, II, 351 contracticornis, Pentaneura, I, 43 cordatus, Chironomus, III, 365 coronatus, Chironomus, III, 398 Corynoneura, II, 361 Cricotopus, II, 303 crispi, Chironomus, III, 374 cristata, Corynoneura, II, 363 INDEX crosskeyi, Paratendipes, III, 420 Cryptochironomus, III, 382 cygnus, Pentaneura, I, 24 Dactylocladius, II, 313 dampfi, Stictochironomus, IV, 307 decem-maculatum, Polypedilum, IV, 284 declivis, Polypedilum, IV, 289 deletum, Polypedilum, IV, 274 Demetjerea, III, 351 deribae, Chironomus, III, 395 dewulfi, Chironomus, III, 376 dewulfii, Corynoneura, II, 362 dewulfi, Metriocnemus, II, 300 dewulfi, Polypedilum, IV, 297 dewulfi, Tanypus, I, 49 dewulfit, Trichocladius, II, 314 dewulfianus, Chironomus, III, 397 Diamesa, I, 62 dibalteatus, Cricotopus, II, 312 diceras, Chironomus, III, 390 Dicrotendipes, III, 356 digitata, Pentaneura, I, 36 disparilis, Chironomus, III, 353 distans, Kribiodosis, IV, 324 duboisi, Chironomus, III, 335 duodecimpustulatum, Polypedilum, IV, 279 dusoleili, Pentaneura, I, 41 ealae, Chironomus, III, 369 eastopi, Chaetocladius, II, 330 edwardsi, Pentaneura, I, 28 edwardsi, Stenochironomus, III, 416 Einfeldia, III, 330 elongata, Corynoneura, II, 364 elongatum, Chironomus, III, 378 Endochironomus, III, 351 ephippium, Nanocladius, II, 342 ephippium, Polypedilum, IV, 292 Eretmoptera, I, 64 Eucorynoneura, II, 361 Eudactylocladius, I1, 325 Euhkiefferiella, 11, 338 Euphaenocladius, I1, 346 excerptus, Chaetocladius, II, 328 fasciata, Kribiodosis, IV, 324 fasciatipennis, Microtendipes, IV, 316 fasciatus, Chironomus, III, 346 fenestratum, Polypedilum, IV, 276 festivus, Stictochironomus, IV, 305 filitarsis, Polypedilum, IV, 276 jfimbriatum, Chironomus, III, 390 flava, Thienemanniella, II, 368 flavipes, Microtendipes, IV, 317 flaviventris, Chironomus, III, 401 flaviventris, Kribiodosis, IV, 324 flavozonatus, Cricotopus, II, 307 fletcheri, Metriocnemus, II, 297 fletcheri, Smittia, II, 348 flexistilus, Tanytarsus, IV, 342 forcipatus, Chironomus, III, 394 fordi, Metriocnemus, II, 301 forficula, Chironomus, III, 362 formosipennis, Chironomus, III, 345 fractilobus, Chironomus, III, 378 fulgens, Cricotopus, II, 304 359 360 fusca, Nilodosis, III, 407 fuscipenne, Polypedilum, IV, 188 fuscipennis, Telmatogeton, I, 66 fuscipes, Chironomus, III, 391 fuscitarsis, Chironomus, III, 386 fuscithorax, Kribiodosis, IV, 324 fuscoguttata, Lauterborniella, IV, 320 fusconotatus, Chironomus, III, 362 fuscum, Polypedilum, IV, 274 fuscus, Tanypus, I, 50 and II, 290 fuscus, Tanytarsus, IV, 347 fusiformis, Stictochironomus, IV, 309 Gillotia, III, 382 glabripennis, Polypedilum, IV, 296 gracilis, Knepperia, II, 360 graminicolor, Chironomus, III, 402 grisea, Nilodosis, III, 407 griseoguttatum, Polypedilum, IV, 284 griseonotatus, Chironomus, III, 362 griseosparsus, Chironomus, III, 362 griseovittatum, Chironomus, III, 364 guineensis, Chironomus, III, 336 guineensis, Smittia, IT, 353 guineensis, Tanytarsus, IV, 346 guineensis, Trichocladius, II, 316 guttatipennis, Tanypus, I, 49 Halirytus, I, 65 Halliella, III, 349 hamata, Smittia, II, 358 hamatus, Chironomus, IIT, 355 hamoni, Polypedilum, IV, 302 Harnischia, III, 382 harrisoni, Cricotopus, II, 305 harrisoni, Smittia, II, 355 harrisoni, Stenochironomus, III, 414 Harrisonina, II, 318 henvardi, Chironomus, III, 371 Henrardia, III, 408 Heptagyia, I, 62 hessei, Cardiocladius, II, 324 hetevostolus, Smittia, 357 hexastictus, Chironomus, III, 343 Hexatanytarsus, IV, 357 hieroglyphicum, Polypedilum, IV, 284 hirsti, Chironomus, III, 400 hirsuta, Collartiella, III, 418 hirsuta, Pentaneura, I, 31 hirtella, Smittia, II, 355 hirtipes, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357 Hulstaertiella, IV, 310 Hydrobaenus, II, 330 imicola, Chironomus, III, 346 imperforatus, Stictochironomus, IV, 306 incoloripenne, Polypedilum, IV, 276 inflexus, Chironomus, III, 403 interrupta, Pentaneura, I, 33 and II, 289 tvicolor, Chironomus, III, 345 ivis, Polypedilum, IV, 281 and 286 Isoplastus, I, 20 ituriensis, Nilodosis, III, 407 kibatiense, Polypedilum, IV, 294 kijabensis, Polypedilum, IV, 304 kikuyui, Chironomus, III, 405 INDEX kinangopi, Orthocladius, II, 337 kisantuensis, Cricotopus, II, 304 Knepperia, II, 351 kribiense, Polypedilum, IV, 298 kribiensis, Cricotopus, II, 306 kribiensis, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357 kribiensis, Pentaneura, I, 36 kribiensis, Stenochironomus, III, 412 kribiensis, Smittia, II, 359 kribiensis, Zavrelia, IV, 355 kribiicola, Chironomus, III, 368 Kribiobius, IV, 356 Kribiocallis, IV, 304 Kribiocharis, 1V, 268 and 310 Kribiocladius, I1, 364 Kribiocosmus, IV, 318 Kribiocryptus, III, 382 Kribiodorum, IV, 319 Kribiodosis, IV, 324 Kribiodoxa, III, 419 Kribiomimus, IV, 268 and 310 Kribiomyia, IV, 328 Kribionympha, IV, 268 Kribiopelma, IV, 298 Kribiophilus, IV, 268 Kribiothauma, IV, 327 Kribiotima, IV, 268 Kribioxenus, III, 424 Kribioxenus, IV, 328 lacteus, Clinotanypus, I, 54 lacteiforceps, Chironomus, III, 404 lacustris, Tanypus, I, 48 lacustris, Orthocladius, II, 337 lamprogaster, Microtendipes, IV, 312 Lasiodiamesa, I, 19 laterale, Polypedilum, IV, 292 latilobus, Chironomus, III, 371 latistilus, Cardiocladius, II, 322 Lauterborniella, IV, 319 lentiginosus, Microtendipes, IV, 315 Lepidopodus, IV, 327 leptogastrus, Chironomus, III, 343 leucochlorus, Chironomus, III, 338 leucolabis, Chironomus, III, 367 leucolabis, Polypedilum, IV, 276 leucopus, Chironomus, III, 387 lewisi, Chironomus, III, 394 lewisi, Tanytarsus, IV, 350 limnocharis, Polypedilum, IV, 296 Limnochironomus, III, 356 Limnophyes, ITI, 344 linea, Chironomus, III, 345 linearis, Chironomus, III, 343 linearis, Tanytarsus, IV, 352 lineola, Thienemanniella, II, 367 lindneri, Chironomus, III, 387 lobeliae, Metriocnemus, II, 296 lobiferum, Polypedilum, IV, 289 lobiger, Orthocladius, II, 332 Lobodiamesa, I, 62 longiceps, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357 longicornis, Chironomus, III, 339 longicosta, Smittia, 353 longicostalis, Smittia, II, 353 longicrus, Polypedilum, IV, 279 longiforceps, Polypedilum, IV, 288 longinervis, Pentaneura, I, 29 longinervis, Polypedilum, IV, 290 longipalpis, Kribiomyia, IV, 329 longipes, Pentaneura, I, 32 longiventris, Chironomus, III, 386 longiventris, Lauterborniella, IV, 322 longiventris, Polypedilum, IV, 288 luctuosus, Tanytarsus, IV, 339 luteipes, Microtendipes, IV, 318 Macropelopia, I, 44 maculatus, Clinotanypus, I, 54 maculipennis, Smittia, II, 349 maculosipennis, Tanypus, I, 48 maculosus, Procladius, I, 60 and II, 290 magna, Chironomus, III, 378 mahensis, Metriocnemus, II, 303 mahensis, Smittia, II, 353 marginatus, Pentaneura, I, 43 marmorata, Anatopynia, I, 45 Maoridiamesa, I, 62 © memillani, Tanytarsus, IV, 341 megalochirus, Orthocladius, II, 336 meilloni, Cricotopus, II, 311 meilloni, Pentaneura, I, 31 melaleuca, Pentaneura, I, 38: melaleucus, Chaetocladius, II, 327 melanophilus, Polypedilum, IV, 296 melanostola, Smittia, II, 357 melutensis, Chironomus, III, 398 metallescens, Trichocladius, II, 317 Metriocnemus, II, 294 micra, Pentaneura, I, 34 micra, Polypedilum, IV, 302 micans, Trichocladius, II, 314 Microcricotopus, II, 338 micronyx, Stenochironomus, III, 415 Micropsectra, IV, 330 Microtendipes, IV, 310 minimus, Pentaneura, I, 33 minor, Telmatogeton, I, 67 misorus, Tanytarsus, IV, 356 modestus, Kribiobius, IV, 356 monilis, Chironomus, III, 404 monitlis, Pentaneura, I, 41 multispinosus, Chironomus, III, 373 nairobii, Chironomus, III, 334 Nanocladius, II, 338 natalense, Polypedilum, IV, 273 natalensis, Chaetocladius, II, 328 natalensis, Limnophyes, II, 344 natalensis, Stictochironomus, IV, 306 neonilicola, Chironomus, III, 389 nigerrimus, Orthocladius, II, 335 nigra, Smittia, II, 349 nigra, Smittia, II, 352 nigratipes, Lepidopodus, IV, 326 nigricornis, Tanytarsus, IV, 345 nigripalpis, Clinotanypus, I, 52 nigritarse, Chironomus, III, 375 nigrocinctus, Tanytarsus, IV, 339 nigrocorporis, Chironomus, III, 387 nigrolineatus, Chironomus, III, 370 nigromarmorata, Pentaneura, £27 nigropunctatum, Chironomus, Ill, 379 nigrovittatus, Clinotanyus, I, 52 INDEX niliacus, Chironomus, III, 343 nilicola, Chironomus, III, 345, 362 and 389 nilicola, Orthocladius, II, 337 nilicola, Procladius, I, 59 nilicola, Tanytarsus, IV, 356 niligenus, Chironomus, III, 386 niligenus, Clinotanypus, I, 52 nilobius, Tanytarsus, IV, 357 Nilodorum, III, 374 Nilodosis, III, 406 Nilomyia, III, 382 nilophilus, Chironomus, III, 405 nilophilus, Stictochironomus, IV, 307 Nilotanypus, I, 20 nilotes, Chironomus, III, 405 Nilothauma, III, 424 nilotica, Pentaneura, I, 36 niloticum, Polypedilum, IV, 279 niloticus, Chironomus, III, 371 niloticus, Chironomus, III, 392 niloticus, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357 niloticus, Procladius, I, 59 nivalis, Chironomus, III, 341 niveiforceps, Polypedilum, IV, 278 nivetpluma, Nanocladius, II, 339 nocticolor, Polypedilum, IV, 296 nocticolor, Tanytarsus, IV, 336 noctivaga, Chironomus, III, 351 noctivagus, Procladius, I, 59 novemgutiatum, Polypedilum, IV, 278 nubilipennis, Paratendipes, III, 422 nudiforceps, Chironomus, III, 404 obscurus, Cricotopus, II, 311 obscurus, Tanypus, I, 50 obsoletum, Polypedilum, IV, 274 octomaculatum, Pentaneura, I, 28 octomaculatum, Polypedilum, IV, 277 octostictum, Polypedilum, IV, 277 oculare, Chironomus, III, 405 ocularis, Chironomus, III, 406 Odontomesa, I, 62 oliffi, Cardiocladius, II, 322 ornatipennis, Polypedilum, IV, 272 ornatipes, Kribiocosmus, IV, 319 Orthocladius, II, 330 Orthosmittia, II, 346 ovazzai, Chironomus, III, 350 ovazzai, Pentaneura, II, 289 oxylabis, Chironomus, III, 345 pallida, Polypedilum, IV, 299 pallidinervis, Polypedilum, IV, 290 pallidipes, Lauterborniella, IV, 323 pallidissima, Pentaneura, I, 30 pallidissimus, Tanytarsus, IV, 337 pallidissimus, Tanytarsus, IV, 338 pallidulus, Kribioxenus, IV, 328 pallidulus, Tanytarsus, IV, 333 pallidus, Chaetocladius, II, 330 palpalis, Chironomus, III, 346 palpalis, Pentaneura, I, 32 palpalis, Pentaneura, II, 289 palustris, Chironomus, III, 345 pandani, Polypedilum, IV, 295 Paraclunio, I, 65 Paracorynoneura, II, 361 362 Parakiefferiella, II, 338 Paratanytarsus, IV, 357 Paratendipes, III, 419 Parochlus, I, 19 penicillatus, Chironomus, III, 374 Pentaneura, I, 20 Pentapedilum, IV, 298 Pentapelma, IV, 268 peringueyanus, Chironomus, III, 364 peringueyi, Chironomus, III, 337 petersi, Anatopynia, I, 47 petricola, Harrisonina, II, 319 Phaenocladius, II, 346 pictipenne, Nilothauma, ITI, 425 pictipennis, Chironomus, III, 361 pictipennis, Polypedilum, IV, 279 pictipes, Pentaneura, I, 43 pictiventris, Chironomus, III, 345 pictiventris, Cricotopus, II, 310 pictus, Chironomus, ITI, 365 pilosimanus, Chironomus, III, 360 plumbeus, Cricotopus, II, 306 pluriguttatum, Stictochironomus, IV, 307 Podonomus, I, 19 polychaetus, Stenochironomus, III, 412 Polypedilum, IV, 266 polytomus, Procladius, I, 60 pretorianus, Orthocladius, II, 336 pretorianus, Trichocladius, II, 316 Procladius, I, 56 Prodiamesa, I, 62 productus, Chaetocladius, II, 329 Protanypus, I, 62 Protenthes, I, 47 pruina, Polypedilum, IV, 280 Psammathiomyia, I, 65 Psectrocladius, II, 324 Psectrotanypus, I, 20 and 44 Pseudodiamesa, I, 62 pseudolabis, Chironomus, III, 387 pseudomancus, Tanytarsus, IV, 348 Pseudorthocladius, II, 330 Pseudosmittia, II, 346 Psilotanypus, I, 56 pubescens, Chironomus, III, 402 pulchellum, Kribiothauma, IV, 327 pulcher, Chironomus, III, 334 pulchra, Lauterborniella, IV, 321 pullatus, Chironomus, III, 401 pumilio, Chironomus, III, 406 puripennis, Stictochironomus, IV, 307 puripennis, Stictochironomus, IV, 309 pustulatus, Stenochironomus, III, 417 pygmaeus, Chironomus, III, 406 pygmaeus, Stenochironomus, III, 410 quadrifasciatus, Cricotopus, II, 310 quadrispinosa, Henrardia, III, 409 quatuordecimpunctatus, Chironomus, III, 361 quatuorpunctatum, Chironomus, III, 362 quinqueguttatum, Polypedilum, IV, 279 ramiferum, Polypedilum, IV, 285 rectilobus, Smittia, II, 351 veductus, Chironomus, III, 402 veductus, Orthocladius, II, 332 INDEX veductus, Pentaneura, I, 43 reductus, Tanytarsus, IV, 350 regalis, Chironomus, III, 373 reginae, Chironomus, III, 346 reidi, Chironomus, III, 399 reidi, Paratendipes, III, 421 reidi, Procladius, I, 61 remotissima, Pentaneura, I, 35 Rheotanytarsus, IV, 346 rhodesiae, Chironomus, III, 406 rhodesianus, Chironomus, III, 400 rodriguensis, Cricotopus, II, 306 Rosenia, IV, 298 rostratiforceps, Chironomus, III, 343 rostrifer, Chironomus, III, 347 ruandae, Polypedilum, IV, 299 rudebecki, Chironomus, III, 400 rufa, Pentaneura, I, 40 rugosum, Chironomus, III, 378 rugosus, Clinotanypus, I, 55 rutshuruensis, Microtendipes, IV, 314 rutshuruensis, Pentaneura, I, 27 ruwenzoriensis, Chaetocladius, II, 328 ruwenzoriensis, Diamesa, I, 62 salti, Smittia, II, 349 sancti-benedicti, Orthocladius, II, 337 sancti-pauli, Telmatogeton, I, 66 satchelli, Chironomus, III, 338 satchelli, Microtendipes, IV, 312 schoutedeni, Chironomus, III, 370 schultzei, Chironomus, III, 348 schwetzi, Anatopynia, I, 45 schwetzi, Chironomus, III, 334 scottae, Cricotopus, II, 312 scotti, Chironomus, ITI, 335 scottt, Corynoneura, II, 362 scotti, Metriocnemus, II, 298 scotti, Polypedilum, IV, 297 sensualis, Chironomus, IIT, 334 septemguttatum, Pentaneura, I, 28 septemguttatum, Polypedilum, IV, 279 sessilis, Paratanytarsus, IV, 357 sexguttatum, Polypedilum, IV, 279 seychelleanus, Chironomus, III, 341 and 367 seychellensis, Corynoneura, II, 364 seydeli, Chironomus, III, 347 seydeli, Paratendipes, III, 424 similis, Orthocladius, II, 334 sinuatus, Chironomus, III, 393 Smittia, II, 346 spadiceonotatus, Tanytarsus, IV, 341 spatuliger, Stenochironomus, III, 410 speciosus, Chironomus, III, 361 spinosa, Limnophyes, II, 344 Stempellina, IV, 352 Stenochironomus, III, 409 Stictochironomus, IV, 304 stictoptera, Paratendipes, III, 423 stictoptera, Stictochironomus, IV, 305 stilatum, Chironomus, III, 375 stilatum, Polypedilum, IV, 294 stilifer, Chironomus, III, 395 striata, Paratendipes, III, 423 subconfluens, Polypedilum, IV, 291 subfusiformis, Chironomus, III, 405 subnigra, Smittia, II, 352 subovatus, Chironomus, III, 390 subovatum, Polypedilum, IV, 282 subrecta, Pentaneura, I, 36 subreflexens, Tanytarsus, IV, 344 subtrilobata, Smittia, II, 357 sudanicus, Chironomus, III, 365 sudanicus, Cricotopus, II, 308 surdellus, Chironomus, III, 376 Syndiamesa, I, 62 tangae, Chironomus, III, 335 taitae, Microtendipes, IV, 316 Tanypus, I, 20 Tanypus, I, 47 Tanytarsus, IV, 331 tavetae, Chironomus, III, 343 teesdalei, Pentaneura, I, 26 Telmatogeton, I, 65 and 66 tenuimanus, Polypedilum, IV, 290 tenuitarsis, Polypedilum, IV, 276 Tethymyia, I, 64 tetraleucus, Chironomus, III, 348 Thalassomyia, I, 65 Thienemanniella, II, 364 tinctoria, Pentaneura, I, 26 transvaalensis, Chironomus, III, 339 Trichocladius, II, 303 Trichocladius, II, 313 Trichotanypus, I, 19 Trichotanypus, I, 47 and 56 tricinctellus, Cricotopus, II, 308 tricolor, Pentaneura, I, 36 tridens, Polypedilum, IV, 282 trifascia, Pentaneura, I, 25 trifidus, Chironomus, III, 391 trifidus, Tanytarsus, IV, 343 trilabis, Chironomus, III, 362 trilobatum, Polypedilum, IV, 280 Tripedilum, IV, 268 Tripodura, IV, 268 tripunctatus, Chironomus, III, 334 INDEX 363 trisetosus, Chironomus, III, 381 trispinosa, Stenochironomus, III, 410 Trissoclunio, I, 66 trivittata, Thienemanniella, II, 365 tropicalis, Chironomus, III, 405 tropicalis, Tanytarsus, IV, 356 tropicum, Polypedilum, IV, 280 truncata, Stempellina, IV, 353 ugandae, Chironomus, III, 380 umbrosus, Microtendipes, IV, 313 umbrosus, Procladius, I, 56 unicalcar, Chironomus, III, 401 unicolor, Anatopynia, I, 46 uniformis, Pentaneura, I, 30 van-bemmeli, Polypedilum, IV, 284 vanderplanki, Polypedilum, IV, 297 vaneyent, Chironomus, III, 335 varitforceps, Pentaneura, I, 43 verbekei, Clinotanypus, II, 290 verbekei, Cricotopus, II, 313 violaceus, Lauterborniella, IV, 321 viridescens, Psectrocladius, II, 325 viridiventris, Chironomus, III, 386 vitellinus, Nanocladius, II, 339 vitshumbiensis, Chironomus, III, 376 vittatum, Polypedilum, IV, 300 wittei, Metriocnemus, II, 295 wittei, Polypedilum, IV, 301 woodi, Chironomus, III, 355 wulfi, Smittia, II, 354 xanthostolus, Smittia, II, 357 Xenochironomus, III, 380 zariae, Tanytarsus, IV, 342 Zavrelia, IV, 355 Zavreliella, IV, 319 PLATE 1 Wings of females of Polypedilum (Polypedilum). (a) P. alticola; (b) P. natalense ; (c) P. deletum; (da) P. tenwitarsis ; (e) P. annulatipes; (f) P. abyssiniae ; (g) P. quinque- guttatum ; (h) P. longicrus; (i) P. tropicum; (j) P. pruina; (k) P. aegyptium ; (1), (m), (n), (0) variations of P. griseoguttatum ; (p) P. ramiferum ; (q) P. albosignatum ; (vr) P. albo- guttatum. Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 6, 11 PLATE 3 PA Av Be 2 Wings of Chironomini, all females except for (f) and (7). (a) Stictochironomus festivus festivus ; (b) S. festivus imperforatus ; (c) S. caffrarius ; (d) S. fusiformis ; (e) S. bisignatus ; (f) Microtendipes umbrosus ; (g) M. albus; (h) M. taitae; (1) M. lentiginosus holotype; (j) M. lentiginosus paratype; (k) and (1) M. bifasciatus; (m) Kribiocosmus ornatipes ; (n) Lauterborniella fuscoguttata; (0) L. pulchra; (p) L. longiventris; (q) L. pallidipes ; (v) Knibiothauma pulchellum. Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 6, 11 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE L. B. PROUT BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 12 LONDON : 1958 ace he st ‘ ‘aCe ad NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE BY. L. B. PROUT. rug. Pp. 365-463 ; 72 Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 12 LONDON: 1958 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become veady. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 6, No. 12 of the Entomological serves. os SO e\ ~ 2SEP 1958 | / a © Trustees of the British Museum, 1958 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued August, 1958 Price Twenty-eight Shillings : NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE By L. B. PROUT PARTI, [Plates 29-34, 36-41 and plate 50 of volume 12 of Seitz, Macrolepidoptera of the World, were published without all the relevant text, the only copy of the manuscript being destroyed during the war. In order to validate the names of those new species which were figured on these plates, descriptions have been prepared from Mr. Prout’s notes and papers, which came to this department after his death. Revised descriptions with comparative notes and full type data have been included for a number of species described in the German edition of vol. 12, and published in 1940-41. All the specimens listed are in the British Museum (Natural History) with the single exception of the type of Chloroclystis antarctica Hudson ab. hudsoni ab. n., which is in the collection of Mr. G. V. Hudson in New Zealand. Part I also includes a legend to all the species illustrated on the plates listed above : due to the war Mr. Prout did not have the opportunity of correcting proof copies of these plates, which were printed in Germany, and they appeared with a number of the names wrongly spelt or transposed. With the exception of those species described in the following pages, each name is followed by the date of its original publication. The colour names used in the descriptions are taken from Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature.—D. S. Fletcher, Dept. of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History).] Eustroma hampsoni sp. n. (Pl. 31 : A as tnterplagata) Cidaria interplagata Guenée Hampson nec Guenée, 1895, Moths of India, 3: 358. Guenée’s type of Cidaria interplagata (1858) has proved to be a species of Arichanna closely related to A. ramosa Walker (1866) in the subfamily Ennominae. The species which Hampson described very fully in the Moths of India, based on a single male from Sikkim, has therefore been renamed. Pareustroma conisecta Prout (Pier ©) 32 36-38 mm. Face, head, thorax and abdomen cinnamon buff irrorate with fuscous ; basal halves of patagia and tegulae fuscous ; thorax with a large fuscous spot medially. Fore wing mummy brown. Basal fascia double and fuscous, ENTOM. 6. 12. 20 368 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE marked on anterior half of wing only ; proximal line slender, distal line broad. Medial area shaped as illustrated, fuscous ; subterminal fascia consists of pale interneural spots ; termen slenderly and brokenly fuscous. Hind wing cartridge buff irrorate with fuscous, rather more densely in the terminal area. Distinguished from the other species in the genus by the smooth, diagonal, proximal margin of the very distinctly shaped medial area. W. Curina: Tien-Tsuen, 1903 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), 2 3, 2 Q, including holotype and allotype ; Ta-tsien-lou, 1910 (Chasseurs indigénes), I 3. THIBET : Frontiére orientale, 1905 (Chasseurs indigénes du P. Déjean), 1 Q. Lobogonodes multistriata tensa Prout (PU, at's DD} Differs from m. multistriata Butler (1889) in the suffusion of both wings with fuscous black ; as a result the white pattern is more sharply contrasted with the ground colour. Inp1A : Assam, Shillong (H. M. Parish), holotype 3; ibid., 17.viii.1909, 2 Q, including allotype. Lobogonodes complicata dactylotypa Prout (PL 31: D) Differs from c. complicata Butler (1879) in the suffusion of both wings with fuscous black ; the ochraceous tawny colouring, which, in the nominate subspecies extends proximad from the termen to the postmedial fascia, is completely suppressed. FormosA : Kanshirei, 1,000 ft., 10.v.1908 (A. E. Wileman), holotype ¢; 7bid., 14.v.1908, I g; 23.vi.1908 allotype 2; I9.vili.1908, I g; 12.x.1908, I 9. Hysterura vacillans Prout (PL. $2: C) 3 33-36 mm. Fore wing cinnamon buff with a hair tuft on the underside as in H. cervinaria Moore (1867) ; basal third of wing transversed by four parallel fasciae, each consisting of interneural spots of varying sizes, which are fuscous slenderly ringed with cartridge buff ; medial area similarly coloured, shaped as in illustration, trifurcate costad ; subterminal fascia fuscous, strongly marked from costa to vein R,, edged and slenderly divided along vein Sc; by cartridge buff, then marked by four similarly coloured spots of smaller size, one between veins R, and R, and three posterior of vein M,. Apical streak fuscous edged with cartridge buff. Hind wing slightly angled at vein M,, tilleul buff; termen slenderly fuscous. Differs from cervinaria Moore in the slightly angled hind wing and in the distinctive shape of the medial area of the fore wing. W. Cuina : Ta-tsien-lou, 1910 (Chasseurs indigénes), holotype g; Siao-Lou, 1902 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), I 3. THIBET : Frontiére orientale, 1905 (Chasseurs indigénes du P. Déjean), I 3. NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 369 Hysterura protagma Prout (Pi 9n sD) 6 38 mm. Fore wing with a tuft of long, pale ochraceous buff hair along the underside of the inner margin ; the upperside is light vinaceous cinnamon irrorate with fuscous proximad of the postmedial fascia and with cinnamon brown distad of it and terminad between vein R, and the tornus ; basal third of wing with four parallel fasciae consisting of fuscous spots ringed with cartridge buff ; medial area similarly coloured, consisting of one triangular patch posterior of the lower median vein and several spots anterior of it ; subterminal fascia, distally dentate from costa to vein R,, fuscous edged with cartridge buff, then marked as spots, one between veins R, and R, and three between M, and the inner margin ; two similar spots near apex, one between veins Sc, and Sc, and one between Sc, and R,. Hind wing acutely angled and slightly produced between veins R, and M,, pale drab suffused with light vinaceous cinnamon in posterior half ; termen cinnamon brown ; postmedial fascia and anterior half of subterminal fascia pale ; posterior half of subterminal fascia represented posterior of vein R, by fuscous spots ringed with warm buff. Distinguished from other known species by the size and colour of the tuft along the inner margin of the underside of the fore wing, by the pattern of the medial area and the subterminal fascia of the fore wing, and by the acute angling of the hind wing. Inp1A : Assam, Cherrapunji, i.1894, holotype 3; Khasia Hills, 2 3. Burma : East Pegu, 4-5,000 ft., ili-iv.1890 (W. Doherty), 1 3. Hysterura protagma agaura Prout 642mm. Differs from £. protagma in its larger size and in the brighter and more intense cinnamon brown irroration distad of the medial area and terminad between vein #, and the tornus of the fore wing. Formosa : Arizan, 7,300 ft., 28.i11.1908 (A. E. Wileman), holotype ¢. Amnesicoma albiseriata condigna Prout Differs from @. albiseriata Warren (1893) in the more clearly marked, white transverse fasciae, and in the reduction of the white cell marks on the fore wing to two small spots. TIBET : Chumbitang, 13,000 ft., 25.vii.1924 (Maj. R. W. G. Hingston), holotype 3; Chumbi Valley, r ¢. Photoscotosia indecora Prout (Plgr 6 49mm.; 947mm. Hair tuft on underside of fore wing in male cartridge buff, short, extending to just beyond level of mid-cell. Both wings fuscous. Fore wing very lightly irrorate with olive buff; basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae white ; subterminal fascia white, represented by longitudinal dashes between the veins ; terminal interneural dots and apical streak warm buff; cell spot elongate and white, cut by veins Sc;, R, and R,; and additional white spot is situate close to 370 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE lower median vein between veins M, and M,. On the hind wing the postmedial fasciae are white, weakly marked. Distinguished from P. amplicata Walker (1862) by the small white hair tuft on the underside of the fore wing in the male and by the uniformly fuscous hind wing in both sexes. THIBET : Kharta, 12,000 ft., 30.vii.1921 (G. H. Bullock), holotype g; Kama Valley, 12,000 ft., 27.vili.Ig2r (A. F. R. Wollaston), allotype 9. Photoscotosia prosenes Prout (PL. 952 By 39 44mm. Underside of male fore wing with a fuscous hair tuft along the middle of the lower median vein, partially covering a large area of black scaling situate medially in the posterior half of the wing. Fore wing cartridge buff densely irrorate with light grayish olive ; transverse fasciae, medial area and subterminal area shading to drab, ill-defined ; subterminal area edged distally by a white, lunulate fascia, represented posterior of vein R, by interneural spots only ; between the medial and the subterminal areas the veins are warm buff. Hind wing cartridge buff, termen and anal margin light grayish olive ; subterminal fascia faintly marked by white interneural spots posterior of vein R,; termen slenderly warm buff. Distinguished from the rather similarly coloured P. palaearctica fusca Staudinger (1901) by the smaller hair tuft on the underside of the male fore wing and by the lack of brown irroration on the upperside of both wings. T1BET : Rongshar Valley, 12,500 ft., 25.vii.1g21 (A. F. R. Wollaston), holotype 6 and allotype 9. Photoscotosia dipegaea Prout (PL ar 3G) 3g 50mm. Underside of fore wing with a large patch of black scales covered by a tuft of long hair and situate medially posterior of the lower median vein. Fore wing cartridge buff irrorate with ochraceous tawny and fuscous, very lightly proximad of the antemedial fascia, in the proximal anterior fourth of the medial area, immediately distad of the postmedial fascia and at the apex ; basal and ante- medial fasciae broad and straight, the latter strongly marked ; postmedial fascia slender and dentate ; all fasciae fuscous ; cell spot very slender. Hind wing cartridge buff, termen and anal margin lightly irrorate with fuscous ; subterminal fascia represented by pale interneural spots posterior of vein R,. Distinguished at once by the broad, straight, antemedial fascia and by the slender, pale, contrasting fascia distad of the postmedial on the fore wing. SW. Curna: Yunnan, Mekong-Yangtse Divide E. of Tsekou, Pei-ma-shan, 14,000 ft., 23.vii.1922 (Prof. J. W. Gregory), 2 3, including holotype. Photoscotosia annubilata Prout (Pl. 31 : H) $50 mm. Underside of fore wing with a hair tuft extending along the lower median vein ; the hair is light buff tipped fuscous. Upperside of fore wing as in P. nubilata Moore (1888). Hind wing: anterior proximal fourth white, apex NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 371 warm buff, remainder fuscous ; the subterminal and the double postmedial fasciae are white and marked at the anal margin only. Differs from the closely related nubilata in lacking the patch of black scales beneath the hair tuft and in the pattern of the hind wing, in lacking the broad, warm buff costal area of that species. INDIA : Sikkim, 12,000 ft. (Ex coll. H. J. Elwes), holotype 3. Photoscotosia polysticha Prout CP1,32-2 A) 3 48-50 mm. ; 2 54-56 mm. Darker than P. pallifasciaria Leech (1897), with which it had been confused by Hampson in the B.M. collection. Perhaps better compared with the well-known P. atrostrigata Bremer (1864), from which it differs in the fore wing in the marked russet suffusion ; in the female the single, broad basal fascia and in the male the many fine basal fasciae are straighter ; in both sexes the antemedial is less sinuous, the postmedial has a single, shallow inward curve between veins #, and M, and the posterior lunules are also shallow ; the subterminal fascia is more punctiform, the spot posterior of vein SM, being larger in the female than in the male. Hind wing nearly as in atrosirigata, but having the terminal area suffused with russet and the irregularly marked subterminal fascia punctiform instead of lunulate. INDIA : Sikkim, Yatong (Bingham), I 3, 2 9, including holotype and allotype. TIBET : Yatung (A. E. Hobson), 1 3, 4 9; Kama Valley, 10,000 ft., 24. viii. 1921 (A. F. R. Wollaston), t § ; Chumbi Valley, Dopenri, 1 9. Photoscotosia isosticta Prout (Pl. 3228) 32 44-50 mm. Similar in colour and pattern to P. miniosata Walker (1862), but differs in the fore wing ; proximad of the antemedial fascia, which is angled in the posterior corner of the cell, the wing is uniformly suffused with fuscous. Differs also in the hind wing ; in the male there is more white anteriorly and in the female there is a dentate postmedial fascia. The species is at once recognizable by the underside of the fore wing ; the fuscous terminal and apical suffusion is extended proximad along the costa to absorb the large fuscous spot at two-thirds costa, which is so conspicuously isolated in miniosata. W. CHINA : Siao-Lou, 1903 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), 13 3, 2 2 includ- ing holotype and allotype ; Ta-tsien-lou, 1906 (Chasseurs indigenes), I 3, I Q; tbid., IgI0, I g ; Tien-Tsuen, 1903 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), 3 3, I 9. THIBET : Frontiére orientale, 1906 (Chasseurs indigénes du P. Déjean), 3 3, 2 &. Photoscotosia prasinotmeta Prout (Pl. 32 <5) - $¢50mm. Similar in wing shape and pattern to P. propugnataria Leech (1897) but distinguishable from the male of that species by the colour of the hind wing ; the proximal two-thirds of the anterior half is white, the distal third is orange buff ; the posterior half is fuscous suffused terminally with russet. In propugnataria only the anterior third of the hind wing is white and the apex is straw yellow ; the only orange buff colouring is confined to a small area distad of the discocellulars and the termen is suffused with russet only near the apex. W. CuinaA : Ta-tsien-lou, 1899 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), holotype 2. THIBET : 1897 (Chasseurs Thibetains—ex P. Déjean), 1 3. 372 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE q . | . 1 ] Calleulype compositata apothetica Prout Differs from c. compositata Guenée (1858) in the loss of all or nearly all the fuscous pattern on the terminal fourth of the hind wing anterior of vein R, ; in some speci- mens the transverse fasciae on the fore wing are broadened and fused. W. Cuina : Tse Kou, 1895 (R. P. Dubernard), holotype ¢ ; Ta-tsien-lou, 7,500 ft., vii. 1889 (A. E. Pratt), 1 3; Ta-tsien-lou, 1906 (Chasseurs indigénes), I 3, I 93 Siao-Lou, 1903 (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), 1 9; Ichang, 2 g, I 9. THIBET : Frontiére orientale, 1906 (Chasseurs indigénes du P. Déjean), I &. Gandaritis flavata postscripta Prout 3 79-83 mm. Fore wing with medial area placed more proximally than in f. flavata Moore (1867) ; the ante- and postmedial fasciae are double as in f/f. flavata, but the two lines of each fascia are wider apart. The hind wing has a conspicuous subterminal shade extending from vein R, to the anal angle, ill-defined distally but sharply defined proximally, where it is strongly dentate with acute teeth pointing proximad on the veins. CuiInA : Yunnan, Wei-Si, i.1917 (Péve Ouvrard), 2 3 including holotype. Dysstroma ceprona (Swinhoe) ab. rufescens Prout A form parallel to Dysstroma truncata (Hufnagel) ab. rufescens Strom ; the fore wing is suffused with ochraceous tawny between the antemedial and the subterminal fasciae, anterior of vein SM. W. Sumatra : Korinchi, 7,300 ft., v.1914 (Robinson & Kloss), holotype 9. Philereme vashti basilis Prout Differs from v. vashti Butler (1878) in the browner, less black colour of the wings, which are fuscous ; those of v. vashti are fuscous black. Between the costa and vein R, on both the upper- and undersurfaces of the fore wing, the postmedial fascia is broadly and conspicuously cartridge buff ; in v. vashid it is scarcely traceable and often wanting. W. Curna : Che-tou, 11,070 ft., vii-viii. 1890 (Native coll.), 2 3 including holotype ; Pu-tsu-fong, 9,820 ft., vi-vii. 1890 (Native coll.), 1 3; ibid., 8-10,000 ft., vii. 1890, I J; So wl NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 373 Ta-tsien-lou, 65 3, 43 2; Siao-Lou, 1900 (Chasseurs indigenes), 5 3, 10 9; Moupin, I 2; Szechuan, Kunkala-shan, I ¢. THIBET : Frontiére orientale (Chasseurs indigénes du P. Déjean), 26 3, 6 9. Triphosa acyrota Prout (Pi.-33 : C) 3S 41-43 mm.; 29 44 mm. Male. Fore wing wood brown to avellaneous, lightly but evenly irrorate with fuscous ; sub-basal, basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae broad, dentate and fuscous ; the ante- and postmedial fasciae are sharply defined in the anterior half of the wing, the postmedial being strongly toothed distad between veins R, and M, ; proximad of the subterminal fascia, which is cartridge buff and punctiform, there is an area of fuscous; cell spot fuscous. Hind wing uniformly wood brown to avellaneous, the postmedial fascia fuscous, but marked only at the anal margin. In the female the ground colour of both wings is cartridge buff and the transverse fasciae are as a result more sharply defined. Similar in size to T. rantaizanensis Wileman (1916), but more sharply marked and with the postmedial fascia of the fore wing more strongly toothed between veins R, and M. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: N. Luzon, 5-6,000 ft. (Whitehead), 2 3, I 9, including holotype and allotype. Triphosa praesumtiosa Prout (PL-33").E) 62 47-51 mm. Rather larger than T. rantaizanensis Wileman (1916), which has a wing span of 42-44 mm. The wings are less dark than in that species, being similar in colour and pattern to the preceding species, though not so glossy and more strongly marked ; on the fore wing the anterior projection of the postmedial fascia is a little stronger and the fuscous costal area proximad of the subterminal fascia is more strongly marked. In the male genitalia the uncus in vantatzanensis is evenly curved from base to tapered apex ; in praesumtiosa it is broadened from base to middle, then sharply narrowed by one-half and tapered to the apex. Formosa : Rantaizan, 10-11.v.1909 (A. E. Wileman), 2 3, 2 2, including holotype and allotype. Triphosa empodia Prout (PicasG) Larentia albiplaga Oberthuy Hampson nec Oberthur, 1895, Moths of India, 3: 370 (part). 6 40-42 mm.; 2 50 mm. Fore wing bister, basal, medial and terminal areas fuscous ; basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae very lightly irrorate with white ; medial fascia similarly irrorate in a few examples ; cell spot slender, fuscous black, followed distally in some examples by a small area of white ; subterminal fascia white and punctiform, the spot between veins R, and /, often being large. Hind 374 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE wing bister ; fringes chequered with white in anterior half of the wing ; postmedial and subterminal fasciae slenderly white in some examples. Underside : fore wing bister with two areas of white, one distad of the discocellulars extending to the faintly marked postmedial fascia, the other distad of the postmedial fascia between veins R, and M, ; hind wing similar to the upperside. Differs from T. hydatoplex Prout (1938) in the reduction of the white markings on the fore wing. INDIA : Sikkim, 13,000 ft., 1887 (Coll. H. J. Elwes), holotype 9 ; Sikkim, Yatong, 1894 (Dudgeon), 1 2; Kashmir Valley, vii.1903 (Ward), 1 3. TIBET: Yatung (A. E. Hobson), 5 3; Rongshar Valley, 12,500 ft., 25.vil. 1921 (A. F. R. Wollaston), 3 3. BHUTAN : I 4. Triphosa macroprora Prout (Pl. 33 : G) 642mm. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Fore wing light buff irrorate with warm buff and bister ; ante- and postmedial fasciae broad, densely bister ; a similar fascia is situate proximad of the pale buff, lunulate subterminal fascia ; termen slenderly fuscous proximad, warm buff distad between the veins with minute warm buff dots at the vein ends. Hind wing tilleul buff irrorate with bister, very lightly proximad, densely distad ; apex warm buff; double postmedial fascia marked at the anal margin only ; subterminal fascia and termen as on fore wing. Related to T. dubiosata Walker (1862), differing in its brown instead of grey colour and in the length of the palpus ; in dubiosata it is one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon, subprov. Benguet, Pauai, Haight’s Place, 7,000 ft., 3.xii.1912 ( A. E. Wileman), holotype 2. Triphosa luteimedia Prout (Fl. 33 3:34) 52 43-45 mm. Fairly broad winged especially in the female. Palpus moderate as in T. dubiosata Walker (1862), or scarcely longer. Fore wing more mixed with white than in T. confusaria Leech (1897), well variegated and scarcely glossy, the colouring about as in medium Entephria caesiata Schiffermiiller (vol. 4, pl. 9 : F); the wing is white lightly irrorate with mouse gray to fuscous ; sub-basal, basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae broad, more densely fuscous, especially costad ; terminal fourth densely fuscous and divided by the lunulate white subterminal fascia, which is more or less enlarged into a spot in part of the median fold and sometimes again posterior of it, but this latter spot is not a marked feature ; medial area more or less irrorate with straw to mustard yellow ; in some examples this is reduced to a strongly marked streak on the lower median vein. Hind wing rather variable, always moderately well marked, the distal area dark enough to render conspicuous the pale subterminal fascia. THIBET : Ta-tsien-lou, v-vi.1892 (Chasseurs Thibetains), holotype 3, I 2; 7bid., NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 375 eté 1893 (R. P. Déjean), 1 3; tbid., 1898, allotype 9 ; zbid., 1902, I 3; Tay-Tou-Ho, 1897 (R. P. Déjean), 1 8. Triphosa confusaria tarachodes Prout Ce Bic Bee Differs from c. confusaria Leech (1897) in the suffusion of both wings with dark mouse gray, the basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae and the terminal area of the fore wing being very strongly marked. InvIA : Sikkim, Tonglo, 10,000 ft., vii. 1886 (H. J. Elwes), 5 3, including holotype ; Sikkim (Knyvett), 1 3. TIBET : Chumbi Valley, 7 3, 9 2; Chumbitang, 13,000 ft., 25.vii.1924 (Maj. R. W. G. Hingston), i 3, 3 9; Kharta Valley, 11,500 ft., 24.vi.1922 (E. F. Norton), IJ. Calocalpe tremodes Prout (Pl. 34 : A) 3 37-42 mm. Fore wing sepia ; ante- and postmedial fasciae white and dentate, strongly and broadly marked at costa, but failing at the median vein ; subterminal fascia white, very slender and lunulate, marked most conspicuously between veins R, and M, and by a large spot posterior of vein M, ; cell spot slender and black ; medial area straw yellow round posterior half of DC ; termen slenderly fuscous ; underside paler, snuff brown except in the posterior half distad of the medial area, where the wing is irrorate with pale buff; the distal margin of the medial area is bluntly toothed distad between veins Sc; and R, and between R, and M, ; postmedial fascia broad, pale buff, failing as on upperside, as it merges into the pale posterior area. Hind wing drab irrorate with sepia terminally ; apex and costal area largely white ; postmedial fascia double, white, marked at anal margin only ; subterminal fascia very slenderly lunulate, white ; termen as on fore wing; underside with a dense hair tuft in the central third of interspace 1b. Distinguished from other oriental species of Calocalpe by its small size, the dark sepia colour of the wings and the restricted white area along the costa of the hind wing. InpIA : Sikkim, Tonglo, 10,000 ft., vii. 1886 (H. J. Elwes), 3 3, including holotype ; Sikkim, 1886 (O. Moller), 2 3; Sikkim (Knyvett), 1 f; Sikkim, 1 ¢. Calocalpe anestia Prout (Pl. 34: A) 32 43-47 mm. Fore wing bister, basal, sub-basal, medial and terminal areas most strongly marked ; basal, antemedial, medial and postmedial fasciae broad and irrorate with white, the medial and postmedial failing at the submedian vein ; subterminal fascia lunulate and white, broadly marked between veins R, and SM, ; t cell spot slender and fuscous ; underside pale buff lightly suffused with bister ; cell spot, anterior half of distal margin of medial area and termen, between veins M, and M, and broadly between R, and apex, densely bister ; the anterior tooth 376 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE of the distal margin of the medial area is stronger and sharper than in the preceding species. Hind wing white from costa to vein R,, termen and posterior half suffused with bister, more densely towards margins; subterminal fascia white, slender and deeply lunulate ; underside pale buff, termen lightly suffused and veins spotted bister ; in the male there is a hair tuft similar to that of C. tvemodes. Distinguished from that species by the paler brown colour of the wings, the better marked subterminal fascia on the fore wing and by the whiter hind wing. InpIA : Khasia Hills, 2 3, 4 9, including holotype and allotype. Calocalpe titubata Prout (Pl. 34: A) 3 45-46 mm. ; 247-50 mm. Rather larger than C. tremodes, but similar in colour and pattern, though the latter is ill-defined ; subterminal fascia white, slender, not so conspicuously marked as in either tremodes or anestia. Hind wing almost uniformly drab, the costal area paler, especially in the female. Differs from tvemodes in the sacculus and the juxta of the male genitalia ; in t#twbata the sacculus has two arms, one short and one long ; in tvemodes both arms are short and of about equal length ; in é#tubata the juxta is bilobate ; in tremodes it is shaped as a plate. InpIA : Sikkim, Yatong (Bingham), 3 3, 3 2, including holotype and allotype. TIBET : Kama Valley, 11,500 ft., 24.vi.1922 (E. F. Norton), i 3. Calocalpe valentula Prout (Pl. 34: A) 32 48-52 mm. Fore wing dark olive gray, very lightly irrorate with straw yellow ; centre of medial area broadly pale olive buff from costa to lower median vein, where it is tinged with straw yellow ; postmedial fascia double, slender and lunulate, the proximal line white, the distal straw yellow, marked clearly near costa then as pairs of spots on the veins ; subterminal fascia white, slender and lunulate, variable in degree of marking, but always represented by two large white spots between veins R, and M, and one between M, and SM, ; fringes chequered smoke gray and white. Hind wing smoke gray, termen broadly dark olive gray ; postmedial fascia double and pale olive buff, subterminal fascia white and lunulate, — broadly marked on costa. Underside of both wings smoke gray, medial and terminal areas rather darker ; subterminal fascia white and punctiform on both wings, the spots large and conspicuous posterior of vein R, on the fore wing ; hind wing of male with a dense hair tuft in the distal five-eighths of interspace 1b. Differs from the closely related C. tvistis Prout (1914) in the paler gray colour of the wings and the very conspicuous white subterminal spots. Differs also in the male genitalia, which are very distinctive, especially in the shape of the labides, which broaden strongly to about the middle, then taper to the apex and are covered with hair ; the uncus is broader-based than in éristis, tapering to a rounded apex ; the tegumen is also broader ; saccus small but shallower than in ¢vistis, not so pointed ; valve NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 377 more rounded, hairy ; sacculus similarly developed ; juxta not so deeply cleft nor so wide. W. Curina : Ta-tsien-lou (Chasseurs indigénes), 24 3, 5 2 including holotype and allotype ; Szechuan, Sunpanting, 1 J ; Upper Yang-tse-kiang, I g. THIBET : Frontiére orientale (Chasseurs indigenes du P. Déjean), 4 3 ; Tchang-Kou, eté 1892 (Chasseurs chinois), I 3. Stamnodes spectatissima Prout (PI. 34: C) 2 49-50 mm. Proximal third of fore wing fuscous ; distal third fuscous at costa, this fuscous area tapering tornad to a point at vein SM ; costa fuscous ; basal, antemedial, postmedial and subterminal fasciae broadly white, but marked only between the costa and the subcostal vein ; between the ante- and postmedial fasciae an area of fuscous extends from the costa to vein R, ; remainder of wing ochraceous tawny. Proximal half of hind wing fuscous ; costa and termen slenderly fuscous ; remainder of wing ochraceous tawny. Readily distinguishable by its colour and very large size. W. Curna : Ta-tsien-lou, 1898 (Chasseurs indigénes), holotype 2 ; Yunnan (George Forest), I 9. Stamnodes depeculata lamarum Prout (Pl-343D) Differs from other races of depeculata Lederer (1869) in colour ; the ground colour of the wings is cartridge buff ; the basal, costal, medial and apical markings of the fore wing are drab. TIBET : Tasam, Rongshar Valley, 12,000 ft., 20. vi.1924 (Maj. R. W. G. Hingston), holotype 2; Nyenyam, 12,500 ft., 16.vii.1g21 (A. F. R. Wollaston), 1 9. Docirava distata Prout (Pl. 34 : E) 6 41 mm. Fore wing drab, the medial area rather darker and the costa very lightly irrorate with old rose ; antemedial fascia straight, cinnamon brown distally, warm buff proximally ; postmedial fascia slightly sinuous, cinnamon brown proxi- mally, warm buff distally ; cell spot white ; underside with costa warm buff, sub- costal area and distal part of radial veins old rose and the remainder of the wing drab. Hind wing cartridge buff with a clearly marked, drab medial fascia curved parallel to the termen ; underside cream colour densely irrorate with old rose, except at termen. Closely related to D. affinis Warren (1894) as is shown by the white cell spot and the course of the ante- and postmedial fasciae on the upperside of the fore wing and by the bright pink and drab underside of both wings ; differs in the fore wing by the browner ground colour, the greatly reduced pink irroration 378 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE and by the cinnamon brown edging to the transverse fasciae. Differs in the hind wing by the better marked, curved medial fascia. TrpET: Kama Valley, Saki-thung, 12,000 ft., 22.vi.1g22 (E. F. Norton), holotype 3. Carsia emphracta Prout (Pl. 34: E) 3 34mm. Near Docirava postochrea Hampson (1895) in size, shape and general pattern. Fore wing drab gray patterned with sayal brown to tawny olive ; sub-basal fascia slender, excurved ; antemedial less curved proximad at inner margin than in D. postochrea, broad at costa, tapered posteriorly and strongly toothed distad on median vein ; postmedial fascia broader at apex than inner margin, sinuous and toothed distad between veins R, and M,; terminal area irrorate with fuscous, densely and broadly between veins M, and R,, whence this terminal shade narrows sharply to apex ; cell spot elongate. Underside drab ; cell spot as on upperside ; costa bright clay colour, largely underlined with rose pink, broadening to reach the distal areole and vein R,; distal margin suffused with rose pink in anterior half. Hind wing tilleul buff; underside rose pink with an ill-defined, postmedial fascia of bright clay colour. BurMA: 28° 8’ N., 97° 24’ E., 1,000 ft., 29.vi.1926 (F. Kingdon Ward), holotype 3. Loxofidonia sigmata Prout (Pl. 34 : G) dg 20-25 mm. Similar in size and pattern to L. bareconia Swinhoe (1894). In the male the fore wing differs in the suffusion of the costa and the space between the basal and medial areas with dark olive buff; the distal margin of the basal area is less sharply toothed in the cell and the medial area is divided and edged by fasciae of glossy plumbeous. The distal third of the wing, white in the male © of bareconia, is irrorate with plumbeous. In the female the distal third of the fore wing and the whole of the hind wing is suffused with fuscous black. W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 3; Koelawi Paloe, 3,100 ft., iii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3; Paloe, Loda, 4,000 ft., v.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3 : Tjamba, near Maros, 1,500 ft., ii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 4, I 8 allotype. Loxofidonia sigmata lipernes Prout g 22 mm. Differs from the nominate subspecies in the loss of the plumbeous fascia in the medial area. Proximad of the medial area the plumbeous irroration is replaced by dark olive buff. DutcuH New GuinEA : Fak-Fak, 1,700 ft., xii.1907 (Pratt), holotype ¢. ee rl ee eee ee eee NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 379 Sterrhochaeta lamia Prout (Pl. 36 : A) Frons and head warm buff: thorax and abdomen cinnamon drab. Fore wing cinnamon drab, the veins and the cell area lightly irrorate with warm buff ; basal fascia, boldly bowed between costa and subcostal vein and between median and submedian veins, warm buff edged proximally with fuscous ; ante- and postmedial ’ fasciae warm buff, the former edged proximally, the latter edged distally with fuscous anterior of the median vein ; posterior of this vein the medial area is narrowed by one half and uniformly fuscous ; subterminal fascia represented by longitudinal fuscous streaks between veins R, and Rk, and between R, and M, ; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes warm buff proximally, mouse gray distally. Hind wing cartridge buff and glossy; fringes irrorate with mouse gray. Related to S. semiradiata Warren (1907), but distinguished from it by the narrowed and uniformly fuscous posterior half of the medial area. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., 1.1911 (A. S. Meek), 8 3, 4 9, including holotype and allotype. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., i1.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), 2 9. Sterrhochaeta rectilineata diffidens Prout (PL. 36: A) Differs from other races of rectilineata Warren (1898) in the suffusion of the posterior third of the fore wing, between veins R, and Rs, with russet and in having the hind wing uniformly cartridge buff. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GulInEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., i-i1. 1911 (A. S. Meek), 2 3, including holotype. Sterrhochaeta rectilineata curvifera Prout Distinguished from other races of rectilineata Warren (1898) by the colour and pattern of the fore wing ; the postmedial fascia is bowed distad between veins R, and R, ; the basal area is edged distally and the medial area is edged both proximally and distally with bright ferruginous ; distad of the medial area the wing is uniformly deep brownish drab. NEw HANOVER : ii-iv.1923 (A. S. Meek), 3 9, including holotype. Sterrhochaeta rectilineata indirecta subsp. n. Distinguished from other races of rectilineata Warren (1898) by the suffusion of both wings with drab to wood brown ; as a result the pattern on the fore wing is _ ill-defined, the basal area being scarcely traceable and the hind wing has a uniformly smoky appearance. W. CELEBES : Paloe, Sidaonta, 4,500 ft., vi.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 9. 380 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Sterrhochaeta fulgurata mera Prout Differs from f. fulgurata Warren (1906) in the straighter, white, transverse fasciae ; the tooth at vein R, in the postmedial fascia of the fore wing of the nominate subspecies is wanting in this race. British NEw GUINEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., i.1918 (Eichhorn Bros.), 5 2, including holotype. Sterrhochaeta tanaorrhina Prout (Pl. 36 : B) g 25mm. Face and thorax orange rufous, the latter with a longitudinal white streak in posterior half; head and abdomen cartridge buff irrorate with orange rufous. Fore wing cartridge buff irrorate with orange rufous and russet ; basal and medial areas russet ; basal fascia white edged proximally and distally with a few black scales ; ante- and postmedial fasciae white, the former edged distally, the latter edged proximally with black; postmedial fascia strongly bulged distad between veins R, and M, ; subterminal fascia black and dentate, but poorly defined ; there are two apical streaks of white. Hind wing cartridge buff, termen and fringes warm buff. Distinguished from other species in the genus by the shape of the postmedial fascia. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 3. Sterrhochaeta aphanisis Prout (Pl. 36 : B) g§ 21 mm. Fore wing maize yellow ; basal and terminal areas densely irrorate with light grayish vinaceous ; the antemedial fascia extends diagonally from one- third costa to two-thirds inner margin to fuse with the postmedial fascia, which extends directly from two-thirds costa ; both fasciae are light grayish vinaceous ; cell spot black ; apex black with a little white irroration at the tip and two white _—S UU spots on the proximal edge. Hind wing ivory yellow; postmedial fascia and — terminal area very lightly irrorate with light grayish vinaceous. Distinguished at once from other species of Sterrhochaeta by the black apex to the fore wing. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype 2. Sterrhochaeta leucosphena Prout (Pl. 36: C) $2 20 mm. Face, head, thorax and abdomen white or cartridge buff irrorate with fuscous, the abdomen also lightly irrorate with amber yellow. Fore wing white irrorate with fuscous ; basal area densely fuscous, toothed distad in cell and submedian folds ; medial area densely fuscous, proximal margin sinuous and deeply incised mediad in the cell and submedian folds, distal margin bulged boldly terminad | . NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 381 between veins R, and M, ; a large, fuscous, costal spot is situate just before the apex and fuses with a similar terminal spot between veins R, and R,; antemedial, postmedial and terminal fasciae slenderly amber yellow ; fringes chequered white and fuscous. Hind wing tilleul buff, very lightly irrorate with drab. As with most species of Sterrhochaeta, readily distinguished by colour and pattern. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 3 and allotype 9. Sterrhochaeta biflexa Prout (PL. 36°C) 62 16-19 mm. Fore wing light purple drab lightly irrorate with fuscous ; basal area more strongly fuscous, the distal margin edged with light buff; medial area densely irrorate with fuscous, the proximal and distal margins sinuous and edged _ with light buff ; terminal area more or less irrorate with fuscous and with a broad, light buff streak on vein R,; a slender, dentate, light buff subterminal fascia is present in some examples; cell spot black ; termen fuscous between the veins ; fringes light buff proximally, fuscous distally. Hind wing weakly and uniformly light purple drab ; cell spot and postmedial fascia faintly fuscous. The colour, the pattern and especially the broad, pale streak on vein R, on the fore wing serve to distinguish this species from the closely related S. ineola Warren (1903). CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911 (A. S. Meek) holotype ¢ and allotype 9. British NEw GUINEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., iv.1g18 (Eichhorn Bros.), I 2; Biagi, Mambare R., 5,000 ft., iii. 1906 (A. S. Meek), 1 9. Desmoclystia abata Prout (1157302) Q22mm. The male is unknown but the species probably belongs to the unipuncta _ Warren (1906) section of the genus ; the fore wing has more definite reddish bands than in that species ; there is some white in the basal area and a broad, irregularly _ shaped, white, medial area ; postmedial fascia slender and white, differently shaped from that of unipuncta ; subterminal fascia interrupted at the veins, but without a - conspicuously large, white spot between veins R, and M, as in unipuncta ; fringes _ reddish proximally, chequered white and fuscous distally. Hind wing drab, fringes reddish. CENTRAL DutTcH NEw GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., i. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype @. Desmoclystia abbreviata Prout (PI,36'--E) $62 12 mm. Palpus, frons, head and thorax black ; collar and abdomen dark olive buff. Fore wing : basal and terminal fifths fuscous, the latter area tapering tornad ; medial area fuscous, broad at costa, interrupted in cell area, narrowing ENTOM. 6, 12. 21 382 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE and failing at submedian fold ; remainder of wing dark olive buff. Hind wing drab. Related to D. nigribasis Warren (1906), but distinguished by its very small size, the colour and pattern of the fore wing and the uniformly dark hind wing. CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., — ii.rg1r (A. S. Meek), holotype 3. 7 British NEw GuINEA: Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., i.1g18 (Eichhorn Bros.), allotype . Desmoclystia oniria Prout (Pl. 36 : F) 3 20-22 mm.; 9 25 mm. Cilia of male antenna equal in length to one-third of — the diameter of the shaft ; those of the female minute. Frons, thorax and abdomen . russet suffused with fuscous ; head russet. Fore wing tawny to russet crossed by many slender, glossy fasciae, each fascia smoke gray lightly irrorate with black — and white ; subterminal fascia black and dentate, enlarged into spots between the 1 veins and edged distally with white ; cell spot slender and oblique, russet ; fringes | white proximally, russet distally. Hind wing uniformly drab ; fringes cinnamon — buff. Distinguished from other species in the genus by the glossy pattern of the fore wing. CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., i-ii.1g11 (A. S. Meek), 4 3, I 9, including holotype and allotype. Desmoclystia aypna Prout (Pl. 36: F) 6 24mm.; 228 mm. Male antenna subdentate with fascicles of cilia twice as long as the diameter of the shaft; female antenna minutely ciliate. Fore wing | tawny more or less irrorate with white ; basal fourth russet irrorate with fuscous ; medial area acutely angled on vein R, and composed of many slender fasciae of fuscous, russet and white ; termen with interneural, fuscous spots or streaks edged © proximally with white, larger in anterior half of wing ; cell spot fuscous ringed with — tawny ; fringes tawny proximally, chequered white and russet distally with fuscous ~ spots at the vein ends. Hind wing tilleul buff irrorate with fuscous ; fringes ~ cinnamon buff. Related to D. omiria, but differing in its larger size, more clearly — defined basal and medial areas, paler hind wing and the structure of the male antennae. . CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., © i-ii.1g11 (A. S. Meek), 1 3, 2 9, including holotype and allotype. Chaetolopha tafa Prout (Pl. 36 : H) q g 20-22 mm. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen light buff irrorate with . warm sepia. Fore wing: basal area, bowed distally, warm sepia ; medial area, ~ NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 383 tapered posteriorly, with proximal margin slightly toothed basad on median vein and distal margin incised mediad between veins R, and Rk, and lunulate, strongly between veins R, and M, and between M, and M,, warm sepia with two light buff flecks at costa ; distal fourth of wing warm sepia divided by the white, subterminal fascia ; an apical streak, white irrorate medially with light orange yellow, extends diagonally almost to the postmedial fascia ; a lateral streak, between veins R, and M,, extends from the termen almost to the postmedial fascia ; antemedial fascia light buff irrorate with light orange yellow, narrowed medially and with a spot of warm sepia medially at the costa and at the inner margin ; postmedial fascia white irrorate distally with light orange yellow ; fringes chequered warm sepia and white. Hind wing white irrorate with drab ; postmedial fascia broad and curved parallel to the termen, subterminal fascia punctiform, both pale and ill-defined ; fringes as on fore wing. Related to C. ornatipennis Warren (1906), but differing in the darker colour of the basal, medial and terminal areas, the almost complete suppres- sion of pale irroration and spotting in the medial area and the reduction of the yellow colouring on the fore wing. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), 2 3, including holotype. Chaetolopha turbinata Prout (PL°36'>H) 6 19-20 mm. ; 9 22-23 mm. Palpus, frons and thorax light orange yellow irrorate with ochraceous orange ; tegulae warm sepia ; first abdominal segment light orange yellow, remainder of abdomen ochraceous orange, each segment edged posteriorly with white and irrorate laterally with warm sepia. Fore wing patterned similarly to the preceding species ; the subcostal area, between the base of the wing and the postmedial fascia, is densely irrorate with ochraceous orange; the antemedial fascia thus commences at the subcostal vein and its medial spot at the inner margin is ochraceous orange instead of warm sepia ; distal margin of the medial area very gently and evenly lunulate for its entire length ; the distal half of the postmedial fascia is ochraceous orange and the subterminal fascia is edged distally with the same colour. The hind wing is densely irrorate with fuscous, the termen lightly irrorate with ochraceous orange in some examples ; postmedial fascia very slender, parallel to the termen and weakly defined. Fringes on both wings fuscous with a little white scaling distally between the veins. CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., Chaetolopha ornatipennis nepenthes Prout (Pl 3621) 225 mm. Rather larger and much paler than 0. ornatipennis Warren (1906) ; palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen white densely irrorate with warm buff, the abdominal segments white posteriorly. On the fore wing the basal area shades from straw yellow at the base of the wing, through ochraceous orange to warm 384 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE sepia at its distal margin ; the terminal third of the wing is similarly coloured ; the medial area is reduced and encloses a large, white cell spot ; the antemedial fascia is broad and straw yellow and is edged slenderly both proximally and distally with white ; the postmedial fascia, also broad and straw yellow, is edged proximally with white. Hind wing light buff suffused with drab; postmedial fascia broad and faintly indicated by a light straw yellow and ochraceous orange suffusion. NEw IRELAND : xi.1923 (A. F. Ezchhorn), holotype Q. Chaetolopha ornatipennis anomala Prout 2 23 mm. Differs from the closely related ornatipennis peregrina Prout (1929) in the fore wing, in the greater admixture of ochraceous orange in the basal, medial and terminal areas, in the better marked white, subterminal fascia and in the fringes, which are chequered white and fuscous. The hind wing is paler with a broad, though ill-defined postmedial fascia. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., 1. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype 9. Propithex glaucisparsa scintillulata Prout Differs from g. glaucisparsa Prout (1932) in the amount and in the distribution of the iridescent gray-blue scales on the fore wing. The antemedial band is edged proximally and the postmedial band is edged distally with a double, lunulate fascia of iridescent gray-blue scales ; the single, lunulate, subterminal fascia and apical streak are similarly coloured ; the iridescent gray-blue irroration of the apex and terminal areas of the nominate subspecies is wanting and that of the medial area is confined to the anterior fourth. MarayA : Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,300 ft., 27.ix.1932 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype ¢; Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 4,000 ft., 28.1.1929 (H. M. Pendlebury), 19; Pahang, Cameron Highlands, 8,800 ft., 24.vi.1935 (H. M. Pendlebury), allotype 9. Carbia calefacta Prout (Pl. 36 : K) Carbia calescens Walker Prout nec Walker, 1932, J. F.M.S., 17 : 60. Q 20-24 mm. Generally smaller than C. calescens Walker (1866), which is closely related. The fore wing is not quite so broad and the termen is less strongly rounded ; the distal half is suffused with ochraceous orange ; the white ante- and postmedial fasciae are broader and more closely approximate; the subterminal fascia in calescens is lunulate ; in calefacta the proximal edge is straight from the costa to vein M, and the black marking proximad of it is cut by the ochraceous orange radial veins ; in calescens the black marking is entire. In both species the hind wing is ochraceous orange with a fuscous anal margin marked in light buff with the beginnings of the transverse fasciae. ee NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 385 NortH Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu, Marei Parei, 5,000 ft., 30.iv.1929 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 2 ; Serambi, xii.1908 (R. Shalford), 1 9. SARAWAK : Kuching, 6.xi.1900 (R. Shalford), I &. SINGAPORE : (H. N. Ridley), 1 9. Puto Laut : (Doherty), I . Pomasia parerga Prout (PI, 36°; K) Very similar in size and pattern to P. denticlathrata Warren (1893), but differs on the upperside of the fore wing, which has the distal third suffused with ochraceous buff. The underside of both wings is uniformly ochraceous orange, distinguishing the species at a glance from its allies. InpDIA : Khasia Hills, xi.1894 (Native coll.), holotype 3; tbhid., vii.1894, I dg; ibid., without date, 4 3, 4 2; zbid., (Nissary), 1 2; Assam, Digboi (L. Brunt), 1 2; Cherrapunji, i ¢; zbid., ix.1893, I 9. BHUTAN : I Q. S. SHAN STATES : Kalaur, 4,000 ft., I ¢. Eccymatoge callizona (Lower) ab. abiens Prout (PE37 <4) Hydriomena brujata Guenée Meyrick nec Guenée, 1891, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) 5: 855. Differs from typical callizona Lower (1984) in the loss of the cartridge buff colouring from the first abdominal segment and from the basal and terminal areas of the fore wing. The cartridge buff, subterminal, interneural spots on both wings remain, that between veins R, and M, on each wing being larger than the others, especially so on the fore wing. AUSTRALIA : Queensland (ex. coll. Swinhoe), holotype 2; Victoria (E. Anderson), I 9; sine loc. (E. Anderson), 1 3. Collix adamata Prout (Pl. 37: A) 2 39 mm. Palpus warm buff irrorate with bister. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen bister. Fore wing bister ; costa irrorate with warm buff, especially distad of the postmedial fascia, which is rather darker than the ground colour and very faintly marked, principally on the veins ; distad of the postmedial fascia the veins are marked each with a pair of warm buff spots ; subterminal fascia warm buff at costa, then marked as cartridge buff, interneural spots ; terminal spots at the vein ends also cartridge buff. Hind wing similarly marked, except for the warm buff costal irroration, which is wanting. Cell spots on both wings fuscous ringed with cartridge buff. Related to C. suffusca Warren (1907), from which it differs in its larger size, lack of vinaceous sheen and in the bister irroration of the palpus. S. W. CELEBES : G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis) holotype 9. 386 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Collix rhabdoneura Prout (Pl. 37 : C) 3 32 mm. Antenna very minutely ciliate. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, and thorax cartridge buff densely irrorate with bister ; abdomen similar, but also irrorate with cinnamon. Fore wing bister ; costal region mottled with cinnamon, the beginnings of the transverse fasciae marked in black ; terminal area bister divided by the white, punctiform, subterminal fascia ; between the level of the DC and the bister terminal area, the veins are cinnamon and there is some cinnamon mottling between veins Sc, and M, ; cell mark small, almost confined to the DC. Hind wing similar, except that the costal markings are wanting. Similar in size to C. ghosha Walker (1862), but differing in the bright cinnamon mottling and marking of the veins. MatayaA : Pahang, Cameron Highlands, 4-5,000 ft., 10. vi.1935 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 3. Collix ghosha mayri Prout Differs from g. ghosha Walker (1862) in having the upperside of the wings dark and weakly marked, as in only rare aberrations of the nominate subspecies in Ceylon and India. NEw GuInEA : Arfak, Mt. Siwi, 800 m., iv-vi.1928 (Dr. E. Mayr), 3 3, including holotype. Collix dichobathra puncticulata Prout Differs from d. dichobathra Prout (1931) in the warmer, brown instead of gray ground colour of the wings ; in d. dichobathra the ground colour is drab to drab-gray ; in d. puncticulata it is bright pinkish cinnamon and the pattern is rather spottily marked, recalling C. multifilata Warren (1896). AUSTRALIA : Queensland, Kuranda, 1907 (Dodd), 2 3, 1 9, including holotype and allotype ; 7bzd., 1910, 3 9; thbid., 1911, 2 2; thid., 1913, I 9 ; Cairns Dist. (F. P. Dodd), 2 3. Collix dichobathra puncticulata {. anaxia Prout Distad of the clearly marked, double, dentate antemedial fascia both wings are lightly but evenly irrorate with drab ; the postmedial fascia is slender and bister ; distad of and parallel to it there is a broad, pale fascia ; all other pattern is suppressed. AUSTRALIA : Brisbane (M. Culpin), holotype 2; Brisbane, 1900 (A. J. Turner), I g; Brisbane, Taylor Range (fF. P. Dodd), 1 9. Exodezia gen. n. Frons with small, pointed cone below. Palpus two and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye, second segment rough-scaled. Tongue developed. Male antenna almost simple, laterally compressed. Pectus scarcely hairy. Femur NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 387 glabrous. Fore wing slightly less long-winged than in most Collix ; costa rounded near apex, termen smooth ; cell less than one-half as long as wing, rather longer posteriorly ; DC very oblique ; areole double, the distal one long ; vein Sc, from areole, Sc,_, stalked, Sc, from areole ; R, from upper angle of cell, R, from middle of DC, R, and M, closely approximate. Hind wing weakly Collix-shaped ; cell less than one-half as long as wing ; DC curved to become oblique posteriorly ; C anastomosed to close to end of cell ; Sc, and R, stalked, R, from anterior of middle of DC, R, and M, closely approximate. The genitalia show a close relationship to those of the type species of Collix, C. ghosha Walker (1862). Differs from that genus chiefly in coloration and pattern, the less dentate hind wing and the closer approximation of veins R, and M,. Type species : Eulype albifusa Swinhoe (1904). Horisme brooksi Prout (Peg 2h) 6 22 mm. Frons and head bister. Thorax and abdomen white, the latter lightly irrorate with bister. Fore wing light buff irrorate with a few scattered, bister scales ; basal fourth of costa bister; ante- and postmedial fasciae bister, broadly and heavily marked at costa, very faintly marked at inner margin and failing completely medially ; terminal fourth of wing russet and bister, the russet being more brightly marked proximad of the slender, pale buff, subterminal fascia, which divides this area; cell spot weakly marked, bister. Hind wing pale buff lightly irrorate with bister ; basal fascia broad, postmedial slender, both bister and ill-defined ; terminal fourth marked as on fore wing, except that the proximal part is broader and bright russet in the anterior and posterior thirds, failing medially ; the terminal part is slender and less broken medially ; cell spot large, ovate and bister. Underside of both wings white; antemedial fascia and termen of fore wing, postmedial and subterminal fasciae on both wings evenly and smoothly fuscous ; cell spots fuscous ; subcostal, median and submedian veins and veins Sc;, R,, M, and M, on the fore wing broadly yellow ocher ; hind wing, except submedian vein, similarly marked. Similar in underside pattern and colour to H. flavovenata Leech (1897) and to Echthrocollix minuta Butler (1881), but distin- guished by the colour and pattern of the upperside of the wings; similar in the pattern and colour of the upperside of the wings to H. rufipicta Hampson (1895), but distinguished by the brightly coloured underside. SUMATRA : Dempo, 4,000 ft., viili.1923 (C. J. Brooks), holotype 3. Horisme hyperythra catalalia Prout The upperside of both wings differs from h. hyperythra Hampson (1897) in the darker, less reddish colour ; the underside differs in the acute angling of the postmedial fascia on vein R, on the hind wing and in the paler ground colour of both wings. Formosa : Rantaizan, 10.v.1909 (A. E. Wileman), holotype ¢ ; ibid., 15.v.1909, IQ ;tbid., v.1909, I 3; tbid., iv. 1906, I g ; tbid., 7,500 ft., 9.v.1909, I 9 ; Kanshirei, 27 .iv.1908 (A. E. Wileman), 1 3; ibid., 1,000 ft., 19.iv.1906, I 3. 388 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Horisme erythroides Prout (PL 37°>G) gd 38 mm. Palpus, head and frons pinkish buff with a few scattered fuscous scales. Thorax and abdomen pinkish buff irrorate with fuscous and lightly with vinaceous tawny. Fore wing pinkish buff densely irrorate with fuscous and vinaceous tawny, except just distad of the DC, at three-quarters of the wing between the costa and vein R, and terminally at the apex, tornus and between veins R, and M,. Hind wing : costa tilleul buff, anal margin warm buff, remainder of wing pinkish buff evenly irrorate with fuscous and vinaceous tawny ; basal, antemedial and subterminal fasciae double, postmedial fascia single, all slender and fuscous. Underside of both wings tilleul buff evenly irrorate with drab; postmedial and subterminal fasciae faintly marked with more densely irrorate drab ; costa of fore wing warm buff. Similar in size and elongate wing-shape to H. jirtivena Warren (1906), but readily distinguished from that species by its distinctive pattern. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype ¢. Horisme invicta Prout 2 35-38 mm. Although the male is unknown, the position of the species is evidently close to H. hyperythra Hampson (1897) ; it is larger than the largest specimens of that species, the fore wing is relatively broader, the hind wing more crenulate, thus nearer to H. boarmiata Snellen (1881), which it further resembles in the much less bent postmedial fascia, particularly noticeable on the strongly marked underside, where however it does not arise from a darker costal spot as in boarmiata. Ground colour of both wings dark olive buff lightly irrorate with vinaceous cinnamon ; the pattern is almost exactly as in hyperythra, that of the fore wing being marked in bister and that of the hind wing in vinaceous cinnamon. The hind wing is even more suffused with vinaceous cinnamon than in hyperythra and the characteristic course of the broad and strongly marked postmedial fascia of that species is closely followed, though there is a very faint additional indentation at vein R,. Underside of both wings vinaceous cinnamon ; cell spot and postmedial fascia on both fore and hind wing fuscous. W. SuMmATRA : Korinchi, 7,300 ft., v.1914 (Robinson & Kloss), 2 9, including holotype. Horisme boarmiata serangica Prout $ 38 mm.; 939 mm. Larger than 0. boarmiata Snellen (1881), which has a wing- span of 28-34mm. The white markings on the patagia, the first abdominal segment and the wings of the nominate subspecies are warm buff in serangica. CENTRAL CERAM: Manusela, 6,000 ft., x-xii.1g19g (C. F. & J. Pratt), holotype ¢g and allotype 9. Horisme semirufata goliathi Prout Differs from s. semirufata Warren (1906) in the more direct, lunulate, postmedial fascia on the fore wing ; it extends directly from Sc, to six-sevenths inner margin, NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 389 is boldly lunulate and toothed strongly and sharply proximad on the veins between the lunules ; in the nominate subspecies the postmedial fascia is weakly lunulate between veins R,; and M,, thence extends directly to five-sevenths inner margin, being weakly toothed proximad on the submedian vein only. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., i-i.1g1I (A. S. Meek), 1 3 2 9, including holotype and allotype. Horisme steretica Prout (Pi 37-24) 3 34-36mm. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen buff pink irrorate with testaceous. Fore wing buff pink suffused with testaceous, especially between the basal and antemedial fasciae and in the terminal sixth; costa and subcostal area lightly irrorate with fuscous ; antemedial fascia acutely angled in the cell area, warm buff slenderly edged both proximally and distally with maroon; postmedial fascia, similarly composed, gently lunulate from costa to vein FR incurved and then almost straight from M, to the inner margin; several very slender, warm buff fasciae cross the medial area, with a conspicuous, warm buff spot at the junction of veins R, and M, ; subterminal fascia white and punctiform, the spot between veins R, and M, being very large ; terminal spots at the vein ends warm buff, those on Rs, M, and the submedian vein extending broadly across the terminal area. Hind wing tilleul buff in costal third, termen and posterior two-thirds irrorate, densely towards margins, with testaceous ; ante- and postmedial fasciae buff pink edged anteriorly and posteriorly with maroon and black, weakly marked and failing costad ; subterminal fascia white and punctiform ; terminal spots at the vein ends warm buff and of equal size. In one specimen the medial area of the fore wing is edged broadly and the centre irrorate with black, posterior of the discal fold. Related to H. semirufata Warren (1906), but distinguished by its large size, its almost uniformly warm pink colour and by the presence of entire ante- and postmedial fasciae. CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., i-ii.1g1r (A. S. Meek), 5 dg, including holotype. Horisme anguligera (Butler) ab. bipartita Prout pelea) Fore wing : anterior of a line from the apex to two-sevenths of the inner margin the wing is light buff, lightly irrorate with fuscous along the costa ; posterior of it the wing is drab irrorate with fuscous, the light buff, postmedial fascia being marked only between veins R, and M, and at the inner margin. Hind wing : costa and postmedial fascia broadly, subterminal fascia slenderly light buff ; remainder of wing drab irrorate with fuscous and transversed by several slender, fuscous fasciae. NEW ZEALAND : Wellington, 4 ¢, including holotype ; Arthurs Pass, 1 ¢. 390 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Horisme labeculata deviaria Prout Differs from 1. labeculata Prout (1932) in the course of the dentate antemedial fascia on the fore wing, which is angled distad on the discal and submedian folds and proximad on the median vein ; in the nominate subspecies this fascia forms an almost regular curve. Differs also in the hind wing, which has a broad, drab, terminal band. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), 3 3, 4 9, including holotype and allotype. Parazoma semifusca swanni Prout (Pl. 38 : D) Differs from s. semifusca Warren (1896) in colour and pattern ; on the fore wing the ground colour is less irrorate with fuscous, resulting in the sharp definition of the basal and medial areas ; the subterminal band, which in the nominate subspecies extends broadly from the costa almost to vein Rg, is in swannt cut by a broad streak of the ground colour along vein R,. On the hind wing the broad, fuscous terminal band of the nominate subspecies is wanting. BurMa : Htawgaw, iii.1923 (A. E. Swann), 2 3 including holotype. Physetobasis dentifascia kachinica subsp. n. g 25mm. Smaller than d. dentifascia Hampson (1895), which has a wing span of 29-30 mm.; also darker, both wings are more densely suffused with bister, resulting in the subterminal fascia on the fore wing becoming but faintly discernable. NE. Burma : Htawgaw, 6,000 ft., vii.1923 (A. E. Swann), holotype 3. Physetobasis dentifascia rectipendens subsp. n. (Pl. 38 : E) g 28mm. Rather a pale race ; ground colour of both wings light drab ; basal and terminal areas suffused with drab. On the fore wing the medial fascia is drab ; basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae black, the antemedial edged proximally and the basal and postmedial fasciae edged distally with white ; basal fascia broken between median vein and vein SM, ; antemedial marked from costa to vein SC and then as three spots, one each on the median vein, vein SM, and at the inner margin ; postmedial fascia broad from costa to vein Sc,, then slender to M,, being toothed proximad along the radial veins ; cell spot ovate and black, slenderly margined with white. Hind wing light drab, a little paler costad ; postmedial fascia black, toothed proximad on the veins and edged slenderly with white distally ; cell spot elongate and fuscous. Subterminal fascia on both wings white and faintly marked. LoweER BurMA: v.1914 (Ff. M. Mackwood), holotype 3. Physetobasis dentifascia kiunkiangana subsp. n. 229mm. Ground colour and colour of pattern on both wings similar to that of the preceding subspecies. On the fore wing the basal fascia is broader costad ; the NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 391 antemedial fascia inclines towards the point where vein M, meets the termen, is acutely angled in the discal fold and then fails ; postmedial fascia almost straight from costa to vein R3, then fails, apart from a spot on vein M, ; cell spot ovate and parallel to the antemedial fascia ; anterior third of medial area densely irrorate with black. CHINA : Kiunkiang, vi. 1887 (A. E. Pratt), holotype &. Eupithecia raniata sp. n. (PL-38..°8) $2 19-23 mm. Cilia of male antennae a little longer than one-half of the diameter of the shaft. Smaller and much darker than E. rajata Guenée (1858), which it resembles in structure ; more glossy, the dark costal spots less developed ; transverse fasciae, except subterminal, almost obsolete ; subterminal fascia white, irregular and variable in strength of marking, its strongest angles near costa, its dot close to the tornus cleanly white, though not, or scarcely, enlarged. Eighth sternum weakly sclerotized, consisting of two gently tapered arms, which incline towards each other for half of their length, then become parallel in the apical half. Inp1A : Darjeeling, viii.1904, 1 g, 4 2, including holotype and allotype. Eupithecia circumacta sp. n. (Pigs 7H) 2 22 mm. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen fuscous irrorate with pale smoke gray. Fore wing fuscous patterned with pale smoke gray ; basal fascia single and broad ; antemedial and medial fasciae double, acutely angled in the discal fold, then straight to the inner margin ; postmedial fascia straight from costa to vein Sc;, then inclined terminad, acutely toothed on vein R,, thence straight to the inner margin ; subterminal fascia very slender and dentate ; cell spot a large tuft of fuscous scales ; in one example the lower angle of the cell is marked with a spot of ochraceous tawny. Hind wing tilleul buff at costa; remainder irrorate with fuscous ; cell spot and postmedial fascia of ground colour. Eighth sternum consists of two slender, parallel arms, each tapered apicad. Similar in size, colour and pattern to E. nuceistriga Bastelberger (1911) from Formosa, but lacking the inter- rupted terminal area and the ochraceous tawny veins in the distal half of the fore wing of that species. INDIA : Darjeeling, viii.1904, 4 2, including holotype ; Sikkim, Tendong, 8,000 ft., I.viii.1886 (H. J. Elwes), 1 9; Sikkim (H. J. Elwes), 1 9; Sikkim, 29.ix.1889 (J. G. Pilcher), i 9. Eupithecia albibaltea sp. n. (P1238: Fi) Similar in size, colour and pattern to E. tricrossa Prout (1926), but distinguished from it by the presence of a slender, light buff band on the anterior edge of the first 392 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE abdominal segment and by the antemedial fascia, which is slender from the costa to the cell fold, then acutely angled and much broadened to extend to three-quarters of the inner margin ; the posterior part of this fascia appears at first glance to be a broad, diagonal fascia extending from the cell spot almost to the base of the wing ; the postmedial fascia is usually broad and single instead of slenderly double, as in tricrossa. Inp1A : Darjeeling, vii.1886 (H. J. Elwes), holotype 3; ibid. (Dr. Lidderdale), Ig,192; Sikkim, 5,000 ft., vii.1886 (H. J. Elwes), 2 9 ; Sikkim, 7,000 ft., vii-vili. 1895 (J. G. Pilcher), 2 9. Eupithecia pyricoetes sp. n. (Pl. 38 : H) 62 20-21 mm. Frons, head; thorax and abdomen fuscous irrorate with smoke gray. Fore wing fuscous; basal and antemedial fasciae broad, tilleul buff and lightly irrorate with pale smoke gray ; sometimes the two fasciae are fused into a broad band ; postmedial fascia double, the proximal line slender, the distal one broad, tilleul buff irrorate with pale smoke gray ; medial area fuscous, the radial and medial veins burnt sienna ; medial fascia sinuous and weakly marked ; distad of the postmedial fascia the wing is fuscous and divided by a slender, dentate, pale smoke gray subterminal fascia; there is some pale smoke gray irroration between the subcostal and median veins ; cell spot large, tufted and fuscous. Hind wing tilleul buff costally ; remainder of wing irrorate with fuscous ; cell spot small and fuscous, weakly marked. Eighth sternum narrowed to one-half posteriorly and bilobate at apex. A little larger than E. tricrossa Prout (1926) and distinguished from it by the broad, pale margins to the almost uniformly fuscous medial band with its burnt sienna radial and medial veins. — Inp1A : Sikkim (H. J. Elwes), holotype 3; ibid., 7,000 ft., 1889 (O. Mller), x 9; tbhid., ix.1909 (Ff. Moller), 1 3; tbid., 7,000 ft., vii.1895 (Pilcher), x 3. Eupithecia peguensis sp. n. (Pt, 382-3) Q 25-27 mm. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen cinnamon buff lightly irrorate with light drab. Fore wing cinnamon buff; postmedial fascia extends diagonally from costa to vein Sc,, straight to R,, parallel to termen to M,, then sinuous to inner margin, broadly light buff, slenderly divided and edged both proximally and distally with fuscous ; subterminal fascia minutely punctiform, fuscous proximally and white distally ; cell spot large, fuscous and tufted ; a broad, drab shade extends diagonally from the terminal fourth of the costa to the second fifth of the inner margin ; basal fifth of costa also drab. Hind wing tilleul buff, termen and anal margin broadly cinnamon buff, the latter irrorate with fuscous. Similar in size and wing shape to E. albisbumata Warren (1893), but distinguished from it by the pattern and colour of the wings. Burma : East Pegu, 4-5,000 ft., iii-iv.1890 (W. Doherty), 3 2, including holotype. UpPER TONKIN : Prov. Laokay, Muong-Khuong, 900-1,000 m., I @. a P— NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 393 Eupithecia albigutta sp. n. (PI, 38. K) 223mm. Palpus bister and twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Frons and head white. Thorax light buff, the tegulae tipped with white. Abdomen light buff irrorate with bister and black. Fore wing cinnamon brown irrorate with bister proximad of the postmedial fascia ; a large white spot is situate at the base of the wing, posterior of subcostal vein ; basal and antemedial fasciae white, marked only weakly at costa, submedian fold and at the inner margin ; medial fascia double, marked only between costa and median vein and at the inner margin, the distal line slender, the proximal broad and greatly enlarged in the cell area and enclosing the tufted, bister cell spot ; postmedial fascia double, weakly marked between costa and vein R, and at inner margin only ; subterminal fascia punctiform, white edged distally with black, marked clearly only between veins R, and M, and in the submedian fold. Hind wing tilleul buff ; termen cinnamon brown, broadly at costa, tapering towards anal angle ; anal margin with three patches of bister, one at base, one medially and one near anal angle ; veins light buff in distal half of wing. Rather similar in general appearance to E. dolia West (1929) from the Philippine Islands, but smaller and with a darker hind wing ; on the fore wing the clearly defined medial area and subterminal fascia of that species is lacking and the proximal two-thirds is irrorate with bister. INDIA : Simla, 7,000 ft., x.1897 (Pilcher), holotype 9. Eupithecia fulcrata sp. n. (Pl. 38 : K) Eupithecia ustata Moore Prout nec Moore, 1926, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 31: 319. g 21mm. Palpus bister, one and three-quarter times as long as the diameter of the eye. Frons, head, thorax and first abdominal segment white ; remainder of abdomen white irrorate with cinnamon brown. Fore wing cinnamon brown, a little darker, inclined to russet, proximad of the postmedial fascia ; costa broadly bister in this part of the wing. Antemedial, medial and postmedial fasciae broadly white at costa, then merging into the white area occupying the distal half of the cell area ; the antemedial continues posteriorly to join the second white area occupying the proximal half of the wing, posterior of the median vein ; subterminal fascia punctiform and fuscous, edged distally with white ; cell spot elongate and fuscous. Hind wing white, very lightly irrorate with cinnamon brown along the termen and a little more densely along the anal margin. Differs from E. ustata Moore (1888) in the longer palpus (in ustata it is equal to the diameter of the eye) ; in the fore wing, with its paler, warmer brown colour and more extensive, though blurred, white pattern and in the whiter, less irrorate hind wing. NE. Burma : Htawgaw, 6,000 ft., iv-v.1923 (A. E. Swann), holotype ¢. Eupithecia mundiscripta commundata subsp. n. Differs from m. mundiscripta Warren (1907) in the warmer brown, distal third and the darker, proximal two-thirds of the fore wing ; distad of the postmedial 394 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE fascia the drab irroration is reduced and the ochraceous tawny ground colour predominates ; proximad of the postmedial fascia the wing is evenly irrorate with fuscous. NorTH Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu, v-viii.1903 (John Waterstradt), 6 9, including holotype. Eupithecia mundiscripta larutensis subsp. n. On the fore wing the ochraceous tawny ground colour is pronounced in the distal half ; the proximal half is white lightly irrorate with fuscous ; the costa is densely irrorate with fuscous, but only to just proximad of the level of the cell spot. Maraya : Perak, Larut Hills, 3,700 ft., 13.ii.1932 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 9. Eupithecia excita sp. n. (Pl. 39°: A) g§ 16mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia three times as long as the diameter of the shaft. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen light buff, the abdomen irrorate with fuscous laterally. Fore wing light buff irrorate with cinnamon buff; costa fuscous in basal fifth and just before apex ; medial area irrorate with fuscous and a little russet, and edged both proximally and distally with white ; distal fifth of wing, posterior of vein R,, fuscous divided by a straight, white, subterminal fascia ; cell spot wanting. Hind wing: proximal half with distal edge sinuous, fuscous ; distal half white irrorate with fuscous anteriorly and cinnamon buff posteriorly ; termen straight from subcostal vein to vein M,, then crenulate to anal angle. Related to E. melanolopha Swinhoe (1895), but differing in the longer cilia of the male antennae, the shape of the medial area and the absence of the cell spot on the fore wing and the absence of the large, russet spot at seven-eighths anal margin of the hind wing, so conspicuous in that species. SW. CELEBES : Tjamba, Near Maros, 1,500 ft., ii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype d. Eupithecia wardi sp. n. (Pl. 39 : A) 6 30mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia equal in length to one-half the diameter of the shaft ; palpus a little longer than the diameter of the eye. Head pinkish buff. Palpus, frons, thorax and abdomen pinkish buff irrorate with bister. Fore wing pinkish buff lightly suffused with pinkish cinnamon ; medial area irrorate with white ; veins marked with bister dashes; subterminal fascia white and punctiform ; remaining transverse fasciae bister and faintly marked, broadly at costa, then slenderly to inner margin ; basal fascia acutely angled on subcostal vein ; antemedial, SE ——— Se medial and postmedial fasciae acutely angled on subcostal and on vein R,; cell — spot elongate and fuscous. Hind wing tilleul buff, the termen and anal margin lightly irrorate with bister ; transverse fasciae very faintly marked. The eighth ~ sternum consists of two broad, parallel rods with tapered apices. Probably related — NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 395 to the rather larger, rounder-winged and more brightly pinkish cinnamon E. ivambata Warren (1893). SE. TiBEt : Tsangpo Valley, Tya La, 14,000 ft., 20.ix.1924 (F. Kingdon Ward), holotype 9. Eupithecia leucoprora sp. n. (PL.-36:; B) gd 20mm.;9 24mm. Both male and female antennae are very minutely ciliate. Male palpus slightly less than, female palpus slightly greater than the diameter of the eye. Male: palpus white beneath, cream buff above. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen cream buff very lightly irrorate with black. Fore wing olive ocher ; basal area evenly curved distad and uniformly black ; medial area densely irrorate with black, with little of the ground colour visible ; distal fourth of costa irrorate with black, deeply proximally, tapering apicad ; termen irrorate with black between veins R, and M,, broadly at the tornus ; this black tornal area is divided by a slender fascia of the ground colour ; there is considerable black irroration between the basal and medial areas; cell spot black; fringes cream buff and black. Hind wing tilleul buff with a broad, drab, terminal border. The female differs in having a uniformly cream buff palpus. Eighth sternum of male weakly sclerotized and consisting of two broad, diagonally based arms, each tapered apicad, the inner margin of each arm is almost straight, the outer margin is larger and arcuate. Probably related to E. biviridata Warren (1896) from N. India but differing in having only the medial area fuscous on the fore wing. CENTRAL DuTCH NEw GUINEA: Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., i-li.rg1r (A. S. Meek), holotype ¢ and allotype 9. Eupithecia lissopis sp. n. (P1336 :°B) 3 27 mm.; 2 32 mm. Both male and female antennae minutely ciliate. Male palpus one and one-half times, female palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head and abdomen olive buff irrorate with black, the abdomen also with dark vinaceous. Collar and thorax dark olive buff, the tegulae each with a white spot. Fore wing dark olive buff irrorate with black and dark vinaceous, especially in the basal, medial and terminal areas ; basal area edged distally with white ; medial area edged and irrorate in the discal area with white ; subterminal fascia white and punctiform ; cell spot black ; fringes chequered olive buff and fuscous and lightly suffused with dark vinaceous. Hind wing light buff and glossy, termen slenderly black. Eighth sternum in the male similar to that of the preceding species, but with the tapered apices produced posteriorly. Evidently related to E. leucoprora, but distinct in colour and pattern. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuInEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., i. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype g and allotype 9. 396 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Eupithecia eupitheciata (Walker) ab. cruentata (Warren MS.) ab. n. Fore wing cartridge buff lightly and evenly irrorate with black ; medial area slenderly margined with black, the posterior half densely irrorate with brick red. Inp1A : Khasia Hills, iii.1894 (Nat. coll.), holotype ¢ ; ¢bid., without date, I 9. Micromia expectans sp. n. (Pl. 39 : C) $2 25-28 mm. Antennae in both sexes minutely ciliate ; palpi twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus lime green irrorate with fuscous ; frons, head, thorax and abdomen similarly coloured. Fore wing lime green suffused with yellowish olive and irrorate with brownish vinaceous, especially between the subcostal vein and the submedian fold; basal and sub-basal fasciae ill-defined, broad and fuscous ; medial area irrorate with fuscous, proximal margin evenly curved, distal margin toothed between veins Sc; and R, and between R,; and M, and in one example edged distally with a double, white fascia; subterminal fascia fuscous, broadly marked at costa, between veins R, and R; and between M, and the inner margin. Hind wing white to cartridge buff ; transverse fasciae weakly and brokenly fuscous; terminal, interneural, tooth-like spots on both wings fuscous, more strongly marked on the fore wing. Closely related to M. stabilis Warren (1906), from which it differs in the darker irroration of the body and wings, the broader transverse markings and the stronger toothing of the distal margin of the medial — area on the fore wing. British NEw GuInEA : Angabunga R., affl. of St. Joseph R., 6,000 ft. upwards, xi.1g04-ii.1905 (A. S. Meek), 1 3, 2 9, including holotype and allotype. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) hypocalypsis sp. n. (Pl. 39 : C) g 27mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, light buff. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen light buff, the thorax and — abdomen very lightly spotted with black. Fore wing broad and deep terminally, the inner margin fringed with long hair-scales medially ; ground colour lime green ~ very lightly irrorate with brownish vinaceous ; basal fascia slender, slightly sinuous ~ and black ; sub-basal broad, ill-defined and black, extending only from the subcostal — vein ; medial area lightly irrorate with black and brownish vinaceous, ill-defined and marked only between the subcostal vein and the submedian fold ; subterminal — fascia broad, black and brownish vinaceous, marked only between vein Sc, and the ~ discal fold with a patch of appressed, drab-gray scales between veins Sc, and M, and between M, and the submedian fold. Hind wing small, almost pyriform, cartridge buff and immaculate, with long hair-scales on the posterior half of the wing and along the anal margin. The shape of the wings and the specialized scaling on the hind wing make this a distinctive species in the genus. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 3. NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 397 Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) euthynsis sp. n. (Pl. 39 : D) g 20mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, light buff lightly irrorate with fuscous ; frons similarly coloured. Head, thorax and abdomen light buff densely irrorate with fuscous and russet. Fore wing lime green ; basal area fuscous, distal margin almost straight ; medial area fuscous, proximal margin toothed broadly distad in the discal fold, distal margin out-curved between veins R, and M,, then straight to the inner margin ; sub-basal area irrorate with fuscous and with black at the inner margin ; postmedial fascia sinuous and clear lime green, from which two streaks extend through the fuscous, distal fourth of the wing to the termen, one slenderly between veins R, and R, and one broadly between R, and M,; subterminal fascia white and punctiform, clearly marked only between the radial veins ; fringes chequered fuscous and lime green. Hind wing cartridge buff, the termen suffused with drab, bilobate, being cleft almost to the base of the wing along the submedian fold ; the posterior lobe is slender and extends for two-thirds of the length of the anterior part of the wing. As with most species in the genus, easily distinguished by wing-shape and structure and by pattern. CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype 3. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) euthynsis evelina subsp. n. Differs from the nominate subspecies in the better marked subterminal fascia and in the medial area of the fore wing, in which the anterior distal fourth is light buff and the remainder is more densely irrorate with fuscous to fuscous black. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 3. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) leucocarpa sp. n. (Pi 30% D) g§ 25mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, yellowish olive ; frons similar. Head and thorax yellowish olive irrorate with black ; abdomen light buff, anal segment yellowish olive. Fore wing lime _ green suffused with yellowish olive ; basal area black, posterior half irrorate with white and produced tornad to fuse with sub-basal fascia, which is russet, broad at the costa and tapered posteriorly ; medial area irrorate with russet and a little black, proximal margin slightly sinuous, distal margin toothed between veins Sc, and R, and on vein R, ; postmedial fascia lime green divided slenderly by yellowish olive, interrupted between veins Sc, and R, by a patch of white and between R, and M, by a patch of russet ; subterminal fascia punctiform, consisting of white spots ringed with black, the black sometimes streaking to the termen ; between the postmedial and subterminal fasciae there is a band of russet, interrupted between veins R, and R, by the diagonal, lime green, apical streak ; distad of the subterminal ENTOM., 6, 12 22 398 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE fascia the wing is lime green to yellowish olive. Hind wing cartridge buff and bilobate, the wing being cleft almost to the base along the submedian fold ; the — posterior lobe is broadened terminad and extends to seven-eighths of the length of the anterior part of the wing; medial veins bluish black ; anal fringes long. A brightly coloured and distinctively patterned species. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype 3. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) acroscotia sp. n. (Pl. 39 : E) $ 24 mm.; 9 22 mm. Antenna in each sex minutely ciliate. Male palpus two and one-half times as long, female palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen light buff irrorate with fuscous. Fore wing lime green suffused with yellowish olive ; basal part of wing, bounded by an arc from two-fifths costa to two-thirds inner margin, deep quaker drab irrorate proximally and distally with black ; postmedial fascia boldly outcurved between veins R, and M,, very slender, lime green ; distad of the postmedial fascia is a broad band of deep quaker drab, interrupted by the ground colour between veins R, and M,; termen slenderly and brokenly deep quaker drab. Hind wing light buff, the termen lightly irrorate with drab, bilobate and cleft almost to the base — of the wing along the submedian fold ; the posterior lobe is broadened terminad and extends for two-thirds of the length of the anterior part of the wing, which is tufted in its distal half. In the female the patagia and the abdomen are black and the hind wing is entire, tilleul buff and suffused with fuscous, especially terminad, with a faintly marked subterminal fascia of the ground colour. Distinguished from other species in the genus by the striking pattern. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii. 1934 (L. E. Cheesman), holotype ¢ and allotype 9. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) novenaria sp. n. (Pl. 39 : D) g 20mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, lime green ; frons, head and thorax similarly coloured, the tegulae irrorate with fuscous. Fore wing: proximal seven-eighths vinaceous slate suffused with dark perilla purple, the distal edge sharply and evenly dentate and bounded by the parallel, light buff subterminal fascia ; basal fascia black ; antemedial fascia lime green and sinuous, weakly marked ; postmedial fascia lime green, boldly out-curved between veins R, and M, and sharply marked ; distal eighth of wing lime green, except for the vinaceous slate apex; termen slenderly vinaceous slate ; fringes chequered vinaceous slate and lime green. Hind wing tilleul buff lightly suffused with vinaceous slate, bilobate, cleft almost to the base of the wing along the submedian fold ; the posterior lobe is equal in length to the anterior part of the wing ; fringes light buff. Distinguished at once from other species in the genus by the remarkably distinctive pattern of the fore wing. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., li. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype ¢. ——s — — —— a a. ce 4 > ms > hele ae eS - iY ie NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 399 Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) recessilinea sp. n. (Pl. 39 : E) 619mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia equal in length to three times the diameter of the shaft. Palpus equal in length to twice the diameter of the eye, light buff ; frons, head and thorax similar, the latter irrorate with dark vinaceous gray. Abdomen light buff, second and third segments crested with fuscous ; extruded genital tufts cartridge buff ; fore wing lime green irrorate for the greater part with dark vinaceous gray, especially densely in the basal, medial and terminal areas ; postmedial fascia white and evenly curved from one-half costa to two-thirds inner margin, but clearly marked only posterior of vein M, ; distad of the postmedial fascia a short, broad band of the ground colour extends from vein M, to the inner margin ; the only other areas of lime green are situate at the tornus, where there is a small spot and near the termen between veins Sc; and R,. Hind wing tilleul buff suffused with drab terminad, bilobate, cleft along the submedian fold almost to the base of the wing; the posterior lobe is broadened distally and is equal in length to the anterior part of the wing ; both parts are glossy and densely clothed with long hair-scales. Related to M. rotundata Warren (1906), from which it is distinguished by the colour and pattern of the fore wing and the drab, not violet, and more densely hairy hind wing. BRITISH NEW GUINEA : Mambare R., 5,000 ft., iv. 1906, (A. S. Meek), holotype d. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) dympna sp. n. (PIo39.2 55) 6 2I1mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia equal in length to the diameter of the shaft. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, light buff. Frons and head light buff. Thorax fuscous, the patagia and tegulae with a few light buff scales. Abdomen light buff, first, second and eighth segments irrorate with fuscous, second and third segments crested with fuscous. Fore wing deep olive buff densely irrorate with fuscous ; basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae double, dentate, deep olive buff and ill-defined, except the postmedial, which is clearly marked posterior of the submedian fold ; subterminal fascia slender and deep olive buff, clearly defined only at the tornus and between veins R, and Rs, where it is dilate to the termen and edged proximally with a white spot ; basal area with a spot of orange cinnamon on the subcostal vein ; medial area orange cinnamon in proximal half and distal fourth, the remaining slender band cinnamon edged proximally and distally with fuscous ; fringes chequered light buff and fuscous. Hind wing tilleul buff, glossy and bilobate, cleft almost to the base along the submedian fold ; posterior lobe one-half as long as the anterior part of the wing ; fringes light buff. The conspicuous orange cinnamon of the fore wing quickly distinguishes this species from others in the genus. CENTRAL DutcH NEw Guinea : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype 3. 400 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) conquadrata sp. n. (Pl. 39 : F) 3§ 23 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, warm buff ; frons and head warm buff. Thorax warm buff densely irrorate with dark vinaceous drab. Abdomen cartridge buff, seventh and eighth segments irrorate with snuff brown, second and third segments crested with dark vinaceous drab. Fore wing dark vinaceous drab, basal and terminal areas irrorate with black ; antemedial fascia black, angled on subcostal vein, thence straight to inner margin ; postmedial fascia black, straight from costa to inner margin ; medial area warm sepia with a little dark vinaceous drab suffusion ; fringes chequered drab and fuscous. Hind wing bilobate, cleft almost to base along the submedian fold ; posterior lobe broadened distally, cartridge buff and glossy, two-thirds as long as the anterior part, which is light quaker drab with drab fringes. A distinctive species both in colour and pattern. The figure of this species on Pl. 39: F evidently illustrates a female, having entire hind wings, but the specimen is not in the British Museum. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuInEa : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype J. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) dystacta sp. n. (Pl. 39 : F) Similar in size, colour and pattern to M. eusemozona Prout (1916), with which it flies ; the fore wing is deeper terminally, with a less acutely angled apex ; the basal, medial and terminal areas are irrorate with ferruginous anterior of the subcostal vein, between the lower median and vein M, and posterior of the submedian fold and their margins are less smooth ; the distal margin of the medial area is bulged terminad between veins R; and M,, interrupting the lime green postmedial fascia, in some examples. Papua : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., 111.1934 (L. E. Cheesman), 2 3, 2 2, including holotype and allotype. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) ectocosma sp. n. (PL, 39/7-G} g 20-21 mm. Antenna and palpus as in the preceding species. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen white to light buff, the thorax very lightly irrorate with black and light yellowish olive, the abdomen tipped with drab. Fore wing white suffused with light yellowish olive, the white visible only in the subcostal area, in the anterior half of the postmedial fascia and at the termen between veins R, and M,; basal area irrorate with black ; medial area, narrowed towards inner margin, irrorate with black, very lightly in discal area, densely posterior of the median vein, and with ferruginous ; the distal margin of the medial area is toothed proximad with white along the subcostal vein ; subterminal fascia slender, white and dentate, interrupted NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 401 between veins Sc; and R, by a broad streak of white to pale salmon irrorate with ferruginous ; between the postmedial and subterminal fasciae is a black band irrorate with ferruginous, broad at the costa, broken between veins Sc; and R,, narrowed medially and broadened posteriorly to fuse with the medial area ; terminal, interneural spots toothed proximad and black ; fringes chequered black and white and lightly irrorate with ferruginous. Hind wing cartridge buff proximally, light quaker drab distally, incised half-way to DC between veins R, and R, and almost to base along the submedian fold; posterior lobe three-quarters as long as the anterior part, the posterior half of which is densely clothed with short hair-scales. Related to M. infantilis Warren (1907), from which it differs in the darkly irrorate sub-basal area, the broader medial area and the pattern and irroration of the terminal area of the fore wing. : CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuInEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911 (A. S. Meek), 3 3 including holotype. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) ni sp. n. (Pl. 39 : G) $6 23 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus rather less than twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head and anterior half of thorax cream buff ; posterior half of thorax Vandyke brown ; abdomen cream buff, second and third segments crested, first and eighth segments irrorate with dark vinaceous drab. Fore wing cleft half way to cell between veins M, and M, and produced a little and tapered between M, and submedian fold ; ground colour dark vinaceous drab irrorate with black, except proximad of the postmedial fascia and on the projection posterior of vein M, ; basal fascia and the triangle formed with it within the basal area by the subcostal and median veins, oil yellow ; the basal fascia is edged proximally with black ; proximal two-thirds of subcostal vein and the double, antemedial fascia, which is marked only at the costa, oil yellow ; postmedial fascia double, oil yellow distally, light buff proximally, extending from two-thirds costa to termen at vein R,, thence acutely angled mediad and failing at the deepest point of the incision into the wing between M, and M,; apical streak oil yellow; subterminal fascia very slender, cartridge buff, fusing with postmedial fascia at vein R, and further connected to it by a cartridge buff, zig-zag marking of the same colour between veins R, and R,; inner margin marked with black and Vandyke brown ; cell spot black and elongate ; two small tufts of fuscous hair-scales are situate, one on the middle of vein R, and the second just posterior of it ; fringes cream buff irrorate with drab ; longer and denser in the posterior third of the wing. Hind wing tilleul buff irrorate with drab posteriorly, shallowly incised between veins R, and R, and cleft to one-half along submedian fold, the posterior lobe being equal in length to the anterior part of the wing. Related to M. albimixta Warren (1906), differing in the shape of the hind wing and in the colour and pattern of both wings. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuinEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype ¢. 402 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) thaumasia sp. n. (Pl. 39 : H) g23mm. Antenna minutley ciliate. Palpus equal in length to twice the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head and thorax light yellowish olive to grape green. Abdomen cartridge buff, second and third segments crested, eighth segment irrorate with pinkish buff. Fore wing cleft to a little less than one-third between veins M, and M,; basal area Vandyke brown irrorate with ferruginous ; sub-basal area grape green; medial area white irrorate with Vandyke brown and ferruginous, densely costally and especially so just posterior of the median vein at the proximal side ; posterior third of medial area cleanly white with the scales appressed anterior of the submedian fold ; tornus and distal two-sevenths of costa broadly Vandyke brown irrorate with ferruginous ; termen slenderly of the same colour in discal area ; subterminal fascia cartridge buff, marked faintly at costa and broadly at inner margin only ; remainder of terminal area grape green, toning to lime green distally ; fringes lime green. Hind wing cartridge buff and glossy, trilobate with fringes of long hair-scales ; the wing is cleft to the discocellulars between veins R, and R, and almost to base of wing along the submedian fold ; the two anterior lobes are tapered distally, the costal one produced ; the anal lobe is shorter, rounded and irrorate with deep mouse gray basad. Related to the preceding species, differing in the structure of the hind wing and in the colour and pattern of both wings. CENTRAL DutcH NEW GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911 (A. S. Meek), 2 3, including holotype. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) monochasma sp. n. (Pl. 39 : H) g§ 29 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus two and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons and head cartridge buff irrorate with lime green. Thorax lime green irrorate with fuscous. Abdomen cartridge buff irrorate with lime green and drab. Fore wing much broadened distally, apex produced ; ground colour lime green, a little sparsely scaled ; transverse fasciae ill-defined and broken, fuscous, lightly irrorate with brownish vinaceous in the discal and submedian folds ; termen slenderly fuscous, toothed proximad between the veins ; fringes chequered lime green and fuscous. Hind wing cartridge buff and glossy, broadly incised along three-fifths of the length of the submedian fold ; vein M, in the anterior part of the wing is produced beyond the termen as a small, tufted fold ; posterior lobe broadened distally, termen crenulate. Distinguished from other species in the genus by the broad incision in the hind wing and by the colour and pattern of the fore wing. CENTRAL DutcH New GuINngEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 19II (A. S. Meek), holotype 3. Micromia (Prosthetopteryx) dilopha sp. n. (PL: 36: A) 3 26mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of Ee _ NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 403 the eye, pinkish cinnamon. Frons and head pinkish cinnamon densely irrorate with bister, the head with a few white scales. Prothorax and mesothorax bister ; metathorax white ; patagia pinkish cinnamon ; tegulae broadly pinkish cinnamon in basal third, white in medial third and bister in apical third. Abdomen white anteriorly shading to light buff posteriorly, lightly irrorate with bister ; first and seventh segments each bear a pair of long, pinkish cinnamon hair tufts laterally. Fore wing pinkish cinnamon, thinly scaled in distal half between veins Sc, and M,, and irrorate with black, lightly in the proximal and distal thirds of the subcostal area and densely posterior of the median vein and vein M,; postmedial fascia white and double, broadly marked at costa, then only faintly on the veins, where it is edged proximally with a few black scales ; subterminal fascia punctiform, black proximally and white distally, the black part being much enlarged proximad between the radial and medial veins ; cell spot large, tufted and black ; inner margin tufted with black scales at one-third and in distal third ; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes pinkish cinnamon, white-spotted at the vein ends. Hind wing widely cleft almost to base along submedian fold ; posterior lobe cartridge buff, equal in length to the anterior part, which is cartridge buff except for the posterior, distal fourth, which is light quaker drab ; vein M, is produced as a small, densely tufted fold. Similar in wing structure to the preceding species, but quite distinct in colour and pattern. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911 (A, S. Meek), holotype 3. Chloroclystis consueta bowringi subsp. n. (Pl. 39 : H) Differs from c. consueta Butler (1897) from Japan in colour. In the nominate subspecies the pattern is marked in drab ; in bowringz it is marked in fuscous black ; on the fore wing the basal fascia is strongly marked ; the medial area is broadly margined proximally and slenderly margined distally and irrorate with fuscous black anterior of the median vein. Cuina: SE. Ichang, Ya-chiao-ling, vi.1922 (C. T. Bowring), 3 3, 3 9, including holotype and allotype. Chloroclystis leucopygata cata subsp. n. Darker, more fuscous in colour with scarcely a trace of the red-brown tone, which is present in /. leucopygata Warren (1896) and especially in J. tcterar1za Swinhoe (1903) ; the white, subterminal dots on both wings are more sharply marked, the one between veins R, and M, on the hind wing enlarged. Underside with the fuscous black postmedial band intensified. SW. CELEBES: Pangean near Maros, 2,000 ft., iii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), 6 J, 4 9, including holotype and allotype. 404 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Chloroclystis horistes sp. n. (Pl. 39 : I) 6 26mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, heavily scaled. Palpus, frons, head and thorax cartridge buff, patagia and tegulae pale olivine. Abdomen long and slender, warm buff (?discoloured green), the second, third and eighth tergites fuscous. Fore wing pale olivine ; basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae slender and broken, fuscous ; sub-basal and medial areas irrorate with fuscous and with a little vinaceous brown in the subcostal region ; subterminal fascia weakly marked, white edged proximally with broad, fuscous patches at the costa, between the radial veins and posterior of vein M,; cell spot elongate and fuscous. Hind wing pale olivine, proximal half irrorate with fuscous ; subterminal fascia white and dentate, broadly edged proximally with fuscous. Termen in each wing slenderly fuscous. Differs from C. hypopyrrha West (1929) in the very much paler green ground colour of the wings and the very clearly defined, white subterminal fascia on the hind wing. NEPAL (Frontier of): Phalloloong, 12,600 ft., vii.1905, holotype ¢. Chloroclystis atroviridis perspecta subsp. n. Q 27mm. Larger than a. atroviridis Warren (1893) from Assam, which has a wing span of 20-22 mm., darker green, bice green instead of pale olivine, and both wings are irrorate with fuscous, the fore wing in the discal and submedian areas and the hind wing in the basal half ; the termen is slenderly fuscous and the fringes are heavily spotted with fuscous at the vein ends on both wings. CEYLON : Patipola, xi.1908, holotype 9. Chloroclystis boarmica sp. n. (PI39°2:5) 2 22mm. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen light buff very lightly irrorate with fuscous ; tergites two to seven densely irrorate with black. Fore wing with areole broad and vein Sc, anastomosing almost immediately with the costal vein ; ground colour light buff lightly irrorate with fuscous anterior of the postmedial fascia, densely irrorate with fuscous and faintly tinged with green posterior of it ; transverse fasciae, except subterminal, fuscous and ill-defined ; basal fascia broad and evenly curved from costa to inner margin ; antemedial fascia inclined tornad from costa, acutely angled in discal fold, thence straight to inner margin ; medial and postmedial fasciae parallel to antemedial and slender ; subterminal fascia light buff and dentate, sharply defined and edged proximally with dense fuscous ; termen slenderly fuscous black, streaked proximad between the veins to reach the subterminal fascia ; cell spot minute ; fringes fuscous with light buff spots at the vein ends. The hind wing differs only in the basal half, where the transverse fasciae are all slender, parallel to the termen and fail anterior of the subcostal vein. Superficially resembles a ee ae a ee NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 405 a S. American Physocleora ; placed provisionally next to C. infrazebrina Hampson (1895), from which it differs both in size and pattern, but may well have a specialized male. SW. CELEBES: G. Lampobattang, Parango-bobo-Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), 4 9, including holotype ; G. Tompoe, Paloe, 2,700 ft., 1.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9; G. Rangkoenau, Paloe, 1,800 ft., xii.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9. Chloroclystis naga sp. n. (Pl. 39 : I) 2 20 mm. Palpus rather longer than the diameter of the eye, drab irrorate with fuscous. Frons slightly produced, of similar colour. Head light drab. Thorax light drab irrorate with smoke gray. Abdomen brownish drab, the second, third, seventh and eighth segments fuscous. Fore wing drab with a tinge of cinnamon in the sub-basal area and distad of the medial area and lightly irrorate with smoke gray ; basal fascia fuscous ; postmedial fascia fuscous, broad in anterior third and toothed strongly proximad in the discal fold ; subterminal fascia pale and very faintly marked, edged proximally by a large, fuscous spot both at the costa and the submedian fold. Hind wing with termen shallowly incurved between veins R, and R,; general colour as on fore wing ; basal fascia broad, postmedial finely toothed proximad in discal fold, right-angled between veins R, and M,, thence dentate to anal margin ; subterminal fascia scarcely traceable and with a little fuscous irroration proximad of it at anal margin. Fringes of both wings drab with pale points at the vein ends. Similar in general appearance to C. speciosa Swinhoe (1902), but differing in the almost uniformly gray-brown distal thirds of both fore and hind wings. InpDIA : Naga Hills, 5-7,000 ft., viii-ix.1889 (W. Doherty), holotype 9. Chloroclystis sinuosa reddita subsp. n. (PL 36:05) $2 14mm. Smaller than either s. sinuosa Swinhoe (1895) or sinuosa nigrilineata Hampson (1896) and brown instead of gray in general appearance. Both wings are irrorate with bister and the fuscous transverse fasciae are less well-defined and contrasted than in either of the other two subspecies. CryLon : Haputale, July, holotype 3 ; ibid., September, 1 J ; Maskeliya, August, allotype 2 ; Madulsima, xi.1905, 1 ¢ ; Hanbantola (J. Pole), 2 3, 1 &. Chloroclystis griseorufa tranquillata subsp. n. Differs from g. griseorufa Hampson (1898) in the fore wing, in the less dentate antemedial fascia and particularly in the shape of the postmedial fascia, which is sinuous ; in the nominate subspecies the postmedial fascia of the fore wing is produced distad and acutely angled on vein Rg. Mataya : Kuala Lumpur, 11.v.1931 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 9. 406 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Chloroclystis actephilae sp. n. (Pl. 39 : K) 3g 18-20 mm.; 2 22-23 mm. Both male and female antennae minutely ciliate. The palpi are equal in length to the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons and head cartridge buff, the palpus irrorate with fuscous. Thorax honey yellow, patagia and tegulae light drab. Abdomen cartridge buff irrorate with light drab, each segment with a pair of honey yellow spots ; in the male the first three segments are fuscous. Fore wing: costa light drab to mouse gray ; two pale fasciae cross the medial area, other transverse fasciae cartridge buff edged both proximally and distally with drab to mouse gray ; basal fascia usually wanting ; antemedial bowed mediad between subcostal vein and submedian fold ; basal and medial areas and that area between the postmedial and subterminal fasciae honey yellow ; cell spot wanting ; fringes chequered cartridge buff and drab. Hind wing: postmedial fascia right-angled between veins R; and M,, proximad of which it is honey yellow irrorate with drab to mouse gray costally and crossed by a pale medial fascia : remainder of wing similar to fore wing. Related to C. polygrapha Hampson (1912), from which it differs in the softer tone of the pattern and the conspicuous honey yellow medial area. S. Inp1A : Kanara, Castle Rock, 3-11.vi.1920 (T. R. Bell), II 4, 25 9, including holotype and allotype ; Western Ghats (T. R. Bell), 2 3, 2 @. Chloroclystis eichhorni sp. n. (Pl. 39: L) g12mm. Antennasimple. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head and thorax pale smoke gray irrorate with black. Abdomen lime green. Fore wing lime green ; proximal two-thirds of costa slenderly black ; distal sixth of costa and termen, except between veins R, and M,, smoke gray ; discal area lightly irrorate with smoke gray ; veins with a few black scales ; black antemedial fascia marked in discal fold only ; black postmedial fascia extends diagonally terminad from two-thirds costa almost to termen, failing between veins R, and M,; fringes smoke gray with pale points at the vein ends. Hind wing: anal margin lime green with a black spot indicating the only part of the postmedial fascia which is marked ; remainder of wing drab. Related to C. fragilis Warren (1899), from which it differs in the bright lime green fore wing and the almost uniformly drab hind wing. NEw IRELAND : xi-xii.1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), holotype 3. Chloroclystis distigma sp. n. (Pl. 40 : A) 2 18-19 mm. Similar in size and general appearance to C. exsanguis Warren (1907) ; ground colour of wings lime green ; basal two-fifths of costa black with the = ee — a eh ey ne NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 407 beginning of the antemedial fascia produced to just posterior of the subcostal vein ; postmedial fascia marked by a broad, black spot at three-fifths costa and by a black spot at two-thirds inner margin; subterminal fascia white and dentate, edged proximally with black between the veins, more broadly at costa and tornus. DutcH NEw GUINEA: Snow Mts., Upper Setekwa River, 2-3,000 ft., viii. 1g1o (A. S. Meek), 2 2, including holotype. Chloroclystis rhodopis sp. n. (Pl. 40 : A) $6 15 mm.; 918 mm. Similar in size and general appearance to C. continuata Warren (1907). On the fore wing the ferruginous irroration is much reduced and differently distributed, being confined to the basal area, the apex and between - veins R, and M, distad of the postmedial fascia, which is acutely angled between veins R, and R, and thence extends almost straight to one-half inner margin ; the medial area is white ; the transverse fasciae are irrorate with ferruginous and are not uniformly fuscous as in that species. On the hind wing the basal area is white, not broadly fuscous and the postmedial fascia is smooth and not dentate. BritisH NEw GuInEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., iv.1918 (Eichhorn Bros.), holotype 3. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuIneEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 191 I (A. S. Meek), 1 9. Chloroclystis infusata errabunda subsp. n. Differs from 7. infusata Walker (1866) in the more sharply defined postmedial fascia on both wings ; also in the white to cartridge buff irroration, especially in the subcostal region of the fore wing both proximad and distad of the medial area. ForRMOSA : I1.vi.1907 (A. E. Wileman), 1 3 ; Takow, 28 .ix.1904 (A. E. Wileman), holotype ¢ ; 7bid., 30. viii. 1904, I J, 9 ; Kanshirei, 28 .iv-8.v.1908 (A. E. Wileman), Bin, 2 &. Chloroclystis infusata albitornalis subsp. n. (Pl. 40 : B) Ground colour bister ; on the fore wing the basal area and the distal third, between veins R, and M,, are densely irrorate with light buff. On the hind wing the posterior half of the distal third is similarly irrorate. S. Inp1a : Karwar, 18-23.viii.1926 (T. R. Bell), 2 3,5 9, including holotype and allotype ; Belgaum (Watson coll.), 1 2; Travancore, Peermade (Mrs. Imray), 1 9. CEYLON : 4 g, 2 2; Puttalam, 1 ¢; Putaloya, 1 ¢; Maskeliya, 1 9; Uva, I 9; Patipola, 1 ¢; Kalutara, 1 ¢. Chloroclystis infusata exortiva subsp. n. A little smaller than the preceding subspecies and more contrastingly marked. 408 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE The ground colour is even darker than in 7. albitornalis and the irroration paler, cartridge buff and more diffuse in the proximal half of the fore wing. RossEL I.: Mt. Rossel, 2,100 ft., xi-xii. 1915 (W. F. Eichhorn), 7 3, ats including holotype and allotype. GOODENOUGH I.: 2,500-4,000 ft., iii. 1913 (A. S. Meek), I Q. NEw HANOVER: iii.1913 (A. S. Meek), 1 9 Rook L.: vii.1913 (A. S. Meek), 1 3. Chloroclystis taraxichroma sp. n. (Pl. 40 : A) $2 15-16 mm. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, thorax and abdomen cartridge buff densely irrorate with light drab to hair brown. Head light to warm buff. Fore wing light drab to hair brown ; double postmedial and single medial and subterminal fasciae dentate and parallel to termen, light buff in subcostal region, then smoke gray ; antemedial fascia and posterior part of medial area light to warm buff ; veins sparsely scaled with black ; cell spot wanting ; fringes light drab proximally and spotted light buff at the vein ends, smoke gray distally. Hind wing similar to fore wing, except that the transverse fasciae are light buff at the anal margin and not at the costa ; in one specimen the greater part of the wing is light buff. Related to C. latifascia Walker (1866), differing in the light buff posterior part of the medial area on the fore wing. E. Batti: Batoeriti, 3,500 ft., vi.1935 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype g and I 9; Git-Git, v.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), allotype 9. Chloroclystis breyniae sp. n. (Pl. 40 : A) $2 12-13 mm. Palpus a little longer than the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen light drab to drab gray irrorate with vinaceous brown to fuscous; wings similarly coloured. On the fore wing the postmedial fascia is pale, divided and edged both proximally and distally with fuscous, angled on vein R,, thence direct to five-eighths inner margin ; subterminal fascia pale, dentate and parallel to termen; radial and medial veins irrorate with fuscous. Hind wing similar, except for the postmedial fascia, which is parallel to the termen ; the termen is almost regular, only faintly sinuous; vein Sc, is short-stalked. Underside paler, especially the hind wing, and weakly marked ; fore wing with ill-defined, pale bands representing postmedial and subterminal fasciae ; hind wing with postmedial fascia present and with appreciable shading on each side of the subterminal fascia. An inconspicuous and weakly marked species provisionally placed next to C. latifascia Walker (1866). InpIA : Pusa, reared from larva found on Breynia rhamnoides, 5.v.1920 (Rangt coll.), holotype 3; ibid., larva collected 10.xi.1922, pupated, 13.xi.1922, emerged 25.xi.1922, allotype 9; Pusa, 19.vii.1923 (Box coll.), 1 3. a ‘ : K SS ee eee ee eee NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 409 Chloroclystis woodjonesi sp. n. (Pl. 40 : B) Q15-17mm. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, cartridge buff, the first segment sometimes warm sepia. Frons, head, thorax and abdomen cartridge buff, thorax and abdomen irrorate with warm sepia. Fore wing : proximal three- fourths cartridge buff to light buff irrorate with warm sepia distally ; terminal fourth warm sepia ; the whole is irrorate with iridescent smoke gray, more densely in the distal half of the wing ; basal and antemedial fasciae dentate and fuscous ; antemedial fascia toothed sharply distad in submedian fold; postmedial fascia warm sepia, sinuous anterior of vein R, and parallel to termen posterior of it ; two dentate fasciae of the ground colour extend parallel to the termen in the distal fourth of the wing ; fringes warm sepia proximally with slenderly connected warm buff spots at the vein ends and drab distally. Hind wing similar. Related to C. lepbta Meyrick (1886), from which it differs in the smoother postmedial fascia and the darker, terminal fourths of both wings. Cocos KEELING I.: (Ff. Wood-Jones), 2 9, including holotype ; zbzd., vi.1903, ge Y; sbtd., vi. 1905, I &. Chloroclystis lepta aeneta subsp. n. Pasiphela lepta Meyrick, 1886, Trans. ent Soc. Lond. 1886 : 191 (part). Differs from /. lepta from the Marshall Islands in the ground colour of the wings, which is white instead of tilleul buff ; the markings are pale, except at costa, and more sharply defined and contrasted. ToncAa: holotype 9. Chloroclystis invisibilis invita subsp. n. (Pl. 40 : B) Differs from 7. ¢nvisibilis Warren (1893) in wing pattern. On the fore wing the antemedial fascia is less dentate, the strongly projecting, proximal tooth in the submedian fold is much reduced; the postmedial fascia is slender and weakly marked. On the hind wing the postmedial fascia is bowed basad in the discal area and not evenly curved as in the nominate subspecies. W. CELEBES : Koelawi, Paloe, 3,700 ft., iii-iv.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 3 and allotype 9. Chloroclystis filata (Guenée) ab. albiplaga ab. n. Posterior of the median vein and vein Rg, the distal seven-eighths of the medial area is white. NEw Soutu WALES: Sydney, x.1878 (G. H. R.), holotype 9. 410 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Chloroclystis magnimaculata irabunda subsp. n. (Pl. 40 : D) Differs from m. magnimaculata Philpott (1915) in the suffusion of both wings with russet ; the white, dentate postmedial fascia is, on that account, more clearly © defined. NEw ZEALAND : Flagstaff, 8.xii.1914, 5 9 ; bid., 2.1. 1915, 9 3, including holotype. Chloroclystis lanaris aequabilis subsp. n. Differs from J. Janaris Warren (1896) in the suffusion of the paler areas of both wings with lime green; on the fore wing the bister irroration proximad of the clearly marked and strongly contrasted, white antemedial, postmedial and subterminal fasciae is intensified and dense. SuvEsT I.: Mt. Riu, 2,000 ft., iii. 1916 (Eichhorn Bros.), holotype 3. Chloroclystis antarctica Hudson ab. hudsoni ab. n. (Pl. 40 : E) This aberration was described and figured by Hudson (1928, Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand, 93, pl. 44: 4), but was not named. According to Hudson, it is ““a rather remarkable brown form with similar markings to the ordinary C. bilineolata ’’ and is recorded from Arthur’s Pass in the South Island of New Zealand. Chloroclystis xenisma sp. n. (Pl. 40 : I) g17mm.;918mm. Antennae ciliate ; male cilia one-half as long as the diameter of the shaft ; female cilia minute. Male palpus one and one-half times as long, female palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, light buff. Frons and head light buff. Thorax and abdomen drab gray. Male: fore wing with arched costa, drab gray to light quaker drab ; postmedial fascia double and lunulate ; subterminal fascia single and dentate, both tilleul buff edged proximally with some fuscous suffusion ; basal third of costa and veins fuscous, the latter with a few, scattered, black scales ; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes chequered drab gray and light buff. Hind wing with slightly crenulate termen and, except for costa, similarly coloured to the fore wing. Underside smoke gray and glossy ; basal two-fifths of fore wing densely clothed with specialized, ochraceous orange scales, which lengthen in the medial fifth of the wing and are black ; basal half of hind wing similar to base of fore wing. In the female the costa of the fore wing is not arched and the underside of both wings is drab, rather darker distally. Distinctive in the genus on account of the vivid male underside and the colour of the uppersides of both sexes. W. CELEBES: G. Tompoe, Paloe, 2,700 ft., ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 3; ibid., i.1937, allotype 2 ; Koelawi, Paloe, 3,100 ft., ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 g. wore a? ee mes Ee NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 411 Chloroclystis pugnax sp. n. (Pl. 40 : I) g 17mm. Antenna similar to that of the preceding species. Palpus one and one-quarter times as long as the diameter of the eye, drab. Fons, head and thorax drab. Abdomen pinkish buff irrorate with drab, segments 4-7 edged posteriorly with fuscous. Fore wing tilleul buff lightly irrorate with drab, except immediately proximad and distad of the medial area, which is densely drab, the margins slenderly bister ; proximal margin bowed gently distad in submedian fold, distal margin bowed boldly terminad between veins R, and M,. Hind wing similar, but with a paler and with a much less well-defined medial area ; basal area densely bister. Underside tilleul buff and glossy suffused costally with pinkish buff; anterior of the submedian fold, from one-seventh to one-half costa, the fore wing is densely clothed with short, fuscous black scales. Related to the preceding species, from which it differs in the shorter palpus and in the pattern of both the upper and under- sides of both wings. BritisH NEW GuINEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., i.1918 (Ezchhorn Bros.), holotype 3. Chloroclystis apotoma sp. n. CPl..40.3-1) g16mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia one-half as long as the diameter of the shaft. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head and thorax cartridge buff, palpus and lower frons irrorate with fuscous ; tegulae tinged very faintly with lime green. Abdomen: first segment cartridge buff irrorate with pinkish cinnamon and with a fuscous, medio-dorsal spot ; second segment ferruginous with some fuscous irroration ; remainder pinkish cinnamon. Fore wing: costa arched, the medial fifth tufted ; ground colour cartridge buff lightly tinged with lime green ; anterior half of basal area irrorate with fuscous ; fuscous antemedial fascia acutely angled basad on median vein ; medial third of wing, from costa to vein M,, densely clothed with specialized, ferruginous scales ; posterior of M, it is irrorate with fuscous ; distal third of wing irrorate with cinnamon buff and fuscous ; subterminal fascia faintly defined, broadly edged on proximal side with fuscous, except between radial veins, and toothed distad, slenderly in fuscous, posterior of vein R,; termen broadly tinged with quaker drab, except at tornus, which is densely cinnamon. Hind wing cartridge buff lightly tinged with lime green and crossed by several slender, ill-defined, fuscous fasciae. Underside : fore wing pinkish cinnamon suffused with bister in proximal third of costa. Hind wing tilleul buff, margins tinged with pinkish cinnamon ; cell spot and postmedial fascia faintly drab. Related to C. tortwosa West (1929) from the Philippine Is., differing in its smaller size, deeper coloured and less extensive specialized scaling on the fore wing and in the more densely marked hind wing. S.W. CELEBES: G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo-Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 3. 412 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Chloroclystis omocydia sp. n. (Pl. 40 : I) g14mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus one and one-half times the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head and thorax cartridge buff irrorate with deep olive buff, palpus and lower frons also irrorate with fuscous ; tegulae each with a large spot of old rose. Fore wing cartridge buff irrorate with deep olive buff; costa arched ; basal two-fifths of subcostal region old rose irrorate with fuscous distally; an area of dense, long, cartridge buff, specialized scaling extends posteriorly from medial fifth of costa to discal fold ; posterior of discal fold there is a larger area of shorter, drab, specialized scaling extending from two-fifths to four-fifths submedian vein ; subterminal fascia white and dentate, edged broadly on the proximal side with drab, except between vein R, and discal fold ; distad of the subterminal fascia the wing is deep olive buff, the subcostal and radial veins lightly irrorate with black ; subcostal, median and submedian veins similarly marked in basal third of wing ; fringes chequered light buff and drab. Hind wing, including fringes, deep olive buff; transverse fasciae pale and largely ill-defined ; postmedial double, subterminal single and dentate ; veins lightly irrorate with black. A distinctive species recognizable by the specialized scaling and the bright, old rose proximal two-fifths of the subcostal region of the fore wing. BRITISH NEw GUINEA : Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., iv.1918 (Eichhorn Bros.), holotype 3. Chloroclystis autopepla sp. n. (Pl. 40 : I) g 17mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus proportioned as in the preceding species. Palpus, frons, head and thorax cartridge buff, palpus and lower frons densely irrorate with black and pinkish vinaceous. Abdomen : first and second. segments black and pinkish vinaceous ; remainder deep to dark olive buff, seventh segment spotted with black laterally. Fore wing : costa arched ; proximal two-fifths of subcostal region pinkish vinaceous irrorate with black, posterior of which is an area of deep to dark olive buff extending diagonally distad to three-fifths inner margin with black spots, two on vein M,, one at base and one at one-third, and two on submedian vein, one at one-fifth and one at three-fifths ; a band of warm buff, specialized scaling extends diagonally tornad from medial fifth of costa, failing just posterior of discal area ; remainder of wing, except apex, pinkish vinaceous irrorate with fuscous, especially strongly proximad of the dentate, cartridge buff subterminal fascia ; apex cartridge buff irrorate with pinkish vinaceous ; fringes chequered cartridge buff and drab. Hind wing, including fringes, deep to dark olive buff ; medial fascia sinuous and broad, black distally, pinkish vinaceous proximally, distad of which the veins are very lightly irrorate with black. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GUINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., li. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype 2. Se —— — “Ti NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 413 Chloroclystis alpinista eupora subsp. n. (Pl. 40 : K) Differs from a. alpinista Turner (1907) in the colour of the wings, which is light vinaceous cinnamon instead of fuscous brown. Key Is.: 2.iii.1897 (H. Kuhn), 1 3. W. Batti: Mondoktoempang, 2,500 ft., x.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 9. S.W. CELEBES: Tjamba, near Maros, 1,500 ft., ii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9; Koelawi, Paloe, 3,100 ft., iii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), I 9. PHILIPPINE Is.: Luzon, Benguet, Klondyke, 800 ft., 19. xii. 1g11 (A. E. Wileman) zo. Chloroclystis acervicosta sp. n. (Pl. 40 : K) g 12 mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia one-third as long as the diameter of the shaft. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen tilleul buff irrorate with vinaceous brown and fuscous ; abdomen the most densely irrorate. Fore wing tilleul buff irrorate with vinaceous brown and fuscous, densely in the medial area ; densely also between the pale postmedial and subterminal fasciae, except between veins Sc; and R, and between R, and M, ; medial third of wing, anterior of discal fold, densely clothed with long hair scales, which are tilleul buff tipped with fuscous. Hind wing similarly coloured ; posterior half of distal third, except anal angle, clear tilleul buff. Distinguished by its small size and by the specialized scaling on the fore wing. SAMBAWA : iv.1891 (Doherty), holotype 3. Chloroclystis catabares sp. n. (Pl. 40 : K) , 6 14mm.;215 mm. Antennae shortly ciliate in both sexes, the cilia equal in length to one-third of the diameter of the shaft, rather denser in the male. Male palpus one and one-third, female palpus one and one-half times as long as the © diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen cartridge buff irrorate with purplish vinaceous and fuscous, frons and head lightly, palpus, thorax and abdomen densely ; patagia and tegulae tipped with smoke gray. Male. Fore wing : costa arched medially ; ground colour cartridge buff very faintly tinged with green, clearest in subbasal area; basal, medial and terminal areas irrorate densely with purplish vinaceous and edged lightly with fuscous ; medial area tufted with short, specialized scaling along costa ; double postmedial and single subterminal fasciae pale ; distad of the subterminal fascia the wing is light quaker drab ; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes chequered cartridge buff and drab. Hind wing with termen evenly rounded ; similar in colour to fore wing, but lacks specialized scaling along costa. The female differs in having a less arched costa and lacking the specialized scaling on the fore wing. Placed provisionally next to C. modesta ENTOM 6. 12. 23 414 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Warren (1893), from which it differs in the less pronounced arching of the costa of the male fore wing, the evenly rounded termen of the hind wing in both sexes and in wing pattern. W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 5 3, 7 Q- including holotype and allotype; Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, goo ft., ix.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 2 ; ibid., 1,800 ft., xii. 1936, 1 9 ; Pangean, near Maros, 2,000 ft., iii. 1938 (J. P. A. Kahks), zd. Chloroclystis curviscapulis sp. n. (Pl. 40 : K) ¢ 19 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus one and one-quarter times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen cream ~ buff (possibly faded dark olive buff) irrorate with fuscous and black, palpus and lower frons the most densely irrorate. Fore wing : costa strongly arched in basal — third ; ground colour dark olive buff irrorate with fuscous, densely in the sub-basal — area, in the distal fourth of the medial area and in the distal third of the wing anterior of the discal fold; veins sparsely scaled with black ; postmedial fascia tilleul buff shaded both proximally and distally with black ; subterminal fascia tilleul buff, slender and strongly dentate, marked only in anterior half of wing; © termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes fuscous proximally, paling to drab in distal half with cream buff spots at the vein ends. Hind wing: ground colour dark olive buff irrorate with fuscous ; medial area crossed from costa to anal margin by three ill-defined fuscous fasciae ; subterminal fascia traceable only by its broad, fuscous, — proximal shade and by a large, white spot between veins R, and M, ; termen and fringes as on fore wing. Related to C. subcostalis Hampson (1893), from which it — differs in the fore wing, having a less sharply arched costa, a less clearly defined postmedial fascia and lacking the subcostal fold of that species with its specialized scaling. The female specimen represented on Pl. 40 : K is not in the British Museum ~ and its present whereabouts are not known. Inp1IA : Darjeeling, Gopaldhara, 3,440-5,800 ft. (H. Stevens), holotype ¢. Chloroclystis melampepla sp. n. (Pl. 40 : L) 919 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus one and one-third times as long as the diameter of the eye, black tipped with olive buff. rons and head olive buff irrorate with black. Thorax smoke gray densely irrorate with black. Abdomen : first segment black, remainder dark olive buff, the segments slenderly edged posteriorly with fuscous. Fore wing: basal third dark olive buff irrorate proximally and distally with black ; ante- and postmedial fasciae parallel, curved — boldly terminad medially, slender, lunulate and fuscous ; distad of the postmedial © fascia, areas of dark olive buff are situate at costa and inner margin ; subterminal fascia pale and faintly marked, edged proximally by two conspicuous, fuscous areas, one at costa and one in discal fold ; remainder of wing olive buff very sparsely © 0 EO — eatin ee a ————- -- = —— = NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 415 irrorate with black. Hind wing: anal margin and distal third dark olive buff ; remainder olive buff, the whole irrorate with fuscous ; veins very sparsely irrorate with black; basal fascia broadly black; medial area slenderly edged distally, subterminal fascia broadly shaded proximally with black ; a large, white spot is situate in terminal ninth between veins R, and M,. Almost certainly related to C. subcostalis Hampson (1893), from which it differs in the gray-green rather than pinkish cinnamon general colour, in the less well-defined lunulate and more slender postmedial fascia and in the more strongly contrasted, fuscous antemedial and terminal markings. Until the male is known, one cannot be sure that this species is correctly placed, as it has some similarity to C. invisibilis invita Prout. W. CELEBES: Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800ft., xii. 1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype &. Chloroclystis orphnobathra sp. n. (Pl. 40 : K) g 16mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus equal in length to the diameter of the eye; first segment broad, second segment slender, both long-scaled and fuscous ; third segment pyriform, short-scaled and dark vinaceous brown. Frons and head light buff irrorate with dark vinaceous brown. Thorax fuscous. Abdomen light buff irrorate with pinkish buff and dark vinaceous brown ; first three segments irrorate with fuscous. Fore wing : basal fifth with costa strongly arched and shortly tufted with specialized scales, uniformly dark vinaceous brown ; terminal area suffused with olive buff ; remainder of wing pinkish buff irrorate with dark vinaceous brown,, rather more densely costad ; postmedial fascia slender, curved boldly terminad in discal area and streaked basad along submedian fold, dark vinaceous brown ; distad of the postmedial fascia there are interneural, dark vinaceous streaks, except between veins R, and M,; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes chequered light buff and dark vinaceous brown. Hind wing : distal third pale pinkish buff ; anal margin dark olive buff; basal and medial areas densely irrorate with dark vinaceous brown ; distad of the medial area there is a slender fascia of dark vinaceous brown, toothed to the termen posterior of vein Sc, and between the radial veins ; termen slenderly dark vinaceous brown ; fringes pale pinkish buff. Related to C. subcostais Hampson (1893), differing in its smaller size and the sharply contrasting basal fifth of the fore wing. ‘MaayaA : Kedah Peak, 3,000 ft., 20.iii.1928 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 3. Chloroclystis oedalea sp. n. (Pl. 40 : L) 6218 mm. Antennae of both sexes shortly ciliate. Palpi one and one-quarter times as long as the diameter of the eye. Male. Palpus : first and second segments short-scaled, third segment with a dense tuft of scales on the undersurface, pinkish buff. Frons and head pinkish buff. Thorax and abdomen pinkish buff irrorate 416 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE with dark vinaceous brown and fuscous. Fore wing : costa sharply shouldered at one-fifth ; medial three-fifths of subcostal fold pinkish cinnamon, anterior and posterior edges shortly tufted with brownish drab, specialized scaling proximally ; remainder of wing brownish drab, irrorate with fuscous in basal area and densely so in subterminal area at costa and between radial veins and at inner margin; fuscous distal margin of medial area and a slender, white fascia parallel to and distad of it are lunulate from subcostal fold to vein Rs, almost right-angled between veins R, and M,, thence straight to three-quarters inner margin. Hind wing brownish drab ; fuscous distal margin of medial area and a slender, white fascia parallel to and distad of it are strongly toothed terminad between veins R, and M, ; the white fascia is much broadened posterior of the discal fold ; subterminal fascia white, traceable only as a large spot between veins R, and M,, which is connected slenderly to the tornus. Female: palpus marked as thorax ; terminal segment not tufted. Fore wing without specialized scaling and specialized subcostal fold ; dense fuscous irroration in subterminal area also wanting ; subterminal fascia pale, dentate and sharply marked ; in other respects similar to male. Related to C. subcostalis Hampson (1893), from which it differs in its smaller size, more uniformly coloured wings, which lack all trace of green, and in the much less sharply defined pattern. NortH Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu, v-viii. 1903 (John Waterstradt), I 3, 2 2, including holotype and allotype. SARAWAK : (Wallace), 1 3. Chloroclystis phoenicophaes sp. n. (Pl. 40 : L) d 15-16 mm.; 2 16-18 mm. Antennae in both sexes shortly ciliate. Female palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye; male palpus slightly shorter. Palpus, frons and head cartridge buff, outer surface of palpus and lower frons irrorate with fuscous. Thorax yellowish olive, patagia and tips of tegulae smoke gray. Abdomen cream buff (possibly discoloured yellowish olive) ; first three segments irrorate with old rose and smoke gray. Male. Fore wing : costa arched moderately at two-fifths ; ground colour yellowish olive ; basal third, anterior of subcostal vein, irrorate with flesh pink, old rose and fuscous, costa long-scaled ; proximal two-thirds of medial area, anterior of discal fold, clothed with short, specialized scales, cartridge buff tipped with fuscous and rather longer at costa ; distal third of medial area, anterior of vein M,, old rose with the veins marked in fuscous ; postmedial fascia cartridge buff and glossy, distad of which the veins are fuscous to the termen ; distal fifth of wing, anterior of vein R;, densely fuscous and irrorate with pale smoke gray near termen ; dentate subterminal fascia cartridge buff and glossy ; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes broadly fuscous medially, paler distally and warm buff proximally, where the dots at the veins ends are slenderly connected. Hind wing yellowish olive ; transverse fasciae paler and faintly defined ; veins very sparsely scaled with black ; fringes very faintly warm buff proximally, otherwise concolorous with the wing. The female differs only in lacking the arched NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 417 costa and the specialized scales on the fore wing. Similar in size to C. modesta Warren (1893) but differing in the specialization of the male fore wing and in the wing-colour of both sexes. W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3, 1 &, including holotype and allotype. E. BALI : Git-Git, 5,000 ft., v.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3, 1 2; Batoeriti, 3,500 ft., v.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 &. Chloroclystis cuneativenis sp. n. (PU 402-4) 62 12-15 mm. Antennae of both sexes minutely ciliate. Male palpus one and one-half times, female palpus one and three-quarter times as long as the diameter of the eye. Palpus, frons and head cartridge buff, frons and palpus lightly irrorate with fuscous. Thorax cartridge buff densely irrorate with pale mouse gray. Abdomen pinkish buff, the segments edged anteriorly with pale mouse gray. Male. Fore wing : costa strongly arched at one-third and edged with moderately long hair-scales, which are a mixture of vinaceous buff and fuscous ; ground colour pale olive buff ; sub-basal and medial areas and distal fourth pale mouse gray ; medial area irregularly irrorate with fuscous, most densely on the veins at the proximal and distal margins, the distal margin being toothed mediad on the discal fold ; _ postmedial fascia broad, subterminal fascia slender and dentate, both pale and ill-defined, the subterminal broadly edged both proximally and distally with fuscous to fuscous black at the costa ; termen slenderly fuscous ; fringes pale mouse gray to fuscous with slenderly connected warm buff spots at the vein ends. Hind wing : termen slightly concave between vein M, and anal angle ; ground colour pale olive _ buff ; the wing is crossed from costa to anal margin by five broad, parallel, ill-defined _ fasciae of pale mouse gray, three are in the medial area and two in the terminal _ fourth ; veins very sparsely scaled with black ; fringes as on fore wing. In the _ female the costa is not arched nor fringed with long hair-scales. Related to the _ preceding species, differing in the specialized scaling of the male fore wing and in the colour and pattern of both sexes. | W. CELEBEs: Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i-ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3, 2 9, including holotype and allotype ; Paloe, Koelawi, 3,100 ft., iii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 16; Tjamba, near Maros, 1,500 ft., ii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3. Chloroclystis pygmaeica sp. n. (PI. 40 : L) 69 12-I3mm. Antennae minutely ciliate, the cilia equal in length to one-quarter of the diameter of the shaft. Palpus one and one-third times as long as the diameter of the eye. Very similar in colour and pattern to the preceding species, differing from it in the pale mouse gray frons and head and the irroration of the basal third of the fore wing with fuscous. The hind wing has the termen concave in the discal 418 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE fold as well as between vein M, and the anal angle ; the transverse fasciae are fuscous and the basal area is irrorate with fuscous. CEYLON : (Alston), holotype 3; Haputale, June, 1 3; ibid., xi. 1908, 1 3; Maskeliya, June, I g; Polyahawella, 1 ¢. Chloroclystis atypha sp. n. (Pl. 40 : L) g§ 14mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia two-thirds as long as the diameter of the — shaft. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye, tilleul buff irrorate with fuscous. Frons and head tilleul buff. Thorax tilleul buff irrorate with smoke gray. Abdomen tilleul buff irrorate with benzo brown. Fore wing : costa slightly arched at one-fourth and shortly tufted with vinaceous buff and benzo brown hair-scales ; ground colour olive buff irrorate with light drab and benzo brown ; subterminal fascia pale, broad and ill-defined, shaded broadly with benzo brown proximally, except in the discal area, and distally with smoke gray irrorate with benzo brown ; in the distal fourth the veins are light buff; fringes drab distally, slenderly light buff proximally. Hind wing: termen slightly crenulate ; basal area, double postmedial and single subterminal fasciae clear olive buff ; remainder of wing densely irrorate with benzo brown ; fringes as on fore wing. Related to C. cuneativenis Prout, from which it differs in the shorter tufting and less pronounced arching of the costa of the fore wing, the denser brown irroration of both wings and in the longer antennal ciliation. W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii. 1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 2. Chloroclystis dilatata hydrographica subsp. n. (Pl. 41 : A) Grayer in appearance than either d. dilatata Walker (1866) or d. pelopsaria Walker (1866) ; the vinaceous brown and fuscous irroration of the former and the pinkish vinaceous and fuscous irroration of the latter is wanting ; the most conspicuous marking remaining is the fuscous spot in the discal fold proximad of the subterminal fascia. BRITISH NEW GUINEA : xii. 1898 (A. S. Meek), 1 g ; Hydrographer Mts., 2,500 ft., ii-v.1918 (Eichhorn Bros.), 4 3, 3, 2, including holotype and allotype. Chloroclystis testulata denotata (Walker) ab. albiplaga ab. n. On the fore wing the distal three-fourths of the medial area, posterior of the median vein, are white. NEW ZEALAND : Dunedin, 6.i.1910 (G. Howes), holotype &. Chloroclystis testulata denotata Walker ab. irregulata ab. n. Posterior of vein R, and the median vein the fore wing is light buff from one-half to seven-eighths. NEw ZEALAND : 1894 (G. V. Hudson), 1 9; Sumner, Christchurch, 14.x.1922 (J. W. Campbell), holotype 3. NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 419 Chloroclystis luciana sp. n. (Pl. 41 : B) Similar in size and pattern to C. conversa Warren (1897). On the fore wing the ground colour is duller, light yellow olive to yellow olive instead of lime green ; in the male the specialized scaling in the posterior distal fourth is not quite so extensive, scarcely reaching beyond vein M,. In the female the ground colour of the hind wing is cartridge buff without a trace of green. Inp1A : Dharmsala, holotype g and allotype 2 ; Sabathu, viii. 1889, 1 . Chloroclystis nudifunda sp. n. (Phare) Similar in size and wing-shape to C. olivata Warren (1901) ; the fore wing has the inner margin produced a little further posteriorly and the underside is a uniformly, glossy drab, lacking the area of russet scaling in the posterior proximal fourth of that species. The hind wing is white, the termen and inner margin narrowly lime green irrorate with fuscous ; the specialized, russet scaling, which occupies the cell area in olivata, is wanting. Mataya : Pahang, Cameron Highlands, 5,500 ft., 21.vi.1935 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype ¢. Chloroclystis semiscripta brychoma subsp. n. Differs from s. semiscripta Warren (1906) in the extensive black irroration in the cell area of the fore wing, especially immediately proximad and distad of the postmedial fascia. In the female the hind wing is broadly and strongly banded with fuscous at the termen. W. CELEBES : Paloe, Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii.1936, I J, 2 2; Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i-ii.1937, 14 g, 44 2 including holotype and allotype ; Paloe, Koelawi, 3,100 ft., iili.1937, I g, I 2; Paloe, Lindoe, 3,700 ft., iv.1937, 4 3, 24 9; Paloe, Loda, 4,000 ft., v.1937, I g, 4 2; Paloe, Sidaonta, 4,500 ft., vi.1937, 5 Q. SW. CELEBES : G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo-Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938, I J, 2 &. E. CELEBES : Ulu Kolaka, 500 m., v-vi.1939, 3 3, 10 9. All specimens were collected by J. P. A. Kalis. Chloroclystis palmaria phantastes subsp. n. Differs from p. palmaria Prout (1928) in the hind wing of the female. The ground colour is white ; the termen is very lightly irrorate with dark olive buff ; two dark, transverse fasciae are weakly marked at one-third and two-thirds respectively ; a third is marked at the anal margin only. JAvA : Gedeh, 7,500 ft., 24-25.vi.1g10 (E. A. Cockayne), holotype § and allotype 2; Rés. Soekaboemi, 1895 (J. B. Ledru), 2 3; ibid., 2,000 ft., 1893 (H. Fruhstorfer), I $; Mons Tjikorai, 4,000 ft., 1892 (H. Fruhstorfer), 1 3. 420 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Chloroclystis permixta sp. n. (Pl. 41 : D) 32 24-28 mm. Male antenna minutely ciliate ; female antenna filiform. Male palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye; female palpus a little longer. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen olive ocher to yellowish olive ; palpus tipped with white ; tegulae irrorate with black ; first abdominal segment black, other segments sometimes irrorate with black. Male. Fore wing : termen incurved posterior of vein M, to a rounded tornus ; basal eighth olive ocher to yellowish olive, distad of which is an area of mixed, specialized scaling, the distal margin of which extends diagonally from three-eighths costa to the tornus; the subcostal part is long-scaled and olive buff, the medial part, which extends posteriorly to vein M,, is short-scaled and bister sometimes mixed with buffy brown and the posterior part is black and short-scaled ; distal fourth of wing, anterior of vein Rg, densely irrorate with vinaceous brown and black, edged proximally by a double, sinuous, black fascia and divided by the pale, dentate subterminal fascia ; posterior of vein M, the wing is slenderly coloured as apex ; remainder of wing olive ocher to yellowish olive. Underside : proximal two-thirds, anterior of submedian fold, faintly suffused with deep olive buff, the costa irrorate with black; apex pale brownish drab ; remainder tilleul buff lightly suffused with deep olive buff. Hind wing very densely covered with short scales, cartridge buff costally shading to buffy brown at anal margin. Underside: a slender, black postmedial fascia curves almost parallel to distal margin, from one-half costa to anal angle ; distad of this fascia the wing is densely covered with short, deep olive buff scales ; proximad of it and posterior of the subcostal vein, the wing is densely covered with specialized, erect scales, buffy brown anteriorly, shading posteriorly to fuscous ; remainder of wing very thinly scaled, tilleul buff. Female. Fore wing : olive ocher to yellowish olive, lightly irrorate with vinaceous brown in discal area; basal, medial and terminal areas darker but ill-defined ; veins streaked with black proximad of the subterminal fascia. Hind wing cartridge buff to light buff and glossy ; transverse fasciae faintly marked by sparse, black irroration. Underside of both wings olive ocher to yellowish olive ; three dark, transverse fasciae marked weakly on each wing. Related to C. analyta Prout (1928), differing in the specialized scaling of the male and the colour and pattern of the wings of both sexes. JAva: Arunjo, 3,000 ft. (W. Doherty), 1 2; Nongkodjadjar, 4,000 ft., vi.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3,6 2; Tengger, Singolangoe, 5,000 ft., vi.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis), 23,49; Tengger, Kletak, 6,000 ft., vi.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3, 3 9, including holotype and allotype. Chloroclystis filicata mochleutes subsp. n. Differs from f. filicata Swinhoe (1892) in the suppression of the dark, terminal shading in the discal area and posterior of vein M, ; the distal margin of the medial area is less sharply dentate. Ab. epacta ab. n. Ee NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 421 One of the two females from Tjamba and the female from G. Lampobattang have both wings suffused with light hellebore green. SW. CELEBEsS : Tjamba, near Maros, 1,500 ft., ii.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 3, 2 2; G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo-Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P. A. Kals), mo, 1 Y. W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9; Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., i.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9; Paloe, Lindoe, 3,700 ft., iv.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 9. Chloroclystis dissographa sp. n. (Pl. 40 25) $2 19-22 mm. Both male and female antennae minutely ciliate. Palpi twice as long as the diameter of the eye, second and third segments with long, anteriorly projecting scales ; first and second segments light buff, the upper surface sometimes dark greenish glaucous; basal segment irrorate with black; terminal segment white on upper surface, otherwise black. Frons, head and patagia dark greenish glaucous. Thorax cartridge buff to light buff (perhaps discoloured green) irrorate with iridescent black, the tegulae irrorate with dark glaucous green. Abdomen light to cartridge buff, second and third tergites densely irrorate, first, sixth and seventh tergites usually edged posteriorly with iridescent black. Male. Fore wing : distal fifth of inner margin shallowly concave and tufted with light buff hair-scales ; ground colour dark greenish glaucous ; basal half irrorate with pinkish vinaceous and black ; basal fascia broad, antemedial fascia slightly bowed mediad, very broad and densely black ; postmedial fascia pale and edged both proximally and distally and divided by slender, parallel, black lines ; subterminal fascia pale and dentate, edged proximally by a broad, black shade irrorate with pinkish vinaceous ; this subterminal shade is densely black and especially strongly marked between two-thirds and five-sixths costa ; termen slenderly black ; fringes chequered fuscous and olive buff. Hind wing cartridge buff and glossy; anal margin light buff with a small flap folded on to upper surface between one-half and three-quarters ; proximal half of anal margin edged with long hair-scales ; distal fourth edged with very short, apressed scales. In the female both wings are simple ; hind wing light buff ; terminal area lightly suffused and transverse fasciae faintly fuscous. Related to C. seminotata Warren (1898), but distinguished from it by the very broad, antemedial fascia on the fore wing of both sexes and by the specialized fore wing of the male. E. JavA: Nongkodjadjar, 4,000 ft., vi.1934, 1 2; Waterfall Baeong, vii. 1934, Id. E. Batt: Batoeriti, 3,500 ft., vi.1935, 2 gd, 2 2; Git-Git, 5,000 ft., v.1936, I Q. W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Rangkoenau, 1,800 ft., xii. 1936, 2 2; Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., ii.1937, 4 9; Paloe, Lindoe, 3,700 ft., iv.1937, I 9. SW. CEeLesBes: G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo-Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938, 8 4d, 17 9, including holotype and allotype. All specimens were collected by J. P. A. Kali. 422 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Chloroclystis craspedozona sp. n. (Pl. 41 : F) 218-19 mm. Antenna minutely ciliate. Palpus two and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye ; second segment long, third segment very slender. Frons cartridge buff. Head pistachio green edged anteriorly and posteriorly with black. Thorax fuscous edged posteriorly with iridescent black ; patagia and tegulae irrorate with pistachio green and vinaceous brown. Abdomen: first tergite white ; second tergite vinaceous brown, both edged anteriorly with iridescent black ; remaining tergites buff (probably discoloured green), seventh tergite irrorate with iridescent black. Fore wing pistachio green ; basal area broad ; basal fascia black; medial area with four or five slender, black, transverse fasciae, which are obsolescent posterior of median vein, merging with black irroration ; cell spot large ; subterminal fascia pale and dentate, proximad of which is a broad shade of vinaceous brown and distad of which there are black, interneural streaks ; termen slenderly black ; fringes chequered pistachio green and black. Hind wing tilleul buff; termen narrowly suffused with pistachio green; three transverse fasciae, faintly drab. Related to C. palpata Walker (1862), differing in its smaller size and in pattern; the white, first abdominal tergite and the medial area with its strongly marked ~ anterior half and obsolescent posterior half are distinctive. E. Batti: Batoeriti, 3,500 ft., vi.1935 (J. P. A. Kalis), 4 9, including holotype; _ Git-Git, 5,000 ft., iv-v.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 9. Chloroclystis craspedozona venata subsp. n. Q 21mm. Differs from the nominate subspecies in the clearly defined and entire fasciae and lack of irroration in the medial area ; the white, punctiform postmedial fascia is marked on the veins only ; radial veins streaked with white proximad of subterminal fascia, which is white and dentate. PHILIPPINE Is.: Luzon, subprov. Benguet, Pauai, Haights’ Place, 7,000 ft., I.xli.1g12 (A. E. Wileman), holotype Q. Chloroclystis craspedozona heanis subsp. n. (Pl. 41 : H) Differs from the nominate subspecies in the green basal area, in the basal and subterminal fasciae and the subcostal region of the medial area, which are irrorate with pinkish vinaceous and in the sub-basal fascia, which is cartridge buff. CENTRAL CERAM : Manusela, 6,000 ft., x-xii. 1919 (C. F. & J. Pratt), holotype 9. — Chloroclystis palpata diechusa subsp. n. (Pl. 41 : G) The broad, basal fascia, the medial area and the subterminal band are evenly irrorate with fuscous and clearly defined ; the remainder of the wing is clear green devoid of fuscous irroration. InvIA : Khasia Hills (Native coll.) ; ii. 1894, 2 3 ; iii. 1894, 3 g, including holotype ; iv.1894, 2 gd; vi.1895, I 2; without date, 3 J, 4 @. NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 423 Chloroclystis palpata javana subsp. n. (Pl. 41 : G) Differs from . palpata Walker (1862) in the pale, cartridge buff hind wing. E. JAvA : Mt. Moenggal, 9,000 ft., 1.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis) holotype g and allotype , JAvA: Rés. Soekaboemi, 1895 (J. B. Ledru), 10 g, 16 2; Mons Gede, 8,000 ft. viii.1892 (H. Fruhstorfer), 2 3, 1 2; Gedeh, 25.vi.1g10 (E. A. Cockayne), 1 J. Chloroclystis r. regularis (Warren) ab. tenuabilis ab. n. (Pl Ar) Proximal five-sixths of fore wing cream buff, the pattern very sharply defined and contrasted ; basal and antemedial fasciae slender and black; sub-basal area broad anterior of median vein then narrowing, black irrorate with vinaceous pink ; distad of the cell spot the medial area is densely black. MatayaA: Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., 16.ii1.1936 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 3. Chloroclystis regularis viridimargo subsp. n. Gd Dap 8 aa & 8 gd 24 mm. Larger and longer-winged than 7. regularis Warren (1895). Fore wing with transverse bands sharply defined proximally ; postmedial fascia less crenulate ; distal third of wing predominently clear forest green with only slight, mainly linear, posterior extension of the fuscous spot at four-fifths costa ; distal seventh lightly irrorate with fuscous in discal area. MatayaA : Perak, 2,000-3,500 ft. (W. Doherty), holotype 3. Chloroclystis diaboeta sp. n. (PL ars) 925mm. Related to C. regularis Warren (1895), which it closely resembles in palpus, colour and pattern ; much larger than that species ; head and thorax of the same green colour ; second tergite of abdomen similarly vinaceous pink, remaining segments more densely irrorate with fuscous. Fore wing : sub-basal fascia almost right-angled in cell ; postmedial fascia broad and double, proximal line pale olivine, slender and deeply lunulate, distal line broader, less deeply lunulate and duller green, except anterior of discal fold ; distal end of cell and radial veins pinkish buff (this may be discoloration due to the action of moisture, but is present in both wings) ; oblique brownish vinaceous streak from apex rather broad. Hind wing somewhat grayer than in 7. regulosa. CENTRAL CERAM : Manusela, 6,000 ft., x-xii.1g19 (C. F. & J. Pratt), holotype @. 424 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Chloroclystis viridata phaeina subsp. n. (Pl. 41 : H) Differs from v. viridata Warren (1895) in the intensification of the green colouring both proximad and distad of the medial area on the fore wing and distad of the postmedial fascia on the hind wing. W. CELEBES : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., ii.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 3 2, including holotype. Chloroclystis diaschista sp. n. (Pl. 41 : H) g 24mm. Antenna ciliate, the cilia one-third as long as the diameter of the shaft. Palpus two and one-quarter times as long as the diameter of the eye, second segment very long. Palpus, frons, head, thorax and abdomen cream buff ; tegulae irrorate with black ; abdomen irrorate with vinaceous brown and black and with a black, medio-dorsal spot at the posterior margin of each of the first six tergites. Fore wing light cress green, in part discoloured to cream buff and patterned in black ; basal fascia broad, marked at costa only ; sub-basal, ante- and postmedial fasciae marked broadly at costa and inner margin, failing medially ; subterminal shade, toothed strongly terminad and irrorate with vinaceous buff, broken between veins Sc, and R, and between R, and M, ; terminal spots at vein ends black. Hind wing tilleul buff ; termen broadly suffused with drab and intensified proximad of the faint, pale subterminal fascia ; postmedial fascia marked posterior of vein M, only; cell spot drab. Related to C. palpata Walker (1862), but differing in the distinct pattern of the fore wing. CENTRAL DutcH NEw GuINEA : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., 11. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype 3. Chloroclystis subpalpata sp. n. (Pl. 41 : I) $2 15-18 mm. A small, glossy species with colour and pattern similar to that of C. palpata Walker (1862). In the male there is a small, hyaline patch just distad of the areole on the underside of the fore wing, wanting in palpata. The termen of the hind wing is faintly waved in the male, more so (about as in C. rufitincta Warren (1898)) in the female. Palpus twice as long as the diameter of the eye, second segment rough-scaled and black anteriorly, third segment elongate and black. A further appreciable difference from palpata is that the postmedial fascia is weakly inclined basad at the costa. Mataya: Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., 17.iii.1931 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype g ; Kedah Peak, 3,300 ft., 26.iii.1928 (H. M. Pendlebury), 1 2; Pahang, Cameron Highlands, 4,800 ft.,12.x.1923 (H. M. Pendlebury), 1 9; 1bid., 23-24.vi.1935, Ig,1Q. NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 425 Chloroclystis subpalpata fractiscripta subsp. n. rinar =) 318 mm.;219mm. In the male the posterior, distal fourth of the medial area is pinkish buff and only the anterior half of the postmedial fascia is marked. In the female a broad, pinkish buff streak extends from base of wing to subterminal fascia, passing through the posterior half of the discal area. PHILIPPINE Is.: Luzon, subprov. Benguet, Pauai, Haights’ Place, 7,000 ft., (A. E. Wileman) ; holotype 3, 27.xi.1912 ; allotype 9, 8.xi.1912. PLATE 29 Row F Electrophaes niveonotata (Warren 1901) Row A Melanthia d. dentistrigata (Warren 1893) M. dentistrigata leucansis Prout 1939 M. exquisita (Warren 1893) Acodia pauper (Rosenstock 1885) Xanthorhoe frivola Meyrick 1913 Scotocyma a, albinotata (Walker 1866) Row B Scotocyma a. albinotata (Walker) ab. platydesma (Lower 1894) S. albinotata scotopepla Prout 1940 S. legalis (Warren 1896) S. miscix Prout 1934 Guamptopteryx perficita (Walker 1858) Row C Parvapalia aurifera civcumfumata (Prout 1916) P. semiviridis (Joicey & Talbot 1917) Lampropteryx maia Prout 1940 L. a. argentilineata (Moore 1867) L. argentilineata nitidaria (Leech 1897) Row D Lampropteryx neelys Prout 1922 as neelis L. synthetica Prout 1922 L. rotundaria (Leech 1897) L. sidevifera (Moore 1888) L. opistholasia Prout 1926 Row E Lampropteryx dispar (Warren 1897) L. moroessa (Prout 1932) _ L. ¢, chalybearia (Moore 1867) L. chalybearia incola (Bastelberger 1911) Electrophaes tsermosaria (Oberthur 1893) E. cryopetra Prout 1940 E. perpulchra (Butler 1886) E. chrysophaes Prout 1923 E. zaphenges Prout 1940 E. aggrediens Prout 1940 Row G Electrophaes cyria Prout 1940 E. moltrechti Prout 1940 E. nigrifulvaria (Hampson 1902) E. albipunctaria (Leech 1897) E, euryleuca Prout 1940 Row H Electrophaes ephoria Prout 1940 E, niveopicta (Warren 1893) E. intertexta (Warren 1893) E. fervidaria (Leech 1897) E. subochraria (Leech 1897) Row I Electrophaes westi Prout 1931 Melitulias graphicata (Walker 1861) M. leucographa Turner 1922 M. oriadelpha Turner 1926 M. glandulata (Guenée 1858) M. parallela Prout 1940 M. discophora Meyrick 1891 Row K Spectrobasis plumosa Warren 1907 . maligna Warren 1907 . differens Warren 1907 . conferens Prout 1940 . viridis Warren 1906 . rufa Warren 1906 . impectinata Prout 1916 NNnNHHHYN 426 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE PLATE 30 Row A Lasioedma floccosa Warren 1907 L. purpureorufa Rothschild 1915 Crasilogia simplex Warren 1906 Protaulaca scythropa Meyrick 1891 P. subflava Warren 1907 Crasilogia fumipennis Warren 1906 Row B Polyclysta hypogrammata Guenée 1858 Crastlogia flavipennis Warren 1907 C, fulvitincta Joicey & Talbot 1917 C. dispar Warren 1903 Polyclysta gonycrota Prout 1932 Heterochasta conglobata (Walker 1862) Row C Sibatania mactata arizana (Wileman 1911) Ecliptopera mixtilineata (Hampson 1895) E. decurrens (Moore 1888) E. recordans Prout 1940 E. umbrosaria stathera Prout 1940 Row D Ecliptopera lucrosa Prout 1940 E. substituta (Walker 1866) E. oblongata (Guenée 1858) E. dentifera (Moore 1888) E. relata (Butler 1880) Row E Ecliptopera zaes Prout 1932 as sais PLATE Row A Eustroma hampsoni sp. n. as interplagata E. promacha Prout 1940 E. m. melancholica (Butler 1878) E. melancholica venipicia Warren 1893 Row B Eustroma fractifasciaria Leech 1897 E. lativitiaria (Moore 1867) Paralygris contorta Warren 1900 Pareustroma fissisignis (Butler 1880) P. propriaria (Leech 1897) Row C Eustroma metaria (Oberthur 1893) as metoria Pareustroma conisecta Prout 1940 Hysterura literataria (Leech 1897) E. litterata (West 1929) E, benigna (Prout 1914) E. dissecta (Moore 1887) Row F Ecliptopera delecta (Butler 1880) E. leucoglyphica (Warren 1898) E. sagittatoides (Pagenstecher 1900) E. rectilinea Warren 1894 E. triangulifera (Moore 1888) Row G Ecliptopera fulvidorsata (Swinhoe 1894) E. furva (Swinhoe 1891) E. furvoides (Thierry-Mieg 1915) E. subapicalis (Hampson 1891) E. muscicolor (Moore 1888) Row H Ecliptopera subnubila Prout 1940 E. ctenoplia Prout 1931 as ctenophia E. odontoplia Prout 1935 Eustroma elista Prout 1940 E. aurantiaria (Moore 1867) Row I Ecliptopera zophera Prout 1931 E. obscurata (Moore 1867) E. thalycra Prout 1928 Eustroma inextricata (Walker 1866) E. aerosa (Butler 1878) 31 H. cervinaria (Moore 1867) H. vacillans Prout 1940 as villicans Row D Lobogonodes porphyriata (Moore 1888) L. multisiriata tensa Prout 1940 L. complicata dactylotypa Prout 1940 L. taiwana (Wileman & South 1917) Hysterura multifaria (Swinhoe 1889) H. protagma Prout 1940 Row E Amunesicoma albiseriata (Warren 1893) A. bicolor (Moore 1888) Photoscotosia indecova Prout 1940 P. tonchignearia (Oberthur 1893) P. albapex (Hampson 1895) NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 427 Row F Photoscotosia amplicata (Walker 1862) P. dejeani (Oberthur 1893) P. chlorochvota Hampson 1902 as chlorochota P. undulosa (Alphéraky 1888) P. prosenes Prout 1940 Row G Photoscotosia fulguritis Warren 1893 P. multilinea Warren 1893 PLATE Row A Photoscotosia polysticha Prout 1940 P. atrostrigata (Bremer 1864) P. insularis Bastelberger 1909 3 P. insularis Bastelberger 1909 2 Row B Photoscotosia m. miniosata (Walker 1862) P. miniosata cupha Prout 1931 P. isosticta Prout 1940 P. prasinotmeta Prout 1940 Row C Photoscotosia dejuta Prout 1937 P. funebris Warren 1895 P. obliquisignata (Moore 1867) P. metachryseis Hampson 1896 Row D Callabraxas amanda Butler 1880 Calleulype compositata basistrigaria (Wileman 1912) Eucosmabraxas octoscripta (Wileman 1912) Chartographa ludovicaria praemutans (Prout 1937) Row E Gandaritis flavata Moore 1867 G. s. sinicaria Leech 1897 G. sinicaria postalba Wileman 1920 PLATE Row A Dysstroma albiangulata (Warren 1893) D. cuneifera (Warren 1898) D. ceprona (Swinhoe 1902) Heterothevra sororcula (Bastelberger 1909) Thera cyphoschema Prout 1926 T. atrinotata veducta (Joannis 1929) P. dipegaea Prout 1940 P. multiplicata Warren 1898 Row H Photoscotosia velutina Warren 1895 P. atromarginata Warren 1893 as atromar- ginaria P. nubilata (Moore 1888) P. annubilata Prout 1940 as denubilata 32 Row F Chartographa convexa (Wileman 1912) Lygris flavomacularia (Leech 1897) L. agnes subalba (Wileman 1912) L. albicinctata Pungeler 1909 Row G Lygris pulchraria (Leech 1897) Cidaria ochracearia Leech 1897 Dysstroma cinereata (Moore 1867) D. fumata (Bastelberger 1911) D. imitaria Heydem ab. rufescens ab. n. Row H . ncolovata Heydemann 1929 . calamistrata (Moore 1867) . rufibyunnea (Warren 1900) . pendleburyi Prout 1932 . heydemanni Prout 1931 SSS Row I Dysstroma subapicaria (Moore 1867) D. planifasciata Prout 1914 D. corussaria (Oberthur 1880) D. tenebricosa Heydemann 1929 D. tenebricosa Heydemann ab. albonigrata Heydemann 1932 BS Row B Theva etes Prout 1926 Dysstroma singularia Heydemann 1929 Thera dentifasciata (Hampson 1895) T. comitabilis Prout 1923 Philereme vashti (Butler 1878) 428 Row C Triphosa consona Prout 1926 T. corrasata Warren 1897 T. oenozona Prout 1923 T. acyrota Prout 1941 Row D Triphosa rubrodotata (Walker 1862) T. largeteauaria (Oberthur 1881) as largetauaria T. venimaculata (Moore 1867) T. expansa (Moore 1888) Row E Triphosa lugens Bastelberger 1909 T. vantaizanensis Wileman 1916 T. praesumtiosa Prout 1941 T. acutipennis Warren 1896 Row A Calocalpe tremodes Prout 1941 C. anestia Prout 1941. C. titubata Prout 1941 C. valentula Prout 1941 as inanis Row B Calocalpe tristis Prout 1914 C. tristis Prout ab. bicolor Prout 1914 C. inanata (Christoph 1881) C. hypolopha (Hampson 1895) Row C Calocalpe marmoraria (Leech 1897) C. abraxidia (Hampson 1895) C. flavipes (Ménéntriés 1858) Stamnodes spectatissima Prout 1941 Row D Stamnodes depeculata lamarum Prout 1941 S. elwesi Alphéraky 1895 mS Palaeomystis faicataria (Moore 1867) Docivava affinis Warren 1894 D. aequilineata Walker 1863 Row E Docivava distata Prout 1941 D, flavilinata Wileman 1915 D. fulgurata (Guenée 1858) Carsia emphracta Prout 1941 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE PLATE Row F Triphosa pallescens Warren 1896 T. nigralbata (Warren 1888) T. albiplaga (Oberthur 1887) IT. dubiosata (Walker) ab. variegata Prout 1914 T. confusaria (Leech 1897) Row G Triphosa empodia Prout 1941 T. dubiosata (Walker 1862) IT. macroprova Prout 1941 T. confusaria tarachodes Prout 1941 T. tremulata multilinearia (Leech 1897) Row H Triphosa luteimedia Prout 1941 T. sesevaria (Oberthur 1893) T. moniliferaria (Oberthur 1893) T. melanoplagia (Hampson 1902) Calocalpe alternata (Staudinger 1896) 34 Asaphodes parova (Meyrick 1884) Row F Asaphodes megaspilata (Walker 1862) A, amblyterma Meyrick 1931 Loxofidonia rufescens (Butler 1879) . Stephanitis (Meyrick 1907) . cingala (Moore 1887) . obfuscata (Warren 1893) . rufescens (Butler) ab. falcata (Butler 1879) — all ll Se Row G Loxofidonia b. bareconia (Swinhoe 1894) L. bareconia pallidistriga Prout 1937 L. sigmata Prout 1941 L. taiwana (Wileman 1914) L. buda (Swinhoe 1895) L. plumbilinea (Warren 1906) Scordonia lamae (Alphéraky 1897) Row H Eulype scotaria (Hampson 1907) E. lugens (Oberthur 1886) Eustroma aurigena (Butler 1880) Pareustroma fissisignis chrysoprasis (Oberthur 1884) Photoscotosia penguionaria (Oberthur 1893) Row I Electrophaes chimakaleparia (Oberthur 1893) as chimacaleparia NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 429 Cidaria fulvata nugata Felder 1875 Eulype chinensis (Leech 1897) Electrophaes aliena (Butler 1880) Row A Sterrhochaeta pictipennis (Warren 1906) . semivadiata (Warren 1907) . lamia Prout 1941 . v. vectilineata (Warren 1898) . vectlineata diffidens Prout 1941 . ruptistriga (Warren 1906) . argyvastvape Prout 1916 NnNnNNnNN Row B Sterrhochaeta tanaorrhina Prout 1941 S. fulgurata (Warren 1906) S. flexilinea (Warren 1906) . discinota (Warren 1906) . distorta (Warren 1906) . constellata (Warren 1906) . aphanisis Prout 1941 . splendens (Warren 4906) NHNnHN Row C Sterrhochaeta olivacea (Rothschild 1915) . subtilis (Prout 1916) . subrubescens (Warren 1906) . ineola (Warren 1903) . biflexa Prout 1941 ° . leucosphena Prout 1941 . subcaesia (Warren 1906) . auratisquama (Warren 1907) NNnNNnNUnHHHNH Row D Xenoclystia delicata Warren 1906 X. delectans Warren 1906 X. nigroviridata (Warren 1896) X. unijuga Prout 1926 X. phaeoloma Prout 1926 Desmoclystia abata Prout 1941 D. unipuncta (Warren 1906) D. humerata (Warren 1906) ENTOM. 6, 12 Asaphodes abrogata (Walker 1862) as mesodonta Lithostege inanis Prout 1941 as abrogata PLATE 35 Not issued PLATE 36 Row E Desmoclystia hirticosta. (Warren 1907) D. nigribasis (Warren 1906) D. prouti Sick 1941 Sterrhochaeta abbreviata Prout ab. continuata Sick 1941 Desmoclystia abbreviata Prout 1941 D. rubecula (Warren 1906) Sterrhochaeta antennata (Warren 1906) Desmoclystia fulvistriga (Warren 1906) D. prodiga (Warren 1907) Row F Desmoclystia onivia Prout 1941 D. aypna Prout 1941 D. falsidica (Warren 1903) D. prodicia Prout 1923 D. cnecoplaca Prout 1929 A hpithecia viridata reliquifascia Prout 1926 A, viridata wilemani Prout 1931 Row G Piercia subviridis (Hampson 1902) P. mononyssa (Prout 1926) P. vividiplana (Bastelberger 1911) P. imbrata (Guenée 1858) P. fumataria verticata (Warren 1901) Chaetolopha incurvata (Moore 1888) C. rubicunda (Swinhoe 1902) C, flavicorpus (Warren 1906) Row H Chaetolopha coerulescens (Warren 1906) C. turbinata Prout 1941 C. tafa Prout 1941. C. 0. ornatipennis (Warren 1906) 24 430 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE C. synclinogramma (Prout 1916) C. decipiens (Butler 1886) C. emporias (Turner 1904) C. leucophragma (Meyrick 1891) Row I Chaetolopha oxyntis (Meyrick 1891) Propithex g. glaucisparsa Prout 1932 P. tristriata (Warren 1906) P. alternata Warren 1899 Hypenorhynchus erectilineata (Moore 1888) Carbia nexilinea (Warren 1898) as flavimaculata Pardodes f. flavimaculata Warren 1896 as calescens Carbia calescens Walker 1866 as nextlinea PLATE Row A Eccymatoge callizona (Lower) ab. abiens Prout 1941 Collix leuciota Prout 1929 C. haploscelis Prout 1925 C. suffusca Warren 1907 C. adamata Prout 1941 Row B Collix blosyra Prout 1926 C. stellata Warren 1894 as rufipalpis C. rufipalpis (Hampson 1907) as stellata C. g. griseipalpis Wileman 1916 C. griseipalpis phaeochiton Prout 1932 Row C Collix rhabdoneura Prout 1941 C. purpurilita Prout 1925 C. basicristata Prout 1923 C. hypospilata Guenée 1858 C. hypospilata Guenée underside Row D Collix praetenta Prout 1929 C. examplata Warren 1906 C. mesopora Prout 1932 C. g. ghosha Walker 1862 as gosha C. subligata Warren 1896 Row E Collix dichobathra Prout 1931 C. lasiospila (Meyrick 1886) C. r. vufidorsata Prout 1929 C. elongata Warren 1902 C. multifilata Warren 1896 Horisme elachista (West 1929) Row K Carbia calefacta Prout 1941 C. moderata (Walker 1866) 1 Chaetolopha ornatipennis nepenthes Prout 1941 — Pomasia sparsata Hampson 1902 P. denticlathrata Warren 1893 P. parerga Prout 1941 P. vernacularia Guenée 1858 Row L Pomasia punctaria Hampson 1912 P. reticulata Hampson 1895 P. obliterata (Walker 1866) P. pulchrilinea (Walker 1866) P. psylaria Guenée 1858 P. euryopis Meyrick 1897 Eccymatoge callizona (Lower 1894) 37 Row F Horisme subradiata (Warren 1907) H. brooksi Prout 1941 Collix stenoplia Prout 1929 Horisme flavofasciata (Moore 1888) H. hirtivena (Warren 1906) Row G Horisme intrepida Prout 1932 H. erythroides Prout 1941 H. angustipennis (Warren 1906) H. ustimacula (Warren 1906) H. h. hyperythra (Hampson 1895) H. olivata (Warren 1901) Row H Horisme b. boarmiata (Snellen 1881) 3 H. b. boarmiata (Snellen) 9 H. boarmiata leprosa (Hampson 1891) . H. boarmiata leprosa (Hampson) ab. suffusa (Hampson 1891) H. xylinata (Warren 1906) H. semirufata (Warren 1906) Row I Horisme steretica Prout 1941 H. subrubescens (Warren) ab. despicienda (Butler 1889) H. cristata (Walker 1866) H. mortuata (Guenée 1858) H. leucophanes (Meyrick 1891) H. scotodes (Turner 1904) H. rufipicta (Hampson 1895) ee LS NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 431 Row K Horisme avrenosus (Howes 1910) H. gobiata (Felder 1875) 3 Row A Horisme plurilineata (Moore 1888) H. genuflexa Prout 1923 H. murudensis Prout 1926 H. brunneata (Warren 1906) H. leucotmeta Prout 1923 H. notata (Rothschild 1915) Row B Horisme illustris Prout 1916 H. symmetrozona Prout 1923 H. chlorodesma (Meyrick 1886) H. albicristata (Warren 1906) H. griseata (Warren 1906) H. contaminata (Warren 1906) H. labeculata Prout 1932 Row C Horisme rufilunata (Warren 1906) H. lichenosa (Warren 1906) H. disrupta (Warren 1906) H. aeolotis Prout 1916 H. caliginosa (Warren 1907) H. albimedia (Warren 1906) Parazoma s. semifusca (Warren 1896) Row D Parazoma semifusca swanni Prout 1941 P. ferax Prout 1926 P. hypobasis Prout 1931 Physetobasis annulata (Hampson 1891) P. griseipennis (Moore 1888) P. heliocoma Meyrick 1897 Row E Physetobasis d. dentifascia Hampson 1895 P. dentifascia rectipendens subsp. n. Eupithecia craterias (Meyrick 1899) as cratenas E. prasinombra (Meyrick 1899) Row F Eupithecia dryinombra (Meyrick 1899) E. phaeocausta (Meyrick 1899) E. ruficorpus (Warren 1897) E. acutangula Hampson 1895 E, vaniata sp. n. H. gobiata (Felder) 9 H. anguligevra (Butler 1879) H. anguligera (Butler) ab. bipartita Prout 1941 38 Row G Eupithecia taiwana Wileman & South 1917 . anasticta Prout 1926 . rigida Swinhoe 1892 . unitaeniata (Warren 1906) . deviridata (Warren 1907) . placens (Warren 1906) . vajata Guenée 1858 . spilocyma Prout 1931 bio i ih Row H Eupithecia russeola Prout 1926 E. robiginascens Prout 1926 E. circumacta sp. 0. E. tricrossa Prout 1926 E, albibaltea sp. n. E. pyricoetes sp. n. E. hemileuca Hampson 1895 Row I Eupithecia acyrtoterma Prout 1926 . tenuisquama (Warten 1896) . infestata Swinhoe 1889 . quadripunctata Warren 1888 . kavapinensis Wileman & South 1917 . albispumata Warren 1893 . peguensis sp. Nn. haa ahh Row K Eupithecia nigrinotata Swinhoe 1895 . costipicta Warren 1893 . niveivena Prout 1926 . rubvidorsata Hampson 1895 . albigutta sp. 0. . ustata Moore 1888 E. fulcrata sp. 0. Hah & Row L Eupithecia leucenthesis Prout 1926 . asema Hampson 1891 . albifurva Hampson 1907 m. mundiscripta (Warren 1907) . leucostaxis Prout 1926 . ochvacea (Warren 1888) . leucospila (Swinhoe 1906) . melanolopha Swinhoe 1895 . compsodes (Meyrick 1891) by by by by by ty ty by 432 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Row A Eupithecia excita sp. n. . latimedia Hampson 1895 . lineosa Moore 1888 . infuscata (Warren 1899) . ivambata (Warren 1893) . wardi sp. n. . costalis (Walker 1863) hh hhh Row B Eupithecia albisecta (Warren 1906) . tenuiscripta (Warren 1907) . leucoprora sp. n. . bivividata (Warren 1896) . delozona Prout 1926 . chlorophova Swinhoe 1895 . lissopis sp. n. . eupitheciata (Walker 1863) toto mto mt Mt Mtoe) Row C Eupithecia cauditornata Prout 1931 E. partitecta Prout 1931 Micromia olivaceata (Warren 1899) M. fulvipuncta Warren 1906 M. decens (Warren 1906) M. expectans sp. n. M. hypocalypsis sp. n. Row D Micromia stabilis (Warren 1906) M. adminiculata (Warren 1907) M. curvimacula (Warren 1906) M. commixtilinea (Warren 1907) M. fulgurans (Warren 1907) M. e. euthynsis sp. n. M., leucocarpa sp. n, M. novenaria sp. n. Row E Micromia acroscotia sp. n. . vecessilinea sp. n. . votundata (Warren 1906) . caesiata (Warren 1906) . dympna sp. n. . dinosia (Prout 1926) . chlaenistes Prout 1932 SSSSRS Row F Micromia scotochlaena Prout 1931 M. conquadraia sp. n. PLATE 39 . vinosa (Warren 1907) . transsecta (Warren 1907) . latistriga (Warren 1906) . eusemozona (Prout 1916) . dystacta sp. n. . infantilis (Warren 1907) SSSSES Row G Micromia ectocosma sp. n. . vividisecta (Warren 1906) . cavilinea (Warren 1906) . barvbata (Warren 1906) as barbara . novella (Warren 1903) . subcomosa (Warren 1907) . albimixta (Warren 1906) . ni sp. n. SSRSRRS Row H Micromia thaumasia sp. n. M. parvipennata (Warren 1906) 3 M. parvipennata (Warren) 9 M.monochasma sp. n. M. dilopha sp. n. Pseudosauris miranda (Warren 1903) P. postfulvata (Prout 1916) Chloroclystis consueta bowringi subsp. n. Row I Chloroclystis leucopygata Warren 1896 . horistes sp. n. . atroviridis (Warren 1893) . boarmica sp. n. . infrazebrina Hampson 1895 . naga sp. n. . speciosa Swinhoe 1902 . acygonia Swinhoe 1895 OOO OOO Row K Chloroclystis s. sinuosa Swinhoe 1895 . sinuosa veddita subsp. n. . immixtaria (Walker 1862) . ablechra Turner 1904 . metallospora Turner 1904 . planiscripta (Warren 1902) . griseorufa Hampson 1898 . polygrvaphata Hampson 1912 . actephilae sp. n. AANDAAAAN — NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 433 Row L Chloroclystis dentatissima Warren 1898 C. admixtaria (Walker 1862) C. fragilis Warren 1899 C. eichhorni sp. n. C. bosova (Druce 1888) C. rubicunda Prout 1934 C. hypotmeta Prout 1934 C. rvotundaria Swinhoe 1902 C. biangulata Warren 1907 PLATE 40 Row A Chloroclystis cuneilinea Warren 1906 . distigma sp. n. . continuata Warren 1907 . rhodopis sp. n. . emarginaria (Hampson 1893) . sordida (Warren 1903) . tavaxichroma sp. n. . breyniae sp. n. C. fluctuosa Prout 1934 ANAAAAD Row B Chloroclystis mempta Prout 1928 as menysta . spissidentata (Warren 1893) . infusata albitornalis subsp. n. . latifascia (Walker 1866) . woodjonesi sp. n. . lepta (Meyrick 1886) . torninubis Prout 1929 . 1, nvisibilis Warren 1907 . invisibilis invita subsp. n. AANAADAAAAYDA Row C Chloroclystis filata (Guenée 1858) C. clarkei Howes 1917 C. melanocentra Meyrick 1934 C. nereis (Meyrick 1887) as nercis C. sphragitis (Meyrick 1887) C. humilis Philpott 1917 C. lichenodes (Purdie 1887) Row D Chloroclystis m. magnimaculata Philpott 1915 . magnimaculata ivabunda subsp. n. . halianthes Meyrick 1907 . acompsa Prout 1927 . rubella Philpott 1915 . heighwayi Philpott 1927 . ervvatica Philpott 1916 ANANAAD Row E Chloroclystis dryas (Meyrick 1891) C. furva Philpott 1917 C. lunata Philpott 1912 C. charybdis (Butler 1879) C. antarctica Hudson 1898 C. antarctica Hudson ab. hudsoni ab. n, C. lacustris Meyrick 1913 Row F Chloroclystis paralodes Meyrick 1913 C. urticae Hudson 1939 C. zatricha Meyrick 1913 C. punicea Philpott 1923 C. aristias Meyrick 1897 C. cotinaea Meyrick 1913 C. semochlora Meyrick 1919 Row G Chloroclystis muscosata (Walker 1862) C. tornospila Meyrick 1931 . melochlora Meyrick 1911 . plinthina (Meyrick 1887) . sandycias Meyrick 1905 . rivalis Philpott 1916 . rufipellis Meyrick 1927 . semialbata (Walker 1863) GC G)'G QO) Row H Chloroclystis semialbata (Walker) ab. indicataria (Walker 1863) . inductata (Walker 1862) . suffusa Hudson 1928 . coloptila Prout 1929 . lanaris (Warren 1896) . recensitavia (Walker 1862) . celaenacris Prout 1932 . subusta (Warren 1898) CyG Gy GS) OC) Row I Chloroclystis rectaria Hampson 1903 C. xenisma sp. 0. C. pugnax sp. n. C. festivata (Warren 1903) . tortuosa West 1929 . apotoma sp. Nn. . omocydia sp. n. . rufofasciata (Rothschild 1913) . autopepla sp. n. OOO: OO) 434 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Row K Chloroclystis encteta Prout 1934 C. alpinista eupora subsp. n. C. acervicosta sp. n. C. catabares sp. n. C. m. modesta (Warren 1893) C. curviscapulis sp. n. b C. curviscapulis sp. n. 9 C. orphnobathra sp. n. PLATE Row A Chloroclystis dilatata pelopsaria (Walker 1866) 3 C. dilatata pelopsaria (Walker) 2 C. dilatata hydrographica subsp. n. C, destructata (Walker 1869) C. insigillata (Walker 1862) C. approximata (Walker 1869) C. t. testulata (Guenée 1858) C. testulata denotata (Walker 1862) Desmoclystia dilataria (Warren 1906) Row B Chloroclystis cristigera (Warren 1906) C. primivernalis Warren 1907 as vernalis C. pallidivirens Warren 1903 . vufibasalis( Warren 1906) as rufibasis . laticostata (Walker 1862) . luciana sp. n. . conversa (Warren 1897) . olivata (Warren 1901) Gy.Oy: C376) Cy Row C Chloroclystis nudifunda sp. n. C. inaequata (Warren 1896) . rubroviridis (Warren 1896) . miva West 1929 . obturgescens Prout 1926 . palmaria Prout 1928 as velutina . velutina (Warren 1897) as palmaria SOOO O Row D Chloroclystis analyta Prout 1928 C. permixta sp. n. 3 C. permixta sp. n. 2 C. papillosa (Warren 1896) C. rubrinotata (Warren 1893) C. f. filicata (Swinhoe 1892) C. malachitis (Warren 1903) C. dentifera (Warren 1906) Row L Chloroclystis plicata Hampson 1912 . turgidata (Walker 1866) . oedalea sp. n. . subcostalis (Hampson 1893) . melampepla sp. n. . phoenicophaes sp. n. . cuneativenis sp. n. . pygmaeica sp. n. . atypha sp. n. OAM OMAMRSE 41 Row E Chloroclystis chlorophilata (Walker 1863) C. thaumasta Prout 1935 C. patinata (Warren 1897) C. dissographa sp. n. C. xanthocomes (Prout 1926) as xanthocomis C. eugerys Prout 1929 C. seminotata Warren 1898 C. s. semiscripta Warren 1906 Row F Chloroclystis c. craspedozona sp. n. C. trichophora Hampson 1895 C. eurymesa (Prout 1932) C. telygeta Prout 1932 C. rufitincta (Warren 1898) C. decolovata (Warren 1900) C. p. palpata (Walker 1862) C. v. vegularis (Warren 1895) Row G Chloroclystis palpata diechusa subsp. n. C. palpata javana subsp. n. C. ovibates (Prout 1925) C. ruptiscripta (Warren 1904) C. coelica Prout 1932 C. variospila (Warren 1895) C. v. vegularis (Warren) ab. tenuabilis ab. n. Row H Chloroclystis vegularis vividimargo subsp. n. . diaboeta sp. n. . eurystalides Prout 1932 . diaschista sp. n. . viridata phaeina subsp. n. . viridescens (Warren 1895) . cvaspedozona heanis subsp. n. OCA CIH © NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 435 Row I Chloroclystis automola Prout 1929 C. s. subpalpata sp. n. C. subpalpata fractiscripta subsp. n. C. hypodela Prout 1926 C. isophrica Prout 1926 C. rubrifusa (Warren 1895) C. chlorocampsis (Prout 1926) C. ambundata Prout 1929 as acabundata PLATE Row A Milionia dohertyi WRothschild 1897 9 as doherty M. doheriyi Rothschild 3 as doherty M. mediofasciata Rothschild 1896 9 Row B Milionia mediofasciata Rothschild $ M. grandis Druce 1883 9 M. grandis Druce 3 Row C Milionia celebensis Jordan & Rothschild 1895 as colikensis M. pericallis Rothschild & Jordan 1905 Lobocraspeda coeruleosiviga Warren 1897 as avoa Row K Eupithecia dolia West 1929 Chloroclystis bilineolata (Walker 1862) C. malachita Meyrick 1913 Eupithecia interrubrescens (Hampson 1902) Dysstroma filigrammaria Heydemann 1938 D. brunneoviridata Heydemann 1938 50 Row D Milionia diva Rothschild 1904 M. callima Rothschild & Jordan 1905 M. ventralis Rothschild 1904 M. clarissima lysistrata Kirsch 1877 Row E Milionia c. clarissima (Walker 1864) M. basalis pyrozonis Butler 1882 M. vawakensis (Quoy & Gaimard) ab. flammula Voll (1863) Row F Milionia drucei Butler ab. minahassae Strand IQII M. burgersi Gaede 1922 M. paradisea Jordan 1903 436 NEW SPECIES. OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE PART it [Before his death in 1943, Mr. L. B. Prout completed a further manuscript which included the descriptions of many new species and subspecies of Geometridae in the British Museum (Natural History) : this manuscript would have been published — in volume 12 of Seitz, Macrolepidoptera of the World, following in sequence those species described in the first part of this paper. The descriptions of the new species have been extracted from his original manuscript and are published in the following pages, together with six plates of figures. The figures are of varying magnification, and the actual wing length of the specimen photographed, measured from base to — apex, is given in the legend accompanying the plates.—D. S. Fletcher, Dept. of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History).] Ziridava xylinaria khasiensis subsp. n. (Fig. 2) 3 27-30 mm. Face pale or weakly suffused with red, generally with three — distinct dark spots, two above and one on the cone. Fore wing with a densely fuscous area between cell spot and postmedial fascia, bounded anteriorly by subcosta and posteriorly by cubitus, and extending to the subterminal fascia between subcosta and vein Sc, and between veins R, and R3. InpDIA : Darjeeling, Gopaldhara, 3,440-5,800 ft. (H. Stevens), 1 § ; Shillong, 1 g; Cherrapunji, I 3; tbid., xi.1893, 4 3; ibid., i.1894, 1 gf; Khasia Hills, 36 g, 5 9, including holotype and allotype. Ziridava xylinaria kanshireiensis subsp. n. (Fig. 3) Similar in size and pattern to Z. x. khasiensis ; ground colour and pre-postmedial and terminal shading on both wings darkened. Formosa : Kanshirei, 1,000 ft., 16. vii.1g08 (A. E. Wileman), holotype ¢ ; ibid., | 3.vi.1908, allotype 9; 7zbid., g.iii. 1908, I 2; ibid., 19.viii.1905, I g ; Koannania, © 21.iv.1906 (A. E. Wileman), i 3. Examples from Palali, Benguet, in the Philippine Is., look very like those from Formosa. Ziridava xylinaria baliensis subsp. n. (Fig. 1) $2 28-31 mm. Not so closely like Z. x subrubida Prout as I had at first thought (1937, Novit.zool., 40: 183). On the whole larger still; markings of upperside — more blurred, the pale subapical patch rarely so extendedly clear ; underside in the — males often less densely suffused with fuscous. BALI : 2,500 ft. (W. Doherty), 1 2; Batoeriti, 3,500 ft., vi.1935 (J. P. A. Kalis), © 4 3, I 9, including holotype and allotype ; Git-Git, 5,000 ft., v.1936 (J. P. A. Kalis), — I 2; Mondoktoempang, 2,500 ft., xi.1934 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 3, 1 9. NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 437 Ziridava xylinaria florensis subsp. n. Q 31-32 mm. Gives the impression of a good species. Large, the fore wing very ample, markings weak, the cell dot elongate ; a fairly regular series of spots is situate distad of the subterminal fascia. S. Flores : xi.1896, dry season (Everett), 2 9, including holotype. Ziridava rufinigra cedreleti subsp. n. Differs from the nominate subspecies and from Z. rufinigra brevicellula Prout (1916) in having darker, less fleshy-tinted wings and having the black pattern less strongly developed, especially along the costa of the fore wing and at the anal angle of the hind wing. AUSTRALIA : Queensland, Cedar Bay, south of Cooktown (Meek), 5 3, 6 2, including holotype and allotype ; Geraldton (Meek), 1 3, 3 2; Dawson, 1 &. Ziridava asterota sp.n. (Fig. 4) g 30 mm. Ground colour of wings cartridge buff ; costa of fore wing mottled with black as figured ; both wings patterned with black spots posterior of vein Rg and distad of the postmedial fascia ; fringes spotted with black at the vein ends ; terminal interneural spots black ; postmedial fasciae and termen light vinaceous fawn, the former spotted with black on the veins ; remainder of wings crossed by numerous fasciae of capucine orange. Distinguished from Z. xylinaria Walker by the bright colour and pattern. NortH Borneo : Mt. Kina Balu, v-viii.1903 (John Waterstradt), holotype 3. Calluga grammophora sp. n. (Fig. 5) 3Q 18-20 mm. Rather larger than C. semirasata Warren (1903) and still more like C. costalis Moore (1887) in shape and structure but looking more heavily marked, chiefly the result of the stronger development of the subordinate fasciae ; easily distinguished by the acute central projection of the postmedial fascia on the hind wing. Tufts on the male fore tibia and base of antenna nearly as in costalis and C. cissocosma Turner (1904) ; fore wing with the costal projection in the male not quite so strong, the venation similarly contorted ; antemedial fascia band-like. Hind wing of the male with the costal vein anastomosing with the cell at a point only, then approximated and later connected by a bar ; second subcostal stalked. CENTRAL DutcH NEw Guinea : Mt. Goliath, 5-7,000 ft., about 139° long., ii. 1911 (A. S. Meek), holotype § and allotype @ ; zbid., i. 1911, I 9. British NEw GuINEA: Biagi, Mambare R., 5,000 ft., ii.1g06 (A. S. Meek), 2 2; tbid., iv.1906, I &. ab. completa ab. n. Of the three specimens from Biagi, two belong to the form, recurrent in the group, in which the proximal part of the hind wing is predominently black. 438 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Gymnoscelis polyclealis albicetrata subsp. n. Differs extremely little in colour and pattern from the nominate subspecies, but is noteworthy in that the vestiges of the proximal spurs of the hind tibia are generally wanting. Abdomen with a conspicuous white spot on second tergite. Hind wing with the white postmedial spots generally large, especially the posterior one ; the whitish area distad of the postmedial fascia is commonly continued to very near the termen, foreshadowing . hyperocha. W. CELEBEs : Paloe, G. Tompoe, 2,700 ft., 11.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 3 including holotype ; Paloe, Koelawi, 3,100 ft., 111.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 2; Paloe, Lindoe, 3,700 ft., iv.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 6 g, 7 2; Paloe, Loda, 4,000 ft., v.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 4 2; Paloe, Sidaonta, 4,500 ft., vi.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 1 9. SW. CELEBES : Tjamba, near Maros, 1,500 ft., 11.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis), 2 9. Gymnoscelis polyclealis hyperocha subsp. n. Differs from the nominate subspecies in having the white spots on the hind wing notably enlarged, the hind marginal one extending, though more narrowly, to the tornus, only interrupted by two ill-defined, though rather broad, fasciae or spots of the ground colour. AUSTRALIA : Queensland, Kuranda, 1907 (Dodd), 3 9, including holotype. Gymnoscelis expedita sp.n. (Fig. 6) 218 mm. Similar in size to a small G. folyclealis, which it further recalls in the position of the postmedial fascia and the obsolescence of all markings distad of it. Additional points of similarity are the rather thick antenna and the pronounced gloss of the wings, which also resemble in tone the palest polyclealis. Very distinct in the strongly sinuate margin of the hind wing and the great reduction of the markings, which consist solely of costal spots and the incomplete postmedial fascia on the fore wing and on the hind wing of the sharply angled postmedial fascia. Palpus one and one-half times as long as the diameter of the eye, apparently slightly longer than in folyclealis and similarly black. Matava: Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., 14.iii.1931 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 9. . Gymnoscelis ammocyma sp. n. (Fig. 7) 215mm. Frons with small cone. Palpus almost twice as long as the diameter of the eye, the second segment heavily scaled. Head and body concolorous with wings, the demarcation between the sandy dorsum and the whitish remainder distinct on abdomen. Fore wing pale and weakly marked, with a lens shown to be whitish and sandy in alternating, markedly waved fasciae or shades, the postmedial and the proximal subterminal the most band-like, the former somewhat incurved between the radials ; a few scattered black scales on the median vein and its second branch ; cell spot minute ; terminal fascia slender and broken into dashes, blackest on anterior half of wing. Hind wing with termen faintly concave between the — NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE 439 radials ; pattern as on fore wing, the postmedial fascia with the sinus between the radials more pronounced. Underside paler, the principal marks developed, especially on the hind wing ; terminal fascia stronger than on upperside. ADEN: 8.xii.1921 (H. L. Powell), holotype 9; Sheik Othman, 20.xi.1898 (W. R. D. Grant), I &. Gymnoscelis poecilimon sp. n. (Fig. 8) g 22mm. Larger than the average Gymnoscelis, male abdomen and fore wing elongate. Frons and palpus predominantly black, palpus almost twice as long as the diameter of the eye. Antenna almost simple. Thorax, abdomen and wings green above, the crests marked with brown ; a red, black-mixed spot on front of tegula. Fore wing almost without irroration, except on some of the veins ; markings on anterior half bright red brown varied with white and black. Hind wing similar, but with the red brown weakened and restricted. Underside more drab with darker ante- and postmedial fasciae. Related to G. festiva Warren (1903), differing in the more elongate wing, brighter green coloration and pattern and in the less angled postmedial fascia on the hind wing. NEw IRELAND : 1x.1923-1.1924 (A. F. Eichhorn), 2 3, including holotype. Gymnoscelis festiva buruensis subsp. n. Differs from the nominate subspecies in having the suffusion of the median area somewhat more reddish (though not so bright as in G. poecilimon) the subordinate markings, especially on the hind wing, weaker and the postmedial fascia on the hind wing less angular. Buruv : Leksula-Fakal, 2,800-3,700 ft., 20.x.1921 (L. J. Toxopeus), holotype &. Gymnoscelis festiva jubilata subsp. n. Brighter green than in the nominate subspecies, the suffusions of the central and especially of the distal area weakened. The postmedial fascia on the hind wing is even more angulate than in the nominate subspecies. SW. CELEBEs : G. Lampobattang, Parang-bobo Goa, 5,000 ft., v.1938 (J. P. A. Kallis), holotype 9. Gymnoscelis holoprasia sp. n. (Fig. 9) g15-18mm. Palpus one and one-quarter times as long as the diameter of the eye. Head, body and wings predominantly light grape green, very sparsely irrorate with _ black ; underside greyer. Abdomen at base with an indistinctly dark saddle. Fore wing with a reddish fuscous middle area, which is proximally ill-defined and irrorate with black ; medial fascia, distad of the somewhat darker cell spot, whitish and twice excurved ; distal margin of middle area edged with a white, denticulate fascia ; subterminal markings very weak. Hind wing and underside weakly marked. Differs from the similarly coloured G. callichlora Turner (1907) in the shorter palpus, smaller size and less angulate postmedial fasciae on both fore and hind wings. W. Batt: Prapetagoeng, 1,500 ft., v.1935 (J. P. A. Kalis), holotype 6. CEYLON : Colombo, x.1907 (Mackwood), I 6. 440 NEW SPECIES OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN GEOMETRIDAE Gymnoscelis protracta sp.n. (Fig. 10) 3g 19.5mm. Not quite so large as G. merochyta Prout (1932) ; in wing-shape and — coloration of the hind wing very suggestive of G. deleta Hampson (1891), which may perhaps prove to be its nearest relative. Abdomen cartridge buff with dark — transverse shading near base and just before the white anal extremity. Fore wing fuscous with a very characteristic longitudinal white band posterior of the cell, curving costad distally to end abruptly at the slender and sharply marked postmedial | fascia, which is very strongly excurved ; white subterminal fascia ending at a conspicuous white, mid-terminal spot. Hind wing fuscous with white basal and postmedial fasciae marked broadly at the anal margin ; subterminal fascia slender and white, enlarged to a spot at mid-termen. Fore wing beneath more drab and glossy, the postmedial fascia indicated rather broadly ; the distal area with two — broad, white fasciae, one bordering the postmedial fascia, the other close to the termen. Underside of hind wing similar to that of fore wing, but whiter in proximal — half of wing. MatayA : Perak, Larut Hills, 3,700 ft., at light 14.11.1932 (H. M. Pendlebury), holotype 3. 1 Gymnoscelis pyrissous sp.n. (Fig. II) $2 17-20 mm. Larger than G. imparatalis Walker (1865) but with similarly extreme elongation of the male abdomen and the fore wing. Tuft at base of fore — coxa much less blackened. The fore wing may be regarded as intermediate between those of G. biangulata Swinhoe (1902) or G. oblenita sp. n. (Fig. 19) and imparatalis, in that the postmedial fascia is twice outwardly angled, more acutely than in oblenita but less extremely than in biangulata. Underside, also as in imparatalis, suffused and very weakly marked. Apparently fairly constant, except for the — sexual dimorphism, which is similar to that of : : siete caloptera, Hulstaertiella . ‘ 316 calvescens, Polypedilum . 300, 301 (fig.) campanulata, Hydroptila : » fo" canariensis, Mesophylax . ; : “2 cannae, Pseudococcus 213, 232 capense, Macronema , : : ; 13 capensis, Aulacochilus . . ; - capensis, Dipseudopsis . 10 capensis, Tanytarsus capicola, Micropsectra 349-350, 35 (fig.) 330-331, 334 (fig.) ? earchara, Episteira 456, (fig. 56) catabares, Chloroclystis 413-414 cedestis, Rhadinopsylla . 69 (fig.) celatus, Agapetus . : : ‘ . a centralis, Limnophilus . . ‘ : Fea ceprona rufescens, Dysstroma . ; «392 cesareus, Philopotamus . : 100 chambiensis, Stempellina cheesmanae, Apsilochorema 353- 354 (fig.) 244-245 (fig.), 246 (fig.), 247 CHIRONOMIDAE , 263-357 Index to Parts I-IV 358-363 Chironomini : : . 265-329 Chironomus . ‘ ; ; : « 268 Chrioloba ; ; ; : : - 450 CHRYSOPIDAE : ee cinctipennis trimaculatus, Amblyopus 81-82 cintranus, Cyrnus . ; : : .” “ROS circumacta, Eupithecia . : P .' “SOx citri, Planococcus . : : 3 3) eae citriculus, Pseudococcus . ‘ ; 2 ae Cladotanytarsus 348-352 clavigera, Kribiodosis 324-325 (fig.), 326 coccineus, Eurycoccus 216 (fig.), 217 coelestis, Stenoponia P ; - 2a COENAGRIIDAE . 239-241 coerulea, Tamboria 87-88 (fig.), 89 coffeae, Geococcus . 225, 226 (fig.), 227-228 cognata, Chimarra . 3-4 (fig.), 5, 6 (fig.) cognatus, Leptocerus. 2 2 1 ees collaris, Dipseudopsis_. : ; + TO colonica, Hydropsyche . : : - 105 commutatus, Leptocerus oa complicata dactylotypa, Lobogonodes <1 Ge compositata apothetica, Calleulype . . ae concava, Rhadinopsylla ; : 2 age concentrica, Anabolia_ . ; .) ee confusaria tarachodes, Triphodes ‘ - 375 confusum, Neurochorema ; . : 95 confusum, Psilochorema z , 95 conisecta, Pareustroma . 367-368 conjurata, Gymnoscelis 444, (fig. 20) conquadrata, Micromia . : ‘ . 400 consanguinea, Hydropsyche . z / eg conspecta, Stenoponia_ , ; : - 195 a INDEX 467 consors, Consorophylax . 3 ‘ ) OPES consors, Stenophylax . ; , es RE conspersa, Plectrocnemia : ° « £02 consueta, Tinodes . : : «104 consueta bowringi, Chloroelystis ; +. 403 contracta, Rhyacophila . ‘ ‘ - 96 copiosa, Cheumatopsyche 4 3 ‘ 12 copiosa, Wormaldia ; ; : . I00 copiosus, Dolophilus ; : a SOG corbeti, Pseudoleptocerus 17 (fig.), 18 (fig.), 1 CORDULIIDAE : : 5 : < 2a corniger, Polycentropus . : < £05 corvina, Wormaldia ; : P . 100 corvinus, Dolophilus : : - 99 costale, Dicercomyzon _130 (fig.), 1 31- 132 (fig.) eraspedozona, Chloroclystis F 2 422 eraspedozona heanis, Chloroclystis . «| 422 eraspedozona venata, Chloroclystis . « 3422 cretosus, Anisocentropus : ; f= LEO cristulatus, Lagocheirus 161-162 crotonis, Pseudococcus . : : S. 2253 ctenophora, Psychomyia : : s+ 5104 cuneativenis, Chloroclystis ‘ ; » 417 cuneorum, Leptocerus , : LZ cuprina, Antimimistis ae: (fig. 30) curviscapulis, Chloroclystis : : ) eA tA: dahurica dahurica, Rhadinopsylla_. 70 (fig.) dampfi, Polypedilum : ; 4 2307 decem-maculatum, Polypedilum ; a 284 deceptor, Ecnomus : : + A103 declivis, Polypedilum 287 (fig.), a decora, Oecetis 29 (fig.), 30-31 (fig.), 3 decorata fasciata, Trichopterigia . - 45 ; decussata moltrechti, Phthonoloba 455-456 dejeani, Trichopterigia 453, (fig. 45) deletum, Polypedilum 274, 275 (fig.), pl. 1 delicata isoepes, Episteira . 456, (fig. 55) delicatulus, Agapetus. : . A 94 denticulata, Rhyacophila 3 : - 96 dentifascia kachinica, Physetobasis . . 390 dentifascia kiunkiangana, Physetobasis 390-391 dentifascia rectipendens, Physetobasis 390 depeculata lamarum, Stamnodes : Ses FH derelicta, Psychomyia_ . P . 104 derogata abrogata, Gymnoseelis , - 443 derogata griseifusa, Gymnoscelis P - 442 dewulfi, Polypedilum ‘ ; 297 dezayasi, Lagocheirus : : 144-14 5 diaboeta, Chloroclystis . : : <- seag diaschista, Chloroclystis . ‘ j vA Dicercomyzon ‘ . 129-136 dichobathra punticulata, ‘Collix : - » 386 difficilis, Rhadinopsylla 64 (fig.), 65, 67 (fig.) difformis, Anisogamus . : : i “ITO difformis, Stenophylax . ‘ : SED by digitata, Cheumatopsyche ‘ : ay dilatata hydrographica, Chloroclystis - 418 dilopha, Micromia . : 402-403 dilucidus, Anisocentropus : ‘ # ‘2X9 dipegaea, Photoscotosia . : : » 370 dispar, Aethaloptera : : : = 03 dispar, Limnophilus P : ‘ pee dissographa, Chloroclystis ‘ ; *. 1422 distans, Kribiodosis ‘ ‘ ‘ a gaz distata, Docirava 377-378 distatica, Gymnoscelis 442, (fig. 15) distigma, Chloroclystis : 406-407 distinctum, Macronema . s . : 13 diversus, Pseudagapetus : : 2 395 diversus, Synagapetus . ; 3 - 99 dives, Rhadinopsylla. : : 70 (fig.) dolomydis, Rhadinopsylla i ; 73 (fig.) dualis, Anabolia . ; : 3 1 2kTO dualis, Arctoecia . : : : oy LE dubitans, Synagapetus . 5 : - 99 dubius, Holocentropus . : <9 OZ duodecimpustulatum, Polypedilum 279, 280 dympna, Micromia : : ; - 399 dystacta, Micromia ; : : - 400 eatoni, Rhyacophila E ‘ : - 96 eatoniana, Apatania F : : eee Ecnomus ; j ; . - 247 ectocosma, Micromia ; 400-401 eichhorni, Chloroclystis . - ; . 406 Ellipostoma ; P : : - 449 emphracta, Carsia . : ; ; «375 empodia, Triphosa 373-374 ephippium, Polypedilum 292-203 (fig.), 294 erecta sententiosa, Sauris : - 459 erymna nephelota, Gymnoscelis as. (fig. 17) erythroides, Horisme . . 388 erythroperonus quadriplagiatus, Aulacochilus 84-85 (fig.) estrellensis, Catadice III-11I2 estrellensis, Drusus : ; eee eucineta, Onagrodes “46 (fig. 26) eucola, Megaloba 456-457 (fig. 57) eupitheciata cruentata, Eupithecia . - 396 eupitheciata isocraspeda, Sauris 458, (fig. 62) euthynsis, Micromia : : ‘ - 397 euthynsis evelina, Micromia_. : . 307 evanescens, Chloropsyche : : - 105 evecta, Pycnocentria ‘ : é » E24 evoluta, Chimarra . ‘ 4 (fig.), 5-7 (fig.) evoluta, Rhyacophila . 2 ; ~ 197 excita, Eupithecia . i : : - 394 ?exiguum, Micrasema . : : 122-123 exiguus, Leptocerus - ; : . 120 Exodezia : 386-387 expectans, Micromia 3 ‘ : . 396 expedita, Gymnoscelis_. : 438, (fig. 6) exsudans, Agriocnemis . ; : - 239 extensus, Ptilocolepus_. : : - 96 extremaria coniochyta, Carige : 451 extricatus, Limnophilus , ri . «14 468 INDEX falcifera, Cheumatopsyche 10-11 (fig.) fusorius, Asynarchus . ; ; eS fasciata, Kribiodosis ‘ - : - 324 fusorius, Stenophylax . ; ‘ ag fasciatella, Smicridea . ; ; 3 2 2e6 fasciatipennis, Kribiocallis ; ; 2316 gahani, Pseudcoccus i : , . 233 srg esas panidius i Ra sae galeatum, Sericostoma . A . . 124 1X, iplectrona : : . . 105 lli Th 3 12 ‘ gallicum, Thremma ? : ; 5 ena pratrioatoias . ; : : ze geniculata, Plectrocnemia : ; 102 1 . : ; , ‘ GEOMETRIDAE ; : , 367-463 ene Peyton Tenet © : : r ora, Cal : filamentosus, Pseudococcus 212, 215 » sane es 7 enh fi 437 ( : 5) filamentosus corymbatus, Pseudococeus . 212 sds Daca kts An Beh oj aaa Sai eoceee tek : : we? griseoguttatum, Polypedilum 283 (fig.), ae ’ : : pl. 1 Pee happening epacta, Chloroclystis 420-421 griseola, Notidobia . 123 3 oie jae esganctie , , aks griseorufa tranquillata, Chloroclystis . 405 Arsbricie ‘Mydeopayene ; , : : 4 guineensis, Tanytarsus 346, 347 (fig.) finitimus, Ascalaphomerus : : + fr ; ; fissa, Micropterna . ‘ ; ; iA hageni, Rhyacophila—. ; : oa fissus, Stenophylax : was, hagna, Trichopterigia 454, (fig. 50) flavata postscripta, Gandaritis ‘ . 372 hamiferum, Sericostoma . : ‘ * flavescens, Pantala ; t os age hamiltoni, Neopsylla * : : oe flavidus, Cyrnus. j ; hapege hamoni, Polypedilum ; ; ; . ,gae ? flavipes, Microtendipes. 317-318 hampsoni, Eustroma . - 37 flaviventris, Kribiodosis . , : . 324 hebes, Dystypoptila 458, (fig. 58) flavolineatus, Lagocheirus : , ;. 459 heinrichi, Heterophleps 448, (fig. 32) flexistilus, Tanytarsus 340 (fig.), 342 heiseri, Rhadinopsylla 72 (fig.) foedella, Tinodes_ . : ; ; i to" HEMEROBIIDAE : : : forcipata, Hydroptila . ; : 167 hickini, Triaenodes 21 (fig.), 22-23 (fig.), 24 forcipata, Phrixocoma . : : . 109 hieroglyphicum, Polypedilum . _ - 284 formozovi, Stenoponia_ . ; : <8 hilaris, Allogamus . . : : oe fortunata, Hydroptila_ . . ; es, hilaris, Halesus_—. . ; ; : ae foveolatus, Lagocheirus 152-153 hirsutus, Phenacoccus 228, 229 (fig.), 230 frater, Hydrobiosis i : : . 95 hispanicus, Philopotamus ? , oo fraterna, Rhadinopsylla . 57-58, 59 (fig.), 60, holoprasia, Gymnoscelis . “439, (fig. 9) 67 (fig.), 71 (fig.) horistes, Chloroclystis . . . - 404 fraudulenta, Rhyacophila ‘ ; «gy Hulstaertiella : : wee frigida, Apatania . < : 2 . Ir HyYDROPSYCHIDAE . 10-1 3, 15, 105-106 fulerata, Eupithecia } : / . 393 HYDROPTILIDAE 14-17) 107s fulgorata mera, Sterrhochaeta f . 380 hymenocleae, Pseudococcus 2125 20g fumipennis, Silo. ; , } . 125 hyperythra catalalia, Horisme : . 387 funerea, Pycnocentria_. ; , 1/8 hypocalypsis, Micromia . : ; - 396. funestus, Archlagocheirus 164-165 HYSTRICHOPSYLLIDAE : 41-76 furcifera, Schizopelex . ; : 124 fuscipenne, Polypedilum 287 (fig.), 288- 289, iceryoides, Rastrococcus 220, 233 fuseithorax, Kribiodosis . ; ; oe Idilla F ; ss fusiformis, Stictochironomus 309, pl. 2 illustris, Anisocentropus . ‘ . 119 fuscoguttata, Lauterborniella . 320-321 (fig.), imparatalis opta, Gymnoscelis . ; . 440 pl. 2 improvisa, Monocentra . F . ae fuscum, Polypedilum 274-275 (fig.), 276 improvisus, Drusus : i ‘ J. OES fuscus, Tanytarsus 3 fig.), 348 impunctatus, Mesophylax re é | ES y 47 \18-), 34 P pay INDEX inaequalis, Leptocerus_ . ; : -- N\E2ZO incoloripenne, Polypedilum . : ; 276 indecora, Photoscotosia . 369-370 indica, Antonina 206, 224 indica, Dipseudopsis - ; : . «tor infumatus, Hydatophylax : ; «| Ur infumatus, Stenophylax. “* . : rae Dy infusata albitornalis, Chloroclystis . . 407 infusata errabunda, Chloroclystis : . 407 infusata exortiva, Chloroclystis 407-408 inscissa, Sauris . 460-461, (figs. 68, 69) insignis lifuana, Agrionoptera ; 2 12a insolita, Rhadinopsylla 71 (fig.) insolitus, Centrococcus 224-225 insolutus, Cyrnus . : : ; =) LOL insons, Pseudagapetus_ . : d eTkOS insons, Synagapetus ; i : = 1108 insularis, Philopotamus . : ; 2) LOG integella, Rhadinopsylla . : ; 71 (fig.) integer, Lagocheirus . 155-156 interjectus, Leptocerus . : ; « Jk2T intermedia, Rhyacophila : : 97; interplagata, Cidaria ; : : easy interruptus, Aulacochilus . : : 87 intima, Oecetus : 3 : ee tet invicta, Horisme . ‘ ? rs ots) invisibilis invita, Chloroclystis : : . 409 iofi, Rhadinopsylla : , 72 (fig.) iris, Polypedilum 281, 286 isacantha continentalis, Rhadinopsylla 50, 51 (fig.), 52, 73 (fig.) isacantha isacantha, Rhadinopsylla 51 (fig.), 52 (fig.), 53 (fig-) isosticta, Photoscotosia . ‘ : i= 371 italicus, Limnophilus’. : é ee oy | ivanovi, Stenoponia : ; : 3 73 jaonis, Rhadinopsylla 69 (fig.) japonica, Phryganea s 109-110 japonica, Rhadinopsylla . , ; 70 (fig.) jaspidea, Anaciaeshna . ‘ 241 jinjana, Athripsodes 4 (fig.), 25 (fig.), 26 khasia, Stenopsyche 258-259 (fig.), 260 kibatiense, Polypedilum . : - - 204 kijabensis, Polypedilum . : : . 304 kingi, Polycentropus ‘ =" 103 "452-453, (fig. 44) 354 (fig.), 355 knyvetti, Trichopteryx kribiensis, Zavrelia Kribiocallis . : , ; : . 304 Kribiocharis . , : , . 268, 310 Kribiocosmus ‘ ‘ ; . 318-319 Kribiodorum : : ‘ - 319 Kribiodosis 324-326 Kribiomimus 268, 310 Kribiomyia ; F i . 328-329 Kribionympha : . ; ‘ . 268 ? Kribiopelma ; ; . : . 298 Kribiophilus . ‘ : ; ; . 268 Kribiothauma Kribiotima Kribioxenus . labeculata deviaria, Horisme lacustris, Trichosetodes . laetibilis, Plectrocnemia . Lagocheirus . Lagochirus : lamellaris, Ithytrichia lamia, Sterrhochaeta lamprogaster, Microtendipes lanaris aequabilis, piesa a a laniger, Agapetus lapponicus, Asynarchus . laterale, Polypedilum latipennis, Gymnoscelis latipennis, Triplectides latipennis nepotalis, Gymnoseelis Lauterborniella 3 lautum, Macronema lavella, Gymnoscelis lentiginosus, Microtendipes Lepidopodus . lepta aeneta, Chioroelystis LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE LEPTOCERIDAE leucocarpa, Micromia leucolabis, Kribiomimus leucoprora, Eupithecia leucoptera, Mystacides 2 leucopygata cata, Chloroclystis leucosphena, Sterrhochaeta lewisi, Tanytarsus LIBELLULIDAE ligonifer, Allogamus ligonifer, Halesus lilacinus, Planococcus limbata, Pycnopsyche limbata, Trapezostigma . limbatus, Stenophylax LIMNEPHILIDAE limnocharis, Chironomus linearis, Tanytarsus linta, Rhadinopsylla lissopis, Eupithecia lobiferum, Polypedilum longiforeeps, Polypedilum longinervis, Polypedilum longipalpis, Kribiomyia . longipennis, Lagocheirus longiseta, Ripersia . longispina, Hydroptila longiventris, Lauterborniella longiventris, Microtendipes longulum, Micrasema loxobasma, Megaloba luciana, Chloroclystis - 444 (tig. 21), 445 287 (fig.), 289-290 longicrus, Polypedilum 279-280, 283 (fig.), pl. 1 287 (fig.), 290 233, 234 (fig.), 235 322-323, pl. 2 102 139-166 140 108 - 379 312, 313 (fig.) Res 3 Gy 292, 293 (fig.) 247 - 445 319-324 : + 106 442, (fig. 14) 315, pl. 5 326-327 - 409 36-37 17-36, 247 397-398 21 290 395 I2I »~ 403 380-381 350, 351 (fig.) 241-242 I1o 113 214-215 116 242 117 110-118 : - 296 351 (fig.), 352 65, 66 (fig.), 67 (fig.), 68 395 288 329 143 107 288 a“, 523 457 (fig. 60) : «+ 4T9 470. INDEX luctuosus, Tanytarsus 339, 340 (fig.) ludificatus, Philopotamus : < 2hDOo lugubris, Sternocheirus 163-164 lusitanica, Helicopsyche . ‘ ? Be owed: lusitanica, Rhycophila . : ; 3 OF lusitanica, Setodes F ; ; oy ELT luteimedia, Triphosa 374-375 luteipes, Microtendipes . : ; a .3i8 macropora, Triphosa : ‘ , - 374 maculipennis, Setodellina : , Si Jeers maculithorax, Chrysopa . : = gaa madagascariensis, Tylococcus 2 222, 223 (fig.), 224 madeirensis, Phenacoccus 230, 231 (fig.), 232 madida, Ecclisopteryx . a . Sie PEED madidus, Halesus . 113-114 magna, Notanatolica : it ZO magnimaculata irabunda, Chloroclystis - 410 major, Chaetopteryx : é 5 ) ITO mesa, Rhadinopsylla 47, 48 (fig.), 49 (fig.), 72 (fig.) mesoides, Rhadinopsylla 47-48 (fig.), 49 (fig.), 50 mesophoena celebensis, Gymnoscelis - 444 mesophoena hagia, Gymnoscelis : - 443 mesophoena taprobanica, Gymnoscelis 443-444, (fig. 18) mesta, Cryptoloba . : s 449, (fig.35) metachlora lativitra, Hybridoneura 447, (fig. 29) metachlora semivinosa, Hybridoneura - 446 metorechatica, Cryptoloba. 449, (fig. 34) micra, Polypedilum 301 (fig.), 302-303 micradelpha, ona aan . 454, (fig. 53), 53 Micropsectra . - 330-331 Microtendipes d 268, 310-318 mimicum, Psilochorema . : ; Ae SS mimus, Pseudoeconesus - 123-124 minimum, Micrasema . ‘ ; 122-123 miser, Limnophilus 2 ‘ i «) GEE4 moestella, Setodes . . : ele trp eee moestum, Micrasema . : ; Ses MOLANNIDAE 118-119 monochasma, Micromia . ; ; + 402 montana, Stenoponia. : r - eg montanus, Philopotamus _ : 2 ~ ioe monticola, Drusus . * ‘ > pee montivagus, Consorophylax . : . a montivagus, Stenophylax . : . ee morosum, Oligoplectrum : ‘ .. zg mucronatus, Stenophylax ; ‘ «| muliebris, Apatania , ¢ +) eke multidenticulata, Rhadinopsylla : 72 (fig.) multispinosa, Paraputo . : : » ore multistriata tensa, Lobogonodes ; . 368 munda, Rhyacophila . 97 mundiscripta commundata, Eupithecia 303-304 mundiscripta larutensis, Eupithecia . - 394 murina, Smicridea . : ? ‘ . 106 mutrayi, Aulacochilus. . : oe muscosa pleonectes, Sauris 400, (fig. 67) mutatus, Glyphotaelius . . - ee mutatus, Nemotaulius . ; 5 + ao naga, Chloroclystis . ; . 405 natalense, Polypedilum . 273-274, pl. 1 natalensis, Pseudococcus ; : . 2G natalensis, Stictochironomus 306-307 navigatorum, Nesomicromus . ‘ . £ae nebulicola, Cryptothrix . ; ; Bag nervosa, Anabolia . : ; « » oe Neuroptera ‘ : 242-244 ni, Micromia . : : ; ; . 401 niger, Amblyopus . ‘ : , 80-81 nigrans, Catagapetus ‘ . ; «| 70a nigratipes, Lepidopodus . 326-327 nigricornis, Silo. ; : : .. 325 nigricornis, Tanytarsus 344 Eh 345-340 nigrifrons unilinea, Sauris ; . 460 nigrilinearia euneta, Sauris ‘459 (fig. 64) nigrocinctus, Tanytarsus 339-340 (fig.), 341 nigrovittatus, Hydatophylax . : :, i nigrovittatus, Platyphylax . ; ., 586 nilophilus, Polypedilum . ; ‘ - 307 niloticum, Polypedilum . ; j ee nimbulus, Agapetus : ; ; - Se nipae, Nipaecoccus 211-212 nivalis, Phenacoccus ; ‘ , 2am niveiforceps, Polypedilum ; r » (298 njalana, Dipseudopsis_ . ; ‘ - ee njalaensis, Pseudoleptocerus . ‘ Rye nocticolor, Chironomus . 5 . 2096 nocticolor, Tanytarsus 30 (fig.), 336 noricanus, Anisogamus . ‘ +, SBEC noricis, Dipseudopsis : Pere noumeanus, Noius . 242 (fig.), 243 (fig.), 244 novemguttatum, Polypedilum . ol novenaria, Micromia : ‘ : . 398 nudifunda, Chloroclystis . ; bee . 419 nycterobia, Micropterna . : : # SERS nycterobia, Stenophylax ; ‘ , eee oblenita, Gymnoscelis obliterata, Rhyacophila . obscurata, Annitella obscurata, Chaetopteryx obsoleta, Phryganea obsoletum, Polypedilum . obsoletus, Lagocheirus obtusidens, Rhyacophila obtusus, Dactylopius obtusus, Pseudococcus occidentalis, Rhyacophila occulta, Hydroptila occulta, Phrixocoma ochraceistriga, Chrioloba ochraceistriga sectilinea, Chrioloba octobris, Nothocasis octomaculatum, Polypedilum ? octostictum, Polypedilum Odonata oedalea, Chloroclystis oetakwana, Sauris . olearia, Sauris : omocydia, Chloroclystis oniria, Desmoclystia operosa, Brabira oosyndica, Onagrodes orama, Rhadinopsylla ornatipennis, Chironomus ornatipennis anomala, Chaetolopha . ornatipennis nepenthes, Chaetolopha 313 (fig.), 319, pl. 2 ornatipes, Kribiocosmus ornatula, Hydropsyche orphnobathra, Chloroclystis otalatis, Chrysopa . othnia, Sauris pactus, Agapetus pallicornis, Agraylea : 402; (figs. 70, 71) INDEX 444, (fig. 19) - 109 450, (fig. 40) 450, (fig. 41) 452, (fig. 42) . 277 277 239-242 415-416 461, (fig. 72) 459, (fig. 61) : 412 2 ; 382 448, (fig. 31) 445-440, (figs. 22, 23) 55-56 (fig.), 57, 74 (fig) 272 384 383-384 106 415 244 94 107 pallida pangeanensis, Goniopteroloba. pallidinervis, Microtendipes pallidipennis, Stenopsyche pallidipes, Lauterborniella pallidissimus, Tanytarsus palliditarsis, Amblyopus . pallidula, Tinodes . pallidulus, Kribioxenus . pallidulus, Tanytarsus palpata diechusa, Chloroclystis palpata javana, Chloroclystis pandani, Chironomus pantodapus, Limnophilus parapasta, Heterophleps. Paratendipes : parerga, Pomasia 256-257 (fig.), 333, 334 (fig), 335 palmaria phantastes, Chloroclystis 451, (fig. 39) 290 258 (fig.) 321 (fig.), 323-324, pl. 2 334 (fig.), 338 79-80 104 328 2? 419 422 423 295 o “EDS 448, (fig. 33) : . 268 385 471 parvulus, Lagocheirus -« I51 patefacta, Sauris 458-459, (fig. 63) peguensis, Eupithecia ; « 392 pentacantha, cia das 70 (fig.) Pentapedilum 266, 298-304 Pentapelma . : 268 peperitis, Cryptoloba 449, (fig. 36) permista, Steirophora 456, (fig. 54) permixta, Chloroclystis : 420 perniciosus, Pseudococcus 212,220 persimilis, Rhyacophila . 98 perversus, Philopotamus 100 Petaloscelis “ 82 PHILOPOTAMIDAE . 3-9, 99-IOI philopotamoides, Rhyacophila : Oe phoenicophaes, Chloroclystis 416-417 phoenicopus, eee 443, (fig. 16) PHRYGANEIDAE I0g-IIO pictipennis, Kribiophilus . 279 picturatus, Limnophilus . ens pilcheri, Trichopterigia 453- ‘ 54, (fig. 48) pinheyi, Pisulia 36-37 (fig.) pitymydis, Rhadinopaylla 54-55 plantaris gorgonae, Lagocheirus ; Fe 8 ute plantaris indistinctus, Lagocheirus 158-159 plantaris plantaris, Lagocheirus 157-158 pluriguttatum, Polypedilum +. 307 poecilimon, Gymnoscelis . 439 (fig. 8) politus, Limnophilus as POLYCENTROPODIDAE + 9-10, IOI-103 polyclealis albicetrata, Gymnoscelis . 2 438 polyclealis hyperocha, Gymnoscelis_ . . 438 polygrammatum, Macronema . 106 Polypedilum . 266-304 polysticha, Photoscotosia 371 polystictaria tsangpoensis, Ttichopteryx 452, (fig. 43) ponera, Stenoponia 172-173 praecellens, Lagocheirus . 160-161 praemorsa, Rhyacophila 98 praesumtiosa, Triphosa . 373 prasimotmeta, Photoscotosia 371-372 privatum, Glossosoma o1" 94 procerus, Lagocheirus 146-147 proluta, Amphipsyche - 105 prosenes, Photoscotosia . 370 protagma, Hysterura 369 protagma agaura, Hysterura ; 369 protracta, Gymnoscelis 440, (fig. 10) Prosthetopteryx 396-403 proxima, Rhyacophila ey: pruina, Polypedilum 280-281, 283 (fig.), pl. 1 PSEUDOCOCCIDAE ; 205-236 pseudomancus, Tanytarsus 348-349, 351 (fig.) PsyCHOMYIDAE ‘ 103-105, 247 ptychosyrma, Sauris 459, (fig. 66) puerilis, Polycentropus 103 puerilis, Polyplectropus . 103 pugnax, Chloroclystis . 411 472 INDEX pulchellum, Kribiothauma 325 (fig.), 327, pl. 2 pulcherrima exsanguis, Trichopterigia SNARE pulchra, Lauterborniella 321 (fig.), 322, pl. 2 pulla, Wormaldia . : ; ; - 100 pullus, Dolophilus . : : ‘ eT LOO punctulata anaxia, Collix : 4 . 386 puripennis, Stictochironomus . 307 (fig.), 308-309 pusilla, Tinodes_. ; : . SlLO* putoni, Anabolia_ . ; F LEO pygmaeica, Chloroclystis . . - 417-418 pyricoetes, Eupithecia . ; ‘ A362 pyrissous, Gymnoscelis_ . 5 440, (fig. 11) quadrilobata, Stenopsyche i : - 254 quinqueguttatum, Polypedilum 279, 283 (fig.), pl. 1 radiatum, Macronema . 4 : ss, LOO ramiferum, Polypedilum 285-286, 287 (fig.), pis raniata, Eupithecia ; . ; 2, AOR recessilinea, Micromia_ . : - 399 rectilineata curvifera, Sterrhochasta a! 376 rectilineata diffidens, Sterrhochaeta . meas £5: rectilineata indirecta, Sterrhochaeta . « 379 rectispina, Rhyacophila : f - 99 reducta, Setodes . : . : x tkcae reductus, Tanytarsus 350-351 (fig.), 352 regularis tenuabilis, Chloroclystis . Aes regularis viridimargo, Chloroclystis . + 423 relicta, Rhyacophila ; : 98 reticulatella, Oecetis 26 (fig.), 27- -28 (fig.) reuteri, Triaenodes : : : ae reverlieri, Helicopsyche . , : a ee rhabdoneura, Collix ; ; : . 386 RHADINOPSYLLINAE -47-76 Rheotanytarsus ; post rhodesi, Chimarra . : 4 (fig.), 8 (fig.), 9 rhodopis, Chloroclystis . ‘ ‘ . 407 RHYACOPHILIDAE : 94-99, 244-247 ritchiei, Paraputo . eee rivularis acidnias, Trichopterigia 4 ita! (fig. 49) rogersi hondurensis, Lagocheirus : me gt rogersi panamensis, Lagocheirus : a> hed rogersi rogersi, Lagocheirus 153-154 rosaceus, Lagocheirus ‘ 159-160 Rosenia ‘ : : i ; - 298 rostocki, Tinodes . s - 104 ruandae, Polypedilum 209-300, 301 (fig.) rubripuncta miantosticta, Trichopterigia . 453, (fig. 47) rufinigra cedreleti, Ziridara - 437 rufinotata illumina, Trichopterigia 4 53, (fig. 46) tupta, Rhyacophila : é ; oO rutshuruensis, Microtendipes 314-315 sacchari, Saccharicoccus . ; : ES satchelli, Microtendipes . 312-313 saucia, Smicridea . 106 Scelidopetalon 82-84 scissum, Micrasema 123 seotti, Polypedilum 297 scruposa, Plectrocnemia . 102 sectilis goodi, Rhadinopsylla 69 (fig.) semifusca swanni, Parazoma - 6306 semirufata goliathi, Horisme 388-389 semiscripta brychoma, Chloroclystis . ¢ - 419 senegalense, Phanostoma ‘ 13 septemguttatum, Polypedilum . 279 septentrionis, Rhyacophila 99 sequax, Micropterna II5 sequax, Stenophylax 118 sericeus, Trionymus . Ee SERICOSTOMATIDAE 122-125, 247 serrata, Hydroptila : st serrata, Triaenodes 19-20 (fig.), 2 sexguttatum, Polypedilum Be sexguttatus, Aulacochilus 87 sibiricus, Grammotaulius 113 sidimi, Stenoponia . 172 sigmata, Loxofidonia : 378 sigmata lipernes, Loxofidonia . 378 signatipennis, Grammotaulius . 113 signatum, Macronema . simplicicornis, Lagocheirus 147-148 singularis, Stenoponia_ . 175-176, 178 sinuosa reddita, Chloroclystis : 405 solitaria, Stenoponia 175 soror, Anabolia IIo sororcula, Anabolia e IIo spadiceonotatus, Tanytarsus 340 (fig.), 341 spectatissima, Stamnodes 377 speluncarum, Stenophylax 118 spinellosa, Stenoponia IQI—Ig2 spinifer, Rhadicoleptus 116 spinifer, Stenophylax 118 spinosella, Oxyethira 108 spoliatum, Glossosoma 94 stalii, Neuronia 109 steinii, Molannodes 118-119 stellata, Dipseudopsis IOI—102 stellifera, Hydroptila 108 Stempellina : 352-355 Stenoponia 169-202 STENOPSYCHIDAE 253-260 steretica, Horisme . - 389 Sternocheirus 163-164 Stictochironomus . 304-310 stictoptera, Kribiocallis > '3aR stilatum, Polypedilum 294 stimulans, Hydropsyche . ; $ ‘s straeleni, Orthotrichia 14 (fig.), 1 stramineus, Pseudoeconesus : a strouhali, Rhadinopsylla . 52-53 (fig.), 54 subaequale, Sericostoma ‘ 124 subconfluens, Polypedilum 291 subnebulosus, Polycentropus 103 INDEX 473 subnigra, Wormaldia . ? ‘: p XOX subovatum, Polypedilum . ate, 283 (fig.) subpalpata, Chloroclystis . 4 < 424 subpalpata fractiscripta, Chloroclystis ” A 25 subreflexens, Tanytarsus 344 (fig.), 345 suknevi, Stenoponia 4 A ; - E74 tafa, Chaetolopha . 382-383 taitae, Microtendipes 316, pl. 2 tanaorrhina, Sterrhochaeta , : . 380 Tanytarsini 329-357 Tanytarsus . 298, 331-352 taraxichroma, Chloroclystis ; : 408 tasmaniae, Nesomicromus . ; . 242 telifer, Polycentropus.. : : 103 teligera, Trichopterigia 455; (fig. 52) tenella, Rhadinopsylla 74 (fig.) tenuimanus, Microtendipes ‘ 2 2200 tenuitarsis, Polypedilum 275 (fig.), 276-277, pl. 1 testulata denotata albiplaga, Chloroclystis . 418 testulata denotata irregulata, ie bai 418 thaumasia, Micromia_ ; . 402 titubata, Calocalpe : ; x 376 transitaria semifasciata, Tatosoma : - 455 tremodes, Calocalpe ; é d 375 Trichoptera . : : 244-247 tridens, Polypedilum 282-283 (fig.) trifida, Setodes ; 33 (fig.), 34-35 (fig.), 36 trifidus, Tanytarsus 340 (fig.), 343 tripectinata acmaea, Stenoponia 177 (fig.), 178 (fig.), 179 (fig.), 183 (fig), 197-198 ,199 (fig.), 200-202 tripectinata barcana, Stenopogon 183 (fig.), 187 tripectinata blanda, Stenopogon 194-195 tripectinata insperata, Stenopogon 183 (fig.), 188-190 tripectinata irakana, Stenoponia 192-193 tripectinata medialis, Stenoponia 190-IQI tripectinata megaera, Stenoponia 179 (fig.), 181 (fig.), 184 (fig.), 185 (fig.), 186 (fig.), 187 tripectinata separata, Stenopogon 183 (fig.), 193-194 179 (fig.), 182, 183 (fig.), 184 tripectinata tenax, Stenopogon tripectinata thinophila, Stenopogon 183 (fig.), 195-196 tripectinata tingitana, Stenopogon 179 (fig.), 183 (fig.), 187-188 tripectinata tripectinata, Stenoponia 177 (fig.), 178, 179 (fig.), 180 (fig.), 181 (fig.), 182, a (fig.) Tripedilum . ; ‘ : 268 Tripodura. : : : . 268 tristellum, Micrasema : : : $4 223 tristigosa nasuta, Gymnoscelis . : . 441 tristrigosa tongaica, Gymnoscelis : - 441 tropicum, Polypedilum : : . 280 trilobatum, Polypedilum P ‘ . 280 283 (fig.), pl. 1 447,( fig. 28) tropicum, Polypedilum truncata, Hybridoneura truncata, Stempellina 354 (fig.), 355 tuberculatus tuberculatus, Lagocheirus 156-157 tuberculatus v-album, Lagocheirus . + 157 turbinata, Chaetolopha . - : . 383 ucenorum, Rhadicoleptus : : 126 ucenorum, Stenophylax . ; i ser umbripennis, Hydrobiosis ; . 95 umbrosus, Microtendipes 313- 314, pl. 2 uncata, Cheumatopsyche . I-12 (fig.) uncinata, Hydroptila ; ; . . 108 undatus undatus, Lagochirus . 143-144 unicolor, Lagocheirus 162-163 unicolor, Setodes . ; 122 undatus mariorum, Lagocheirus ‘ - 144 unidentata, Oxyethira . : ; . 108 urema, Cheumatopsyche : , ; 12 usta asema, Sauris . : é : » “461 usta stictifascia, Sauris . : : . 461 vacillans, Hysterura . F ; . 368 vailima, Pseudomimetis . 446 (fig. 27) valenti, Rhadinopsylla 71 (fig.) valentula, Calocalpe : 376-377 van-bemmeli, Polypedilum : i . 284 vanderplanki, Polypedilum . ; Su2Q7, variegatus, Philopotamus : : . 100 vashti basilis, Philereme 372-373 vastator, Nipaecoccus 212-213, 220 ventricosa, Rhadinopsylla 69 (fig.) victoria, Onagrodes 445, (fig. 25) victoriana, Trichosetodes . ‘ ie 30 violaceus, Paratendipes . P : aeeset viretata himalayica, Acasis 451-452 virgata, Ferrisiana 241, 220 virgata madagascariensis, Pseudococcus 8220 viridata phaeina, Chloroclystis . ; - 424 viridis, Dactylopius : c se 2i2 vittatum, Polypedilum 300, 301 (fig.) vlasovi, Stenoponia 174-175 vunida, Goéra : ; : ; a 247 wallengreni, Apatania . : : Neea wardi, Eupithecia : 394-395 wenzeli, Lagocheirus : F , . 146 wittei, Polypedilum : 301-302 woodjonesi, Chloroclystis : : . 409 xanthodes, Limnophilus . : : ff ELS xenisma, Chloroclystis . ; : + ATO xylinaria baliensis, Ziridava 436, (fig. 1) xylinaria florensis, Ziridava : a AS7, xylinaria kanshireiensis, Ziridava 436, (fig. 3) xylinaria khasiensis, Ziridava 436, (fig. 2) 474 zariae, Tanytarsus . Zavrelia Ach aah Zavreliella . : zelleri, Mollanodes . 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